Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"A Machine Learning-Based Clustering Analysis to Explore Bisphenol A and Phthalate Exposure from Medical Devices in Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.","authors":"Wei-Chun Chou,J William Gaynor,Eric M Graham,Brenna Klepczynski,Tia Walker,Eric S Coker,Richard F Ittenbach,Zhoumeng Lin","doi":"10.1289/ehp15034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15034","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPlastic-containing medical devices are commonly used in critical care units and other patient care settings. Patients are often exposed to xenobiotic agents that are leached out from plastic-containing medical devices, including bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. Given the potential health implications, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of this exposure.OBJECTIVESThis multi-institutional study aimed to determine the time-dependent concentrations and analyze the exposure patterns of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate metabolites in urine obtained from infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery during the peri-operative period.METHODWe collected daily urine samples from infants with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery during the peri-operative period (from birth to 21 days) and measured BPA, DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP), and non-DEHP phthalate metabolites (MBP, MBzP, MMP, MEP, MCPP) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Machine learning-based cluster analysis was utilized to analyze these time-dependent data.RESULTSUtilizing a machine learning-based clustering approach, six distinct clustering groups were identified among infants exhibiting similar time-series toxicokinetic exposure patterns. These distinct clustering groups correlated with the utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as well as the intensity of medical care. Notably, clustering groups associated with ECMO use demonstrated elevated levels of urinary BPA and DEHP metabolites compared to those without ECMO use, a trend not observed with non-DEHP metabolites. Moreover, peak concentrations in toxicokinetic profiles were associated with intensity of medical care.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that dynamic changes of urinary BPA and DEHP metabolites corresponded to the type and number of medical devices used in infants. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential toxicological risks of infants with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery exposed to these chemicals in medical devices. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15034.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the role of relative and absolute humidity in heat-related mortality: A case time series study in South Korea.","authors":"Jieun Min,Whanhee Lee,Jieun Oh,Cinoo Kang,Eunhee Ha","doi":"10.1289/ehp15827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15827","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDespite strong physiological plausibility, epidemiology studies have reported inconsistent associations of humidity with heat-related health outcomes. In this regard, there has been a heated debate on which humidity metric to use in epidemiological research.OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to compare the role of two common humidity metrics, relative and absolute humidity, in heat-related mortality in summer using a nationwide mortality dataset.METHODSWe applied a case time-series design for summer (June to September) mortality across the entire 229 districts of South Korea from 2011 to 2019. The temperature was fitted using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with 10 lag days. A linear interaction between the cross-basis of temperature and humidity was included in each model to examine the different patterns of association between heat and mortality by humidity level (low and high humidity defined by 5th and 95th percentile of each humidity distribution).RESULTSA total of 780,102 deaths were recorded in the summer from 2011 to 2019, in South Korea. The association between extreme heat (temperature approximately above the 99th percentile of the temperature distribution) and mortality was modified more by absolute humidity than by relative humidity, although the effect modification of both humidity indicators was not statistically significant. The relative risks (95% confidence interval) at the 99.9th percentile temperature compared to the minimum mortality temperature were 1.21 (1.11, 1.31) and 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) for low and high relative humidity, respectively, and 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) and 1.25 (1.15, 1.34) for low and high absolute humidity, respectively.DISCUSSIONOur findings provide epidemiological evidence on the role of relative and absolute humidity in heat-related mortality and suggest that absolute humidity may be more appropriate metric than relative humidity when assessing health impact.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15827.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between perfluorooctanoic acid-related poor embryo quality and metabolite alterations in human follicular fluid during IVF：A Cohort Study.","authors":"Junting Xu,Qiaoling Wang,Xianting Jiao,Pengcheng Kong,Siyu Chen,Wanli Yang,Wenqiang Liu,Kunming Li,Xiaoming Teng,Yi Guo","doi":"10.1289/ehp15422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15422","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been shown to disrupt normal follicular development and ovulation. However, it is unknown which specific PFAS in follicular fluid negatively impact oocyte development and embryo quality or whether any of the metabolites present in the follicular fluid contribute to these adverse effects.OBJECTIVESWe conducted a cross-sectional and cohort study to identify specific PFAS with significant adverse effects on embryo quality and their associated modes of action.METHODSWe enrolled 378 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) and collected follicular fluid samples during oocyte retrieval. We performed PFAS detection and untargeted metabolomics on the follicular fluid. The association of individual PFAS with high-quality embryo rates and clinical pregnancy outcomes were assessed using beta regression and logistic regression, respectively, and potential joint effect of mixtures of PFAS using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and Quantile g-computation models. A causal mediation effect model was performed to estimate the average indirect impact of PFAS, mediated by high-quality embryo rates, on the clinical pregnancy outcomes, as well as its direct impact representing all other causal effects. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to identify the associations between the differentially expressed metabolites and the high-quality embryo rates.RESULTSThe detection frequencies of 15 PFAS exceeded 85%, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) had the highest median concentration (6.54 ng/mL). The PFAS mixture was negatively associated with the high-quality embryo rate, and PFOA was the major contributor (conditional posterior inclusion probability = 0.97295). PFAS was also negatively associated with the clinical pregnancy outcome, and the causal mediation analysis revealed that the embryo quality potentially mediated the relationship between the clinical pregnancy outcome with PFOA (proportion mediated: 0.181, 95% CI: 0.024, 0.755), Perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA, proportion mediated: 0.148, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.656), or Perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA, proportion mediated: 0.130, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.693). The decreased organonitrogens (Pro-Trp and lauryldimethylamine oxide) and sphingolipids metabolites (phytosphingosine, N-myristoylsphinganine and N-lauroyl-d-erythro-sphinganine) in the follicular fluid were associated with PFOA related-poor embryo quality.CONCLUSIONSHigh exposure to follicular fluid PFAS was negatively correlated with embryo quality during ART, with PFOA likely to be the major contributor. PFOA-related poor embryo quality was associated with the reduction of organonitrogens and sphingolipids metabolites that are crucial for the maintenance of normal cell growth and metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15422.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect modification of serum omega-3 fatty acids on the associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers mixture and pregnancy outcomes among women seeking fertility care.","authors":"Xilin Shen,Maximilien Génard-Walton,Paige L Williams,Jennifer B Ford,Irene Souter,Yazeed Allan,Antonia M Calafat,Dan Zhang,Jorge E Chavarro,Russ Hauser,Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón","doi":"10.1289/ehp15942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15942","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPhthalate exposures are ubiquitous and have been associated with pregnancy complications. Interaction between serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3PUFA) and phthalate biomarkers is biologically plausible because both can bind to human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) which are involved in placenta development. However, evidence of this interaction in humans is lacking.OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether serum n3PUFA modifies the associations of biomarkers of phthalate exposure on pregnancy outcomes.METHODSAmong 351 women undergoing in vitro fertilization in the Environment and Reproductive Health study (2004-2017), we evaluated the effect modification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the association of pregnancy outcomes with the mixture of urinary concentrations of phthalate biomarkers by quantile g-computation. All models were adjusted for age, body mass index, prior smoking, infertility diagnosis, treatment year, and urinary specific gravity.RESULTSConcentrations of the phthalate biomarkers mixture were associated with higher adjusted probabilities of pregnancy loss and lower estimated probabilities of live birth among women with serum EPA+DHA in the lowest tertile (< 2.66% of total fatty acids), but not among women with middle-to-high serum EPA+DHA (p interactions = 0.06 and 0.15, respectively). Among women in the lowest tertile of serum EPA+DHA, the adjusted probability [95% confidence interval (CI)] of pregnancy loss for women in the lowest and highest quartile of phthalates mixtures was 5% (2%, 16%) and 44% (23%, 85%), respectively (p trend = 0.01). The corresponding estimates were 14% (5%, 41%) and 11% (3%, 42%) among women with serum EPA+DHA in the highest tertile (⩾ 3.78% of total fatty acids) (p trend = 0.81). Similar trends were observed for live birth but not for implantation and clinical pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests adverse effects of phthalate exposure on pregnancy loss and live birth may be attenuated by intakes of n3PUFA. These results, if replicated, could inform clinical practice reducing the burden of infertility by phthalate exposure among the general population and improving pregnancy outcomes among subfertile couples.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15942.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state of the science review of wildfire-specific fine particulate matter data sources, methods, and models.","authors":"Ava Orr,Claire E Adam,Jon Graham,Zachary A Holden,Lu Hu,Zeina Jaffer,Cindy Leary,Christopher T Migliaccio,Katrina Mullan,Curtis Noonan,Erin O Semmens,Shawn Urbanski,Ethan Walker,Erin L Landguth","doi":"10.1289/ehp15672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15672","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDespite progress in reducing industrial air pollution, rising wildfire frequency and intensity driven in part by climate change, pose significant health risks. Accurate estimates of wildfire-generated PM2.5 are needed for advancing health research, policymaking, and environmental protection.OBJECTIVEThis review evaluates existing methodologies and data sources for estimating wildfire-generated PM2.5, aiming to improving accuracy and accessibility for health research, policy development, and environmental management strategies.METHODSWe conducted a systematic literature search across Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase (January 2018 to March 2024) using keywords such as \"PM2.5 exposure,\" and \"wildfire PM2.5.\" Studies were included if they were publicly available, focused on North America (primarily the U.S.), and provided wildfire-attributable PM2.5 data. Of 2,757 articles identified, 418 full texts were screened, and 33 met inclusion criteria. Four studies offered wildfire-specific estimates PM2.5, one dataset was excluded due to accessibility issues, leaving three (Aguilera, Childs, Zhang) for analysis. We processes data using R at the Zip Code level for consistency and examined total and wildfire-specific and total PM2.5 estimates for California in 2010 (low fire activity) and 2018 (high fire activity), focusing on Los Angeles (densely monitored) and Modoc (no monitors) counties. Analyses included Pearson correlation, cross-correlation and Granger causality to assess temporal relationships and consistency.RESULTSFrom the 33 studies included, three main estimation approaches emerged: chemical extraction, thresholding, and integration of satellite and fire-specific data (e.g., smoke plumes, fire perimeters). Most studies combined ground-based monitor data, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and explanatory data like meteorology and land use. The three public datasets indicated that in California, wildfire-specific PM2.5 contributed 11.2% - 36.9% of total PM2.5 in 2010, and 13.7 - 21.2% in 2018 with stronger agreement in 2018. Correlations were stronger in Modoc County (no monitors) (0.44 - 0.51 in 2010; 0.79 - 0.88 in 2018) than in Los Angeles County (densely populated area, 20 EPA monitors, where correlations ranged from 0.19 - 0.21 in 2010 and 0.54 - 0.79 in 2018). Overall, the datasets estimating total PM2.5 were more consistent than wildfire-specific PM2.5 estimates.CONCLUSIONSWe offer a review of current data sources used for wildfire-specific PM2.5 estimation and compare publicly available datasets. As expected, the contribution of wildfire smoke to overall PM2.5 increased with wildfire activity. However, limited publicly available datasets hinders comprehensive comparisons and generalizations for health research and outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15672.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unveiling Multipollutant Risks and Sociodemographic Influences in California.","authors":"Karl O'Sharkey,Sanjali Mitra,Ting Chow,Laura Thompson,Jason Su,Myles Cockburn,Beate Ritz","doi":"10.1289/ehp15573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15573","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of increasing prevalence worldwide. Air pollution may be a major contributor to the rise in ASD cases. This study investigated how the risk of ASD from prenatal and early postnatal exposure to specific air pollutants is being modified by key sociodemographic factors exploring vulnerable exposure periods.METHODSWe conducted a California (CA) population-based cohort study of 44,173 ASD cases among 2,371,379 children born between 2013-2018 (CA birth registry) linked to CA Department of Developmental Services (DDS) records to extract ASD diagnoses prior to the end of 2022. Prenatal and 1-year postnatal air pollution exposures (fine particulate matter - PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide - NO2, and Ozone - O3) were estimated using an advanced land-use regression (LUR) spatiotemporal model with machine learning. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for four models: single-pollutant at a single-period (prenatal or postnatal), multi-pollutant at a single-period, single-pollutant with dual-periods (prenatal and postnatal), and multi-pollutant with dual-time period co-adjustment, adjusting for relevant individual and regional covariates.RESULTSPrenatal and postnatal PM2.5 exposure increased ASD odds in all models. NO2 was associated with ASD pre- and postnatally in single and multi-pollutant but postnatally only in dual time period models. In contrast, O3 showed the opposite pattern of NO2 with slightly negative associations in single and multi-pollutant models that turned positive for the prenatal period in dual time period models. The postnatal NO2 effect was strongest among Black and Hispanic children, suggesting higher contributions from traffic-related exposures.CONCLUSIONSExposure to specific air pollutants during pregnancy and in the postnatal periods are associated with an increased risk of ASD, with sociodemographic differences potentially highlighting exposure hot spots and sources as well as subpopulation vulnerabilities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15573.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal exposure to lead or diethylhexyl phthalate in mice: Sex-specific effects on cardiac DNA methylation and gene expression across time.","authors":"Kai Wang,Minghua Li,Maureen A Sartor,Justin A Colacino,Dana C Dolinoy,Laurie K Svoboda","doi":"10.1289/ehp15503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15503","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGlobal and site-specific changes in DNA methylation and gene expression are associated with cardiovascular development, aging, and disease, but how the transcriptome and epigenome of the heart change across the life course in males vs. females, and how chemical exposures early in life influence this programming, have not yet been investigated.OBJECTIVESWe used an established mouse model of developmental exposures to investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to either lead (Pb) or diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), two ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are both strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), on DNA methylation and gene expression across the life course in whole hearts.METHODSDams were randomly assigned to receive human physiologically relevant levels of Pb (32 ppm in water), DEHP (25 mg/kg chow), or control water and chow. Exposures started two weeks prior to mating and continued until weaning at postnatal day 21 (3 weeks of age). Approximately 1 male and 1 female offspring per litter were followed to 3 weeks, 5 months, or 10 months of age, at which time whole hearts were collected (n ≥ 5 per sex per exposure). Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (ERRBS) was used to assess the cardiac DNA methylome at 3 weeks and 10 months, and RNA-seq was conducted at all 3 time points. MethylSig and edgeR were used to identify age-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, within each sex and exposure group. Cell type deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data was conducted using the MuSiC algorithm and publicly available single cell RNA-seq data.RESULTSThousands of DMRs and hundreds of DEGs were identified in control, DEHP, and Pb-exposed hearts across time between 3 weeks and 10 months of age. A closer look at the genes and pathways showing differential DNA methylation revealed that the majority were unique to each sex and exposure group. Overall, pathways governing development and differentiation changed across time in all conditions. A small number of genes in each group showed significant differences in DNA methylation and gene expression with life stage, including several that were different in toxicant-exposed but not control mice. We also observed subtle, but significant differences in the proportion of several cell types that were associated with life stage, sex, or developmental exposure.DISCUSSIONTogether these data suggest that gene expression and DNA methylation programs, as well as cellular composition, may differ across the life course, long after cessation of exposure, in perinatal Pb or DEHP exposed mice compared to controls and highlight potential biomarkers of developmental toxicant exposures; however, additional studies are required for confirmation. Further studies are also needed to investigate how epigenetic and transcriptional differences impact cardiovascular health across the life course, particularly in old age, when the","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.","authors":"Melissa R Fiffer,Jie Chen,Emily L Silva,Rachel C Nethery,Qi Sun,Peter James,Stephanie T Grady,Jeff D Yanosky,Joel D Kaufman,Francine Laden,Jaime E Hart","doi":"10.1289/ehp15673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15673","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDResearch has detected associations between air pollution exposure and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but findings from large cohort studies are needed to ascertain the most influential pollutants, susceptible subpopulations, and low-level exposure associations. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and T2DM incidence in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) cohorts of U.S. women.METHODSMonthly PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were predicted from spatiotemporal models and linked to participants' residential addresses. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between 24-month moving average PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and self-reported, clinician diagnosed T2DM from 1992-2019. We adjusted for time-varying lifestyle factors, reproductive hormonal factors, and individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Results were meta-analyzed. We evaluated whether relationships persisted at levels below the current U.S. EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Lastly, we examined multiplicative and additive interactions by body mass index (BMI), smoking status, physical activity, neighborhood SES, and region.RESULTSOver follow-up, there were 19,083 incident T2DM cases among the 208,733 women in NHS and NHSII. In fully-adjusted single pollutant models, the HR for an interquartile range (IQR=4.9 µg/m3) higher 24-month average PM2.5 exposure was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.08) for incident T2DM. The HR for an IQR (7.3 ppb) higher NO2 exposure was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09). Both associations were robust to co-adjustment. Associations remained stable when restricting to PM2.5 levels below the NAAQS as compared to the full dataset. Stronger associations were observed in individuals who had a BMI ≥30, were physically active, and resided in the Northeast.CONCLUSIONSOur results showed a positive association between T2DM and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, persisting even at levels below the current EPA NAAQS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15673.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Potential Chemicals of Concern in Children's Products in a Regulatory Context: A Systematic Evidence Mapping Approach.","authors":"Gabrielle Rigutto, Elena Galkina, Logan V Hayes, Simona Andreea Bălan","doi":"10.1289/EHP15394","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children's vulnerability to chemical toxicant exposures demands strong consideration of the chemical composition of products designed for and marketed toward them. Inadequacies in health-protective legislation and lack of mandatory ingredient disclosure in most children's products have created significant gaps in protection and oversight. Scientific literature can provide insight into the chemical constituency of children's products that may be useful for prioritizing future regulatory efforts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to present a proof of concept for applying systematic evidence mapping methodology to identify which chemicals of potential concern have been reported in the scientific literature to be present in products marketed toward children, compile a compendium of data to inform future regulatory efforts, and identify research needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a broad, all-encompassing survey of the available literature from four databases to identify chemicals present in children's products. Using systematic evidence mapping methodologies, we constructed a database of children's products and their chemical constituents (termed \"product-chemical combinations\") based on a broad survey of current and relevant environmental health literature. Our study focused on chemicals listed on the California Safer Consumer Products Program's Candidate Chemicals List, which includes chemicals with one or more known hazard traits. We then conducted an exploratory data analysis of product category and product-chemical combination frequencies to identify common chemicals in specific products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic evidence mapping identified 206 potentially hazardous chemicals in children's products, 170 of which were found in toys. In total, we found 1,528 distinct product-chemical combinations; 582 product-chemical combinations included chemicals known to be hazardous or potentially hazardous. Ortho-phthalates in plastic toys, parabens in children's creams and lotions, and bisphenols in both baby bottles and teethers were the most frequently encountered product-chemical combinations of potential concern.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The frequently reported presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in multiple types of children's products raises concerns for aggregate exposures and reveals gaps in regulatory protections for this sensitive subpopulation. Our reproducible and systematic evidence-based approach serves as a case study that can guide other prioritization efforts for transparent regulatory action aimed at improving the safety of chemicals in consumer products. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15394.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"56001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Methodologies for Cumulative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Noncarcinogenic Health Risks from Volatile Organic Compounds in Fenceline Communities in Southeastern Pennsylvania.","authors":"Andrea A Chiger, Carolyn Gigot, Ellis S Robinson, Mina W Tehrani, Megan Claflin, Edward Fortner, Harald Stark, Jordan Krechmer, Manjula R Canagaratna, Scott Herndon, Tara I Yacovitch, Kirsten Koehler, Ana M Rule, Thomas A Burke, Mary A Fox, Peter F DeCarlo, Keeve E Nachman","doi":"10.1289/EHP14696","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cumulative risk assessment (CRA) is key to characterizing health risks in fenceline and disadvantaged communities, which face environmental pollution and challenging socioeconomic conditions. Traditional approaches for inclusion of mixtures in CRA are limited and only assess the most sensitive target organ system for each chemical.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an expanded approach to cumulative risk assessment that considers all known target organ systems associated with a chemical. Specifically, we created a multi-effects toxicity database by <i>a</i>) compiling toxicological and epidemiological data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Toxicological Profiles and the Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) CompTox Chemicals Dashboard; <i>b</i>) developing a tiering system to prioritize identified data for use in developing toxicity values; and <i>c</i>) accounting for uncertainty to create toxicity values for additional target organ systems. We demonstrated differences between the traditional approach and our expanded approach by using state-of-the-art mobile monitoring data from our Southeastern Pennsylvania Hazardous Air Pollutant Monitoring and Assessment Project (SEPA HAP-MAP) to conduct a cumulative risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 32 chemicals quantified in SEPA HAP-MAP, 28 were represented in our multi-effects toxicity database, whereas only 16 were included using a traditional approach. In total, we derived toxicity values for 172 chemical-target organ system combinations. Our expanded approach found neurological, renal, respiratory, endocrine, and systemic risks (hazard index <math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>) in SEPA HAP-MAP fenceline communities, whereas no risks were identified using a traditional approach limited to the most sensitive target organ systems only.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that traditional approaches to CRA underestimate health risks in fenceline and other highly exposed communities and highlight the need for improved methods to inform health-protective and just risk management decisions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14696.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57004"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}