European Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"A novel nomogram model to predict the risk factors for C5 palsy following anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a retrospective study.","authors":"Min Jia, Jinyu Wang, Dan Han, Yuan Wang, Jingchuan Sun, Kaiqiang Sun, Jiangang Shi","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04044-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04044-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>C5 palsy is a common and clinically significant complication following cervical decompression surgery. However, the relationship between this complication and the novel surgical technique, anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF), remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the incidence and independent risk factors of C5 palsy in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL) after ACAF, with the goal of facilitating early prevention and improving clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with C-OPLL who underwent ACAF at our institution between June 2018 and December 2020. Independent risk factors for postoperative C5 palsy were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for significant predictors were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to support clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 275 included patients, 12 (4.36%) developed C5 palsy. The median age was 51.0 years in the non-C5 palsy group and 56.5 years in the C5 palsy group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the maximum stenosis rate at the C4-5 spinal canal (MSRSC), preoperative spinal cord rotation angle (SCRA), left/right narrowest distance between the vertebral body and articular process at C5 (NDVA), and postoperative distance of dura mater beyond the facet joint (DDF). Binary logistic regression identified preoperative SCRA, NDVA, and postoperative DDF as independent risk factors for C5 palsy (P < 0.05). The combined diagnostic model showed the largest area under the curve (AUC), with sensitivity and specificity both exceeding 90%, demonstrating strong predictive performance. A nomogram was developed based on these independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established preoperative SCRA, NDVA, and postoperative DDF as independent risk factors for C5 palsy following ACAF and proposed a clinically applicable nomogram for risk prediction. To reduce the incidence of C5 palsy, we recommend performing slow and symmetric antedisplacement of the vertebral-OPLL complex combined with appropriate foraminotomy during ACAF. Future studies should assess the generalizability of these risk factors to other decompressive techniques for C-OPLL.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of interpretable machine-learning diagnostic models for erectile dysfunction based on routine blood and biochemical detection data.","authors":"Yanghao Tai, Bin Chen, Yingming Kong, Xue Yao, Jiwen Shang, Xiaoyan Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04118-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04118-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its high incidence, the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED) is impeded by current diagnostic constraints and patient hesitancy in seeking medical intervention. The integration of machine learning with standard blood and biochemical markers has demonstrated diagnostic efficacy across a spectrum of diseases, yet its application in ED remains unexplored. Based on data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, male respondents who did not meet the study criteria were excluded. The data set was allocated to training and test subsets at a proportion of 7 to 3. The Boruta algorithm was used for feature selection. Stepwise regression was used to initially screen for significant variables. Iterative testing and elimination based on the VIF and random forest, logistic regression, XGBoost, SVM, Gradient Boost, LightGBM, and CatBoost models were used to construct the models and evaluate their performance. The models were further interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis. This study included 945 individuals with ED and 2520 individuals without ED. Most of the routine blood and biochemical parameters differed between the non-ED and ED groups. The standardized net benefit thresholds for applying the CatBoost model ranged from 0 to 75%. Analysis of routinely measured blood and biochemical parameters revealed correlations of elevated glycohemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte distribution width levels with increased susceptibility to ED. This study reveals the potential role of routine blood and biochemical markers in the etiology of ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can FAPI-PET be used to evaluate cardiac fibroblast activation and predict left ventricular function in patients with cardiovascular diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shu Wang, Zhiming Cheng, Hao Sun, Yan Cui, Bulin Du, Yuxuan Zhao, Qiu Luan, Yuxiang Wang, Yaming Li, Xuena Li","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04040-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04040-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-PET is a novel imaging modality that targets FAP. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and synthesize the available data about the sensitivity and specificity of FAPI-PET in assessing cardiac fibroblast activation and predicting left ventricular function in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from the time the databases were created until December 19, 2025. The diagnostic performance of FAPI-PET was meta-analyzed with Python (version 3.12). Data management and numerical computations were carried out with pandas and NumPy; meta-analytic calculations and statistical tests were implemented using SciPy; and all figures (forest plots, subgroup analyses, Deeks'funnel plot, SROC curve, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses) were produced using Matplotlib.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 13 studies involving 256 patients, including 166 males with CVD. The age of the patients ranged from 23.0 to 76.1 years. The CVD patient-level pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of FAPI-PET in evaluating cardiac fibroblast activation were 0.91, 0.75 and 0.9358, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FAPI-PET in evaluating cardiac fibroblast activation in CAD patients were 0.96 and 0.82, respectively; those in non-CAD patients were 0.89 and 0.58, respectively. Multiple semiquantitative FAPI-PET uptake metrics were significantly correlated with LVEF. Among them, FAP volume (Pearson) demonstrated the best random effects pooled correlation estimate (-0.73), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 0%; τ² = 0.0000, p = 0.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FAPI-PET has high sensitivity, specificity and AUC in evaluating cardiac fibroblast activation in CVD. It has significant predictive value for LV function and can be used successfully for the early detection and assessment of activated fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO; No.: CRD42024561672; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of thromboelastography and systemic inflammatory indicators in chronic glomerulonephritis: a case-control study.","authors":"Mengyuan Ding, Xuelian Huang, Qi Xiao, Ting Wang, Xuzhou Fan, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04123-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04123-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the potential of thromboelastography (TEG) combined with systemic inflammatory indicators as clinically applicable and effective auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 838 subjects were enrolled in this study, comprising 419 patients diagnosed with CGN and 419 healthy controls. TEG was employed to assess coagulation function parameters, while an automated hematology analyzer was utilized to measure standard blood physiological indices. The systemic inflammation index was subsequently calculated. Using a case-control study design, the associations between TEG parameters, systemic inflammatory indicators, and CGN were systematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that among CGN patients, males accounted for 60.38% and females 39.62% (p = 0.133). The mean age of CGN patients was 41.60 ± 14.24 years, significantly lower than that of healthy controls (46.50 ± 12.73 years; p < 0.05). No significant differences in TEG parameters or inflammatory indicators were found across CGN subtypes. However, compared with the healthy control group, patients with CGN exhibited significantly elevated levels of systemic inflammatory indicators, including the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and white blood cell count (WBC), as well as increased coagulation function parameters, such as the clot formation rate (Angle) and maximum amplitude (MA) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), kinetics time (K), and Lysis exceeding 3% at 30 min (LY30) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a direct correlation have been observed between certain TEG parameters and inflammatory indicators in patients with CGN. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, Angle, MA, LY30, WBC, and SIRI as independent risk factors for CGN (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that combining age, TEG, and inflammatory indicators yielded an AUC of 0.782, with 73.9% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that TEG-related parameters and inflammatory indicators are significantly associated with the presence of CGN. The data and thresholds reported here can serve as a reference for future studies evaluating TEG and systemic inflammation indicators as biomarkers for CGN.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold effects of baseline BMI on 30-day hospital mortality in critically Ill COPD patients: a multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Pan Zhou, Xin Li, Zhe Deng","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04108-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04108-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite well-documented obesity paradoxes in critical illness, the precise relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential BMI thresholds associated with survival outcomes in this high-risk population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicenter cohort study analyzed 10,179 critically ill COPD patients from 208 U.S. hospitals in the eICU Collaborative Research Database (2014-2015). The exposure variable was BMI measured within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Covariates included demographics, laboratory parameters, disease severity scores, comorbidities, and treatments. Restricted cubic splines and two-piecewise linear regression models were used to identify non-linear BMI-mortality associations, with subgroup analyses stratified by 13 clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,179 patients (mean age 67.9 years; 50.0% male), overall ICU mortality was 5.6%. A BMI threshold of 20.8 kg/m² (95%CI 20.5-21.2) was identified. Below this threshold, each 1 kg/m² BMI increase was associated with 13% lower mortality risk (OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.80-0.93, P < 0.001). Above 20.8 kg/m², no association was observed (OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.01, P = 0.372). This threshold-dependent pattern remained consistent across all subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This retrospective analysis identified a BMI threshold of 20.8 kg/m² associated with differential ICU mortality risk in critically ill COPD patients. These observational findings may inform BMI-stratified risk assessment in ICU COPD populations, though prospective validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study of olaparib combined with intravesical perfusion in the treatment of secondary bladder cancer after kidney transplantation: preliminary observations and discussion.","authors":"Sheng Zeng, Zhaoliang Xu, Shaoqiang Xing, Yifei Zhang, Jiayi Liu, Yacong Zhang, Qian Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04029-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04029-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The incidence of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation is high, but there is a lack of ideal treatment options.This study is an exploratory case series aiming to preliminarily observe the clinical manifestations and safety profile of Olaparib combined with intravesical perfusion in treating secondary bladder cancer post-kidney transplantation, so as to generate scientific hypotheses for subsequent research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center preliminary study that analyzed the clinical data of 7 patients with secondary bladder cancer after kidney transplantation who received Olaparib combined with intravesical perfusion therapy. Seven patients with secondary bladder cancer after kidney transplantation were enrolled. Pathologically, 6 cases were high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and 1 case was small cell carcinoma complicated with high-grade non-invasive bladder cancer. Genetic testing showed 4 patients carried Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) gene mutations, while 3 were negative. All received Olaparib combined with intravesical chemotherapy. Only descriptive follow-up was performed to monitor treatment responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median PFS of all patients was 15.8 months, with 15.7 months in HRR-mutated patients and 16 months in non-mutated ones. Tumor recurrence occurred in Patient 1 (20 months post-treatment) and Patient 7 (14 months post-treatment). Patient 4 discontinued Olaparib at 18 months without metastasis or recurrence during follow-up. All patients had varying drug-related AEs, but no Grade 4/5 severe events were reported, and renal allograft function remained normal throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Olaparib combined with intravesical perfusion showed certain disease control effects in these 7 patients. However, limitations including small sample size, lack of a control group, and no predefined endpoints resulted in insufficient statistical power, so the findings are preliminary and hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific associations between CBC-derived inflammatory markers and the prevalence of myocardial infarction in US adults.","authors":"Xu Cheng, Qiong Wei, Dongmei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04081-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04081-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationships between inflammatory markers obtained from complete blood count (CBC) and the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2020. A total of 46,697 US adults were enrolled, including 1824 with self-reported physician-diagnosed MI history. Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and five other CBC-derived inflammatory indices were included. Logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis were applied to examine the association between these indices and MI prevalence with adjustments for potential confounding variables. Interaction analysis was used to verify the sex-specific effect modification and mediation analysis was performed to explore the mediating role of metabolic diseases including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After full adjustment for confounding factors, elevated SIRI, NLR, MLR, and NMLR were significantly positively associated with MI prevalence (all P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed nonlinear dose-response relationships between SIRI, MLR, SII, and MI prevalence (all P for non-linearity < 0.05). Significant sex-specific heterogeneity was observed. SIRI, NLR, NMLR, and SII had markedly stronger positive correlations with MI in females than males (all P for interaction < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated metabolic diseases mediated approximately one-quarter to one-third of the SIRI-MI history association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a significant link between CBC-derived inflammation markers and MI prevalence, with sex acting as a key modifier. Further longitudinal research is crucial to assess the utility of these accessible, low-cost indicators in routine cardiovascular risk assessment and to clarify causal pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and bile acid levels with HCC risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ying Cao, You Deng, Hong Zhao, Ligai Liu, Wen Xie","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04093-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04093-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholestasis-related parameters are indicators of liver inflammation and damage, which contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the association between key cholestasis-related parameters and the risk of new-onset HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 15, 2024, for eligible studies investigating the association between alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids (BA), and total bilirubin (TB) and incident HCC. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Random-effects model was used to pooled the estimates, and sensitivity analysis was conducted using fixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 4053 entries, 155 studies were included (3,808,988 individuals). After confounder adjustment, elevated ALP (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-3.75), GGT (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 2.15-3.08), and TB (HR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.36-2.61) were associated with increased risks of new-onset HCC, consistent with sensitivity analysis using fixed effects models. The multivariable analyses of ALP, GGT, and TB as continuous variables showed no associations with the risk of HCC. In multivariable analyses using the most commonly employed cutoffs, GGT > 50 U/L (HR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.55-4.06) and TB > 1.2 mg/dL (HR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.67-5.20) were independently associated with incident HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis suggests that elevated ALP, GGT, and TB might be associated with new-onset HCC, emphasizing the importance of monitoring these cholestasis-related parameters in clinical practice. BA could not be analyzed due to the small number of studies and the differences in reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sestrin2 inhibits ferroptosis to alleviate hypertension via AMPK/Nrf2/GPX4 axis activation.","authors":"Yuan Li, Ju Yan, Fengchao Wu, Yongyong Zhao, Jie Qi, Zhenyu Wang, Yaozhang Guo, Haoyu Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04090-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04090-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advances in antihypertensive therapies, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major global health challenge, particularly among older adults. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death, has been implicated in age-related vascular dysfunction, but its regulatory mechanisms in hypertension are unclear. This study investigates Sestrin2, a highly conserved stress-induced protein linked to cellular senescence, in regulating ferroptosis in hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mouse model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were established. Blood pressure was measured via the tail-cuff system, and vascular injury was assessed by H&E staining. Ferroptosis markers (ROS, Fe²⁺, MDA, and GSH) and mitochondrial morphology were analyzed. Co-immunoprecipitation assays (Co-IP) were used to analyze the interaction between Sestrin2 and AMPK in HUVECs cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sestrin2 and ferroptosis were elevated in hypertensive mice and HUVECs. Inhibition of ferroptosis using ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) improved angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Furthermore, Sestrin2 colocalized with the endothelial cell marker CD31 in the thoracic aortas. Overexpression of Sestrin2 inhibited, whereas its knockdown promoted, ferroptosis in Ang II-induced HUVECs. Additionally, Sestrin2 overexpression partially restored normal mitochondrial morphology. Co-IP experiments revealed that Sestrin2 interacts with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly downregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and FTH1 expression, and upregulated Fe²⁺ levels. In vivo, Sestrin2 overexpression prevented Ang II-induced ferroptosis and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sestrin2 inhibits ferroptosis to prevent hypertension by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric nasal button battery injuries: a 10-year retrospective study and in vitro evaluation of prehospital mitigation strategies.","authors":"Lai Xueyou, Huang Zhenhui, Jia Desheng, Li Zenan, Wang Xin, Chen Yongchao, Pan Hongguang, Zeng Nan, Yan Shang","doi":"10.1186/s40001-026-04110-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-04110-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize pediatric nasal button battery impactions and evaluate, in an in vitro septum model, the efficacy of household reagents in mitigating alkaline-induced injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 230 pediatric cases over ten years. Demographic characteristics, presentation times, and complications were recorded. In vitro, sheep septal cartilage segments (2-3 mm thick) were immersed in saline at 36 °C and exposed to a 3 V button battery for 15, 30, 45, or 60 min to determine the critical injury window. In the 30 min group, interventions with honey, MOH (a honey-olive oil mixture), vinegar, vitamin D, glycerin, and saline were applied, and the tissue pH, residual battery voltage, and injury depth were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 230 children revealed that 61.7% were male, 97.8% were aged 1-5 years, and 87.4% presented within 24 h of battery impaction; the incidence of nasal septal perforation was 16.5%. In vitro experiments identified 30 min as the critical window for rapid tissue injury progression, with a mean injury depth of 2160 ± 43.8 μm. Intervention assays demonstrated that honey (685.3 ± 92.2 μm), MOH (1038 ± 145.1 μm), and glycerin (1275 ± 39.6 μm) significantly reduced injury depth without breaching the perichondrial layer. Honey and MOH best neutralized the pH, whereas glycerin and vitamin D inhibited battery discharge the most. Saline, vinegar, or vitamin D alone had no protective effect on depth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alkaline burns from nasal button batteries progress rapidly within 30 min. Household reagents-especially honey, MOH, or glycerin-neutralize pH, inhibit discharge, and attenuate tissue damage. In prehospital settings where immediate care is delayed, early application of honey, MOH, or glycerin is recommended to minimize severe complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11949,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}