European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of cochlear coverage on speech perception in single sided deafness, bimodal, and bilateral implanted cochlear implant patients.","authors":"Jennifer L Spiegel, Joachim Mueller, Rebecca Boehnlein, John-Martin Hempel, Judith E Spiro, Bernhard G Weiss, Mattis Bertlich, Martin Canis, Tobias Rader","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09086-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09086-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individualized cochlear implantation (CI) is essential to facilitate optimal hearing results for patients. Influence of cochlear coverage (CC) has been studied, however without consideration of different CI-categories, like single sided deafness (SSD), bimodal, and bilateral separately.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of preoperative CT scans was performed at a tertiary center. For each patient their individual CC with the selected electrode array was calculated off the complete CDL. Patients were categorized into SSD (n = 30), bimodal (n = 72), and bilateral CI patients (n = 29). Speech perception within the first 12 months post-implantation was compared between patient groups with shorter and longer CC. For subgroup analysis the cutoff between a shorter or longer CC was identified by the median.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cutoff between a shorter or longer CC was identified at 65% off the complete CDL for SSD and bimodal patients, and at 70% for bilateral patients. In SSD-patients longer CC was associated with better performance at activation (CC^shorter 20.0 ± 28.9% vs. CC^longer 31.5 ± 24.7%; p = 0.04) and no benefit was found with deeper insertion at 12 months. No significant benefit was found for deeper insertion in bimodal and bilateral patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Capacities of hearing performance seem to differ between SSD, bimodal and bilateral patients within the first year after implantation with regards to cochlear coverage. SSD-patients appear to benefit from deeper insertion than 65% up to 12 months after implantation. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, hence development of speech perception with CI is influenced by a whole range of factors, and bimodal and bilateral treated patients are extremely heterogenous patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic analysis of elective neck dissection in cT3/T4a/T4bN0 maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Jun Dong, Zhengqiu Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09146-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09146-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effect of elective neck dissection (END) on the prognosis of patients with cT3/T4N0 maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MSSCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the SEER database. Patients with cT3/T4a/T4bN0 MSSCC were included in the study and divided into two groups: those who received END treatment and those who did not. Differences between the two groups were assessed using propensity score matching. Cox regression was used to screen patients for independent risk factors. The effect of END on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) was explored, and subgroup analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 327 patients with cT3/T4N0 MSSCC were enrolled. After propensity score matching (PSM), patients treated with END showed significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) compared with those who did not receive END (P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses, the hazard ratio was 0.729 (95% confidence interval: 0.549-0.967), indicating a favourable prognosis for patients receiving END. Certain subgroups of patients benefited significantly from END. These subgroups included patients older than 65 years, Caucasian, male, not receiving radiotherapy, stage T3, grade II and MSSCC with a tumour size of 3-5 cm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>END improves survival time and survival outcomes in patients with cT3/T4a/T4bN0 MSSCC, especially in cT3 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective neck dissection of level IIB in cN0 laryngeal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Simone Mauramati, Maria Vittoria Veneroni, Eugenio Errico, Pietro Canzi, Giulia Bertino, Emanuele Robiolio, Rebecca Gelli, Fabio Pedretti, Marta Minuti, Rita Crea, Marco Benazzo","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09145-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09145-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary endpoint of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the presence of IIB neck level metastases in patients with laryngeal carcinoma, to provide valuable evidence to aid surgeons in the decision-making process for neck dissections. As a secondary aim this study analyzed the presence of factors that may be associated with a higher prevalence of metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent authors (EE, MVV) searched for articles on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. Review of the articles was carried out following 2020 PRISMA guidelines, all articles were assessed for quality according to NICE guidelines. Afterwards the statistical analysis was performed with STATA 18SE software. Studies were also assessed for heterogeneity and risk of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies were included, from which data on 1205 subjects was extracted. Out of 997 patients with a cN0 LC, 21 patients developed metastasis. This meta-analysis found the cumulative rate of metastasis to be 1% (95% CI 0-2%). Also, there is a 51% higher probability (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 0.06, 2.92) of occult IIB metastasis in higher stages (T3/T4) compared to lower stages (T1/T2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dissection of level IIB may be safely spared in patients with cN0 laryngeal cancer, possibly leading to improved QoL and shoulder function as well as reducing OR times and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus regulates Th17 cells and autophagy via STING in chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.","authors":"Weigang Gan, Xingchen Liu, Feng Liu, Junying Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09100-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09100-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As a common pathogen of rhinosinusitis, the role of Staphylococcus aureus in modulating autophagy through STING activation and Th17 cell differentiation in CRSwNP remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate how S. aureus regulates Th17 cell differentiation and the occurrence and development of autophagy in CRS by inducing STING expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunoblotting and flow cytometry were employed to assess the expression levels of STING, RORγt, LC3B, and MUC5AC, as well as Th17 markers in cells. HNECs were co-cultured with S. aureus in vitro to explore its regulatory effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>STING expression was found to be decreased in CRSwNP tissues, while RORγt, LC3B, and MUC5AC levels were elevated. S. aureus was shown to induce Th17 differentiation via STING regulation. STING activators reduced Th17 inflammation, while autophagy activators increased autophagosomes and MUC5AC levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The STING system may play a protective role in the inflammatory response of nasal epithelial cells. S. aureus inhibits STING, not only by promoting the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells but also by increasing autophagy levels in nasal epithelial cells. Both mechanisms contribute to the enhanced expression of MUC5AC, facilitating the progression of CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between three abbreviated methods for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children and adolescents in a real-world setting - a prospective study using polysomnography.","authors":"Manon Marechal, Emeline Renard, Patricia Franco, Sofia Da Mota, Noémie Schweitzer, Angelica Tiotiu, Cyril Schweitzer, Laurianne Coutier, Iulia Ioan","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09143-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09143-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oximetry was proposed as an abbreviated exam, easily accepted by the child, for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for children located in regions where access to pediatric sleep labs is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), the number of ≥ 3% oxygen desaturations per hour of recording, obtained by portable oximetry performed in parallel with video-polysomnography (PSG), in a cohort of children, with and without comorbidities, referred for OSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from portable oximetry performed in parallel with PSG were prospectively collected. The diagnostic value, sensitivity, and specificity of ODI to identify a moderate/severe OSA were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>81 children aged 3 to 18 years were included, 56 (69%) with comorbidities, 50 (62%) with moderate/severe OSA. The area under the ROC curves was 0.92 for ODI by PSG, 0.86 for ODI by PSG's oximetry and 0.78 for ODI by portable oximetry, to diagnose a moderate/severe OSA. All ODIs presented high specificity (1.0 for PSG, 0.90 for PSG's oximetry, 0.87 for portable oximetry) and moderate sensitivity (0.84 for PSG, 0.72 for PSG's oximetry, 0.60 for portable oximetry).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children referred for OSA, particularly in those with a pre-existing comorbidity, ODI obtained by an abbreviated method had high specificity for the diagnosis of moderate/severe OSA and might be used to prioritize the access to a comprehensive sleep recording. Its low sensitivity suggests that a comprehensive sleep exam must be performed in case of a negative test.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cochlear implants on speech and language outcomes in pre-lingually deafened Arabic-speaking children: a systematic review.","authors":"Nada A M Alsari","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09128-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09128-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cochlear implants have been proven to improve speech and language in children with severe-to-profound hearing loss. This review examines speech and language outcomes in prelingual Arabic-speaking children using cochlear implants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search for articles was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using search strings developed from topic keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search identified 247 articles from the databases, but only 8 studies were included in the review. Auditory performance was found to improve, particularly sound and speech detection, as observed in the post-implantation assessments. Speech perception improved with an increased ability to discriminate speech sounds and comprehend conversations without lip-reading. Moreover, word recognition and auditory integration improved as well as speech production skills in terms of vocabulary use, consonant articulation, and word combinations. Likewise, speech intelligibility results were positive, with several children showing better speech intelligibility post-cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Following CI, auditory skills, speech perception, speech production, listening skills, and speech intelligibility improved. Cochlear implants are a promising solution to reduce the effects of hearing loss in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum CXCL-1 as a predictive biomarker for glucocorticoid resistance in adenoids of patients with adenoid hypertrophy.","authors":"Peiqiang Liu, Yu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09130-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09130-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and glucocorticoid resistance, and to investigate the potential reasons for the suboptimal therapeutic response to intranasal glucocorticoids (INS) in pediatric patients with AH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study enrolled a cohort of 110 patients diagnosed with AH, all of whom underwent adenoidectomy at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between June 2023 and September 2023. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were employed to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and glucocorticoid receptors (GR, including GRα and GRβ) in adenoidal tissues. The Pearson correlation analysis was employed to ascertain the relationship between the levels of GR and inflammatory cytokines. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive efficacy of inflammatory cytokines in serum in assessing the glucocorticoid sensitivity and the expression of GR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the AH not associated with allergic rhinitis (AH-nAR) group, patients with AH-AR exhibit heightened eosinophilic inflammation and comorbid symptoms of AR. In patients with AH-nAR and those with poor glucocorticoid response, adenoidal tissues showed lower GRα expression and higher GRβ expression. Furthermore, IL-1β, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2 were simultaneously associated with a negative correlation with GRα, and a positive correlation with GRβ. Compared with IL-1β and CXCL-2, CXCL-1 in serum demonstrated a more significant predictive accuracy in discerning glucocorticoid sensitivity and evaluating the expression of GRα and GRβ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with AH-nAR and those with poor glucocorticoid response, evidence of glucocorticoid resistance is observed within adenoidal tissues. Serum CXCL-1 may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for glucocorticoid resistance in AH patients, suggesting that surgical intervention should be more heavily considered for this cohort of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-operative complications following endoscopic-assisted transoral resection of parapharyngeal space tumors: retrospective analysis of 100 patients.","authors":"Lifeng Li, Yanyong Gao, Nyall R London, Xiujuan Kou, Weiwei Wang, Hongbo Xu, Xiaohong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09142-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09142-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A transoral surgical corridor can provide adequate exposure for extirpation of benign tumors arising from the parapharyngeal space (PPS). However, peri-operative complications following a transoral approach to the PPS have not been sufficiently described. This study retrospectively reviewed patients with PPS tumor extirpated via an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach, aiming to evaluate the safety of this approach and summarize the peri-operative complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred consecutive patients who underwent an endoscopic-assisted transoral resection of PPS benign tumors at a university hospital were enrolled. Indices including intraoperative catastrophic bleeding, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak, post-operative respiratory airway swelling, cranial neural injury, operative field infection, oral suture dehiscence and venous thrombosis, were assessed from the date of surgery to 3 months after the surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumors in the PPS were safely and successfully removed via an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach for all 100 patients. Intra-operative CSF leak occurred in 3 patients, while the CSF leak was appropriately repaired intraoperatively without long-term post-operative CSF leak. No catastrophic bleeding, respiratory airway swelling, and operative field infection occurred. Cranial neuropathy occurred in 16 patients, five of whom fully recovered, while the remainder demonstrated permanent neural deficits. Oral suture dehiscence occurred in 13 patients, and all patients healed well after wound packing. Deep vein thrombosis was observed in three patients and pulmonary embolism in one patient, however, no severe consequences happened.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An endoscopic-assisted transoral corridor is safe and effective for benign tumor extirpation in the PPS with few peri-operative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and effectiveness of active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Van Cuong Nguyen, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Shinje Moon, Jung Hwan Park, Dong Sun Kim, Kyung Tae","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09141-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09141-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of active surveillance (AS) in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and compare them to those of immediate surgery (IS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis, including 14 comparative studies and 7 noncomparative studies, was conducted, encompassing a total of 9,397 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AS was associated with lower rates of familial history of thyroid cancer, multiplicity, and overall mortality compared to IS. The disease progression rate during AS was 14.53% (95% CI, 9.59-21.43%), and the delayed surgery rate was 14.91% (95% CI, 8.35-25.21%). No thyroid cancer-related mortality was observed in either the AS and IS groups. Clinicopathological characteristics showed no significant differences between delayed surgery and IS, except for higher rates of extrathyroidal extension and multiplicity in the delayed surgery group. Overall complication and recurrence rates were higher in the delayed surgery group than in the IS group. Quality of life and anxiety levels were similar between AS and IS, except for interest in sex, where AS was more beneficial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AS is a feasible and reliable option for managing low-risk PTC, with a relatively low rate of disease progression and no thyroid cancer-related mortality. However, AS should be undertaken with caution, given the higher rates of overall complications and recurrence in the delayed surgery group compared to the IS group. Further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are needed to clarify the role and effectiveness of AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of internet resources and artificial intelligence on information on myringotomy tubes.","authors":"Melissa Papuc, Patrick Scheffler","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09148-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-09148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the quality and readability of patient education materials on myringotomy tubes from artificial intelligence and Google search.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three questions were posed to ChatGPT and Google Gemini addressing \"Condition,\" \"Investigation,\" and \"Treatment\" domains. Google was queried for \"Ear tubes,\" \"Myringotomy and tubes,\" and \"Tympanostomy tubes.\" Text quality was assessed using the DISCERN instrument. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease scores, and the Fry Readability Graph.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average DISCERN score for websites was 52 (SD = 13.1, Median = 55.5), out of 80. The mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level was 8 (SD = 3, Median = 7.1), and the mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score was 55 (SD = 12.3, Median = 57.7). ChatGPT and Google Gemini's \"Condition\" responses each had DISCERN scores of 46, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Levels of 13.1 and 9.5, and Reading Ease scores of 41 and 61. For \"Investigation,\" DISCERN scores were 46 (ChatGPT) and 66 (Google Gemini), Grade Levels were 13.9 and 12.4, and Reading Ease scores were 38.9 and 34.9. For \"Treatment,\" ChatGPT and Google Gemini had DISCERN scores of 45 and 34, Grade Levels of 15.7 and 9.8, and Reading Ease scores of 36.2 and 53.9.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sites and artificial intelligence providing patient education material regarding myringotomy tubes are of \"fair\" quality but have readability levels above the recommended 6th grade level. Google search results were superior to artificial intelligence in readability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}