European Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic value of the FBG/HDL-C ratio for 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study with external validation.","authors":"Xiao-Jun Xiang, Li Ma, Xiao-Long Sun, Dong-Yu Ma, Meng-Yang Liu, Jian-Feng Li, Wen-Bo Zhang, Ping Xie","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04141-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04141-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysregulation in critical illness may involve early changes in early morning fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but the prognostic value of combining these measures is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed adult ICU patients from MIMIC-IV (v3.1) with FBG (03:00-07:59) and HDL-C measured within 24 h of admission. Using multivariable Cox models, we assessed the association between the FBG/HDL-C ratio and 28-day all-cause mortality, examining nonlinear effects via restricted cubic splines and exploratory mediation by white blood cell count (WBC) and blood-urea-nitrogen (BUN). Findings were externally validated in the eICU database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated FBG/HDL-C ratios were independently associated with 28-day all-cause mortality, with a nonlinear threshold identified at 5.934 and an AUC of 0.773. This association may be partially mediated by systemic inflammation and renal impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among critically ill patients with available FBG and HDL-C measurements, the FBG/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with short-term mortality, suggesting its potential as a supplementary risk stratification tool-though generalizability is limited by nonroutine HDL-C testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes duration modifies the association between serum osteocalcin and lumbar spine T-score in adults with type 2 diabetes: a community-based DXA study.","authors":"Luan Li, Zhenwei Zhou, Hailong Wu, Mingyue Wang, Guoliang Liu, Zhiyong Wang, Xuanpu Zhong, Zehao Guan, Haisi Dong, Zongjian Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04144-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40001-026-04144-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased fracture risk, but changes in bone mineral density (BMD) are site-specific and not always concordant with this risk. Osteocalcin (OCN) reflects bone turnover, yet its relationship with BMD in T2DM is heterogeneous. We examined whether diabetes duration modifies the association between OCN and BMD, with emphasis on the lumbar spine in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a community-based cross-sectional analysis (2017-2018) of 170 adults with T2DM and 170 non-diabetic controls. Diabetes status and duration were ascertained from community health service center medical records and corroborated by participant/family report. Non-diabetic controls were used for descriptive between-group comparisons and control-only models without diabetes-duration terms; duration-interaction analyses were restricted to the T2DM group. For the duration-interaction analyses, 144 participants with T2DM had available duration data (mean age 65.0 ± 7.6 years; 31.9% male). For descriptive presentation, diabetes duration was grouped as ≤ 5, 6-10, and > 10 years. Lumbar spine osteoporosis was defined as lumbar spine (L1-L4) T-score ≤  - 2.5, using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In participants with T2DM (n = 170), the mean lumbar spine T-score was lower than in non-diabetic controls (mean difference - 0.41; P = 0.015), whereas hip T-score was similar (P = 0.180). Within T2DM participants with available duration (n = 144), multivariable linear models showed a significant interaction between z-standardized ln(OCN) and diabetes duration on lumbar spine T-score (β_interaction = 0.049, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.012-0.086; P = 0.009), indicating attenuation of the inverse OCN-BMD association with longer duration. Simple slopes were - 0.70 at 2 years, - 0.35 at 9 years, and 0.18 at 20 years. On the probability scale, adjusted marginal probabilities of lumbar osteoporosis across osteocalcin quartiles and duration strata are reported descriptively; the OCN × duration interaction term was not statistically significant in logistic models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older community-dwelling adults with T2DM showed lower lumbar spine T-scores compared with non-diabetic controls, while hip T-scores were similar. Within T2DM, we observed an OCN × duration interaction for lumbar spine T-score, with a stronger inverse association at shorter duration and attenuation at longer duration. These cross-sectional findings warrant confirmation in longitudinal studies with fracture outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of α-blockers plus 5α-reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rubing Chen, Huiyuan Shen, Chen Wang, Shiqi Wang, Baojun Ju, Zulong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-03976-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03976-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with alpha-adrenergic blockers (α-ABs) and 5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), providing evidence-based support for clinical decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive computerized search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify relevant controlled trials published from database inception to September 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (ROB 2.0) tool. Outcome data were extracted, and statistical analysis was performed. The weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for continuous variables, while relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was computed for dichotomous variables. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 9 randomized controlled trials involving 13052 BPH patients were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that, compared with α-AB monotherapy, combination therapy showed significant advantages in reducing the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) (MD = -0.20, 95% CI -0.26, -0.14), decreasing prostate volume (PV) (MD = -13.69, 95% CI -18.06, -9.32), increasing the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) (MD = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13, 0.29), and lowering prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (MD = -1.38, 95% CI -1.81, -0.95). In terms of safety, combination therapy significantly reduced the postoperative surgical rate compared with monotherapy (logRR = -1.11,95% CI -1.42, -0.80), and the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) was lower in the combination therapy group (logRR = -1.08, 95% CI -1.48, -0.68). There was no significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular system-related adverse events between the two groups (logRR = -0.12,95% CI -0.26 to 0.03, P = 0.12). Publication bias assessment showed significant bias only for PV (Egger's test Z = -2.89, P = 0.004) and PSA (Egger's test Z = -3.33, P = 0.001). Moderate to high heterogeneity was observed for some outcomes, with sub-group analysis suggesting that follow-up duration may be a major source of heterogeneity for PV. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the pooled effect estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Combination therapy with α-ABs and 5α-RIs demonstrates superior efficacy compared with monotherapy in improving urinary symptoms, reducing prostate volume, increasing urinary flow rate, lowering PSA levels, and decreasing the risks of AUR and postoperative surgery, with a favorable safety profile. For BPH patients with severe symptoms and larger prostate volumes, combination therapy is recommended to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-eradication fecal homovanillic acid levels as a prognostic biomarker for long-term symptom improvement and inflammatory response in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated functional dyspepsia.","authors":"Hongjun Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04046-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04046-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Functional dyspepsia (FD) represents a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with pathogenic mechanisms involving gut-brain axis dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. Homovanillic acid (HVA), the terminal metabolite of dopamine, has been recently identified as being regulated by gut microbiota with consequent effects on neurological function. This study aimed to investigate whether post-eradication fecal homovanillic acid levels are associated with long-term symptom improvement and inflammatory marker changes in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated functional dyspepsia, and to explore the potential mechanisms through gut microbiota analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective cohort study enrolled 326 H. pylori-positive FD patients between January 2023 and June 2025. All patients received standard eradication therapy. Fecal HVA concentrations were measured 8-10 weeks post-eradication, and patients were stratified by the median value into high HVA (n = 163) and low HVA (n = 163) groups. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was employed to assess symptom changes at baseline, 2 months, and 12 months post-eradication. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing at 12 months post-eradication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The high HVA group demonstrated a significantly higher H. pylori eradication success rate compared to the low HVA group (92.6% vs 85.9%, P = 0.042). At 12 months post-eradication, the sustained symptom improvement rate was 58.3% in the high HVA group, significantly exceeding the 38.0% observed in the low HVA group (P &lt; 0.001). The GSRS total score in the high HVA group decreased from baseline 26.8 ± 9.7 to 20.1 ± 8.3 at 12 months (25.0% reduction), whereas the low HVA group showed a decline from 27.3 ± 10.2 to 23.6 ± 9.4 (13.6% reduction). Regarding inflammatory markers, the high HVA group exhibited reductions of 54.2%, 49.6%, 44.8%, and 51.9% for CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, respectively, all significantly greater than those in the low HVA group (29.4%, 26.5%, 22.5%, and 27.6%, all P &lt; 0.001). Fecal HVA concentration demonstrated negative correlations with the GSRS total score at 12 months (r = - 0.487) and inflammatory marker levels. The high HVA group displayed higher gut microbiota diversity at 12 months post-eradication, with significantly increased abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium (8.7% vs 5.2%) and Roseburia (4.3% vs 2.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that high HVA level (OR = 3.42, 95%CI 2.15-5.43) served as an independent predictor of sustained symptom improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Post-eradication fecal homovanillic acid levels are strongly associated with long-term symptom improvement and anti-inflammatory responses in H. pylori-associated FD patien","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in predicting clinical factors for hematoma enlargement in primary cerebral hemorrhage patients: a review.","authors":"Fa Wu, Yulin Yang, Tingting Wu, Rui Jiang, Jie Wu, Jinping Sheng, Hongmei Yu, Jialin Wu, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04095-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04095-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high mortality and disability rates. Hematoma expansion (HE) occurs in over 30% of sICH patients and serves as a critical predictor of poor outcomes. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on clinical factors predicting HE in sICH patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search of major databases from inception to December 2024. Included studies examined clinical, radiological, and biochemical factors associated with HE in sICH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple factors demonstrate predictive value for HE, including hematoma volume, irregular shape, ultra-early growth rate, coagulation status, blood pressure parameters, and specific imaging markers. Emerging technologies including advanced MRI and biomarker assays show promise for improved prediction. Multimodal prediction models incorporating clinical and imaging data demonstrate superior predictive accuracy compared to single parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early identification of HE risks factors enables targeted intervention and may improve clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on validating multimodal prediction tools and developing targeted therapies for high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of hemodialysis combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of uremia complicated with acute left heart failure and respiratory failure: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiuhong Peng, Haoxiang Xu, Zhicong Zhong, Shimiao Luo, Xin Li, Qian Zhang, Zheng Liu, Qingsen Gao","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04071-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04071-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uremic patients are prone to complicated acute left heart failure, with 30-50% progressing to respiratory failure. Conventional treatments struggle to rapidly correct volume overload and gas exchange disorders. The efficacy and safety of hemodialysis combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) remain controversial, necessitating evidence from evidence-based medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang Database, encompassing all records from their establishment up to June 2025. A total of 15 studies with 1444 participants were included. The experimental group was administered hemodialysis in combination with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), while the control group received conventional treatment or single hemodialysis/NPPV. Outcome measures comprised treatment success rate, oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂), serum creatinine, length of hospital stay, and adverse reaction rate. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Continuous data were presented as mean difference (MD), and categorical data as relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental group exhibited a significantly higher treatment success rate compared to the control group (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.48, P < 0.001, I² = 32%). Post-treatment, the oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂) in the experimental group was significantly elevated (MD = 68.42 mmHg, 95% CI 52.16-84.68, P < 0.001, I² = 28%). Serum creatinine levels in the experimental group were significantly lower (MD = -126.5 μmol/L, 95% CI -142.3 to -110.7, P < 0.001, I² = 41%). The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter (MD = -3.8 days, 95% CI -4.5 to -3.1, P < 0.001, I² = 15%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.76-1.73, P = 0.51, I² = 63%). Egger's test indicated no significant publication bias (P = 0.13), and the funnel plot was essentially symmetrical.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hemodialysis combined with NPPV can significantly improve the therapeutic effect in patients with uremia complicated with acute left heart failure and respiratory failure, with good safety, and is worthy of clinical promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between DASH diet adherence and sarcopenia: the mediating role of adiposity indices.","authors":"Yidan Liu, Chengqing Zhong, Shucheng Li, Li Yang, Wenhu Chen, Baiyuan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04134-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04134-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern demonstrates benefits beyond blood pressure regulation across multiple diseases, yet its relationship with sarcopenia remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations between DASH diet adherence, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, while investigating the potential mediating role of adiposity indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. Associations between DASH diet adherence and the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were evaluated using multivariable weighted logistic regression models. Restricted cubic splines were employed to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Mediation analysis was used to identify potential mediators, while comprehensive sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of our findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 8512 study participants (47.71% male, mean age 39.54 ± 11.56 years), 744 (7.52%) presented with sarcopenia and 517 (5.52%) with sarcopenic obesity. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, each unit increase in DASH diet score was associated with a 7.0% reduction in sarcopenia risk and an 8.0% reduction in sarcopenic obesity risk (OR (95% CI): 0.93 (0.90-0.95) and 0.92 (0.89-0.94), respectively; all P < 0.001). Adiposity indices-waist-to-height ratio and body roundness index-mediated 56.74% and 51.52% of these associations, respectively. The inverse associations between DASH diet adherence and sarcopenia remained consistent across sensitivity analyses and diverse subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to the DASH dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Further research is needed to confirm the DASH diet's efficacy as a preventive strategy against sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and potential mechanism of photobiomodulation therapy on cognitive deficits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ziyi Zhou, Weiming Zhang, Zhenwei Zhai, Fanjing Kong, Yanru Zhao, Ying Xu, Tao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04057-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04057-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has limited effective therapeutic options. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, a non-invasive light therapy, represents a potential strategy for neurological diseases; however, its preclinical findings have been inconsistent. While previous reviews have summarized PBM's potential, this study is the first quantitative meta-analysis synthesizing preclinical evidence of PBM therapy in AD animal models, evaluating its effects on cognitive and neuropathological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic search across seven electronic databases to identify all relevant studies. A meta-analysis of 16 eligible studies evaluated the effects of PBM on cognitive outcomes and key neuropathological markers. Subgroup analyses were stratified by animal model and interventions (wavelength, energy density).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 16 eligible studies, the meta-analysis found that PBM therapy significantly improved cognitive function (e.g., learning ability: MD =  - 7.18; 95% CI  - 9.87 to - 4.48), based on data from 386 animals. However, this was associated with significant heterogeneity (I² = 88%, p < 0.00001). PBM also significantly reduced Aβ deposition (SMD =  - 0.96; I² = 55%) and p-Tau levels (SMD =  - 2.24; I² = 14%). From a mechanistic standpoint, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is enhanced by PBM therapy. Subgroup analysis by animal model showed that PBM therapy was associated with greater improvement of learning and memory ability in transgenic animals. In different wavelengths, PBM using wavelengths greater than 750 nm showed numerically greater effects on learning ability. In different energy densities, PBM with an energy density less than or equal to 3 J/cm² was associated with greater improvement in learning ability and memory ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates that PBM has significant therapeutic potential for AD animal models by improving cognition and ameliorating key pathologies. The mechanisms likely involve mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function. While preclinical evidence strongly supports the efficacy of PBM, translation to humans requires careful optimization of treatment parameters and dose-response relationships. Further high-quality preclinical trials are crucial to validate the therapeutic potential of PBM for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and mortality in patients with heart failure and acute kidney injury.","authors":"Susu He, Yongkang Wang, Hui Li, Wei Zheng, Shifeng Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04106-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04106-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is used to measure acute glycemic response to physiological stress and has been found to relate to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the relationship between SHR and mortality risk in patients with heart failure (HF) combined with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between SHR and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with HF and AKI, and to evaluate its potential for improving existing predictive models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study enrolled qualifying individuals from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database and assigned them to four distinct groups based on SHR quartiles. The main endpoints included all-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days, with in-hospital mortality as the secondary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to assess the association between SHR and patient outcomes. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were applied to evaluate the predictive ability of SHR. Subgroup analysis was also conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study involved 1312 patients, of whom 791 (60.29%) were male. The patients in the highest SHR quartile had higher in-hospital (11.28% vs. 12.80% vs. 12.20% vs. 25.30%, P &lt; 0.001), 30-day (15.24% vs. 17.99% vs. 18.90% vs. 28.66%, P &lt; 0.001), and 90-day (22.87% vs. 23.48% vs. 25.91% vs. 33.23%, P = 0.009) all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis revealed that SHR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (per standard deviation (SD) increase: hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.41), 30-day mortality (per SD increase: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.36), and 90-day mortality (per SD increase: HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.28). RCS analysis revealed a linear association between SHR and mortality risk (P for nonlinearity &gt; 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the highest SHR quartile had significantly poorer survival outcomes. ROC analysis revealed that SHR had superior predictive value for mortality risk compared with admission glucose and HbA1c. Furthermore, incorporating SHR into established prediction models significantly improved reclassification performance and discriminative capacity. Subgroup analysis showed potential interactions between SHR and diabetes and renal disease (all P for interaction &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Increased SHR values are independently associated with all-cause mortality in individuals with HF and AKI. Routine SHR assessment not only enables the rapid identification of individuals at high risk but also facilitates the implementation of timely and targete","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruquintinib potentiates the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer by exacerbating DNA damage.","authors":"Qian Shen, Danwei Wang, Yang Zhao, Zeyuan Hao, Ruiyuan Zhang, Deqian Song, Aimin Tang, Guoliang Yao, Qian Han","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04075-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04075-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of fruquintinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, on colorectal cancer (CRC), and to determine whether this effect is mediated not only through anti-angiogenic activity but also via direct cellular mechanisms involving the modulation of DNA damage repair, while further assessing the synergistic inhibition of the combined treatment on malignant tumor cell phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CRC cell lines of primary (HCT-15) and metastatic (SW620) origin were treated with fruquintinib alone or combined with X-ray irradiation. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI staining), wound-healing assay, and Western blotting were used to assess cell viability, radiosensitivity, apoptosis, migration, and DNA damage. A nude mouse HCT-15 xenograft model was established to verify in vivo efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fruquintinib inhibited CRC cell viability dose- and time-dependently. Combined with irradiation, it significantly reduced cell survival, induced G0/G1 phase arrest, suppressed cell migration, and enhanced apoptosis. Western blotting showed fruquintinib administered concomitant with irradiation (FR)-upregulated γH2A.X expression, which was abrogated by DNA-PKcs silencing. In xenograft tumors, combined therapy significantly reduced tumor volume and weight without severe toxicity, and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fruquintinib acts as an effective radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer. Its mechanism involves the disruption of DNA damage repair in tumor cells. This study provides new evidence supporting the clinical combination of fruquintinib with radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}