Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal and childhood phthalate mixtures and adolescent sleep health in The HOME Study.","authors":"Clara G Sears, Jessie P Buckley, Kim M Cecil, Heidi J Kalkwarf, Yingying Xu, Aimin Chen, Kimberly Yolton, Joseph M Braun","doi":"10.1289/EHP15221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The biological mechanisms linking early life phthalate exposure with adverse behaviors and cardiometabolic conditions also impact sleep health, but whether early-life exposure impacts adolescent sleep is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated whether gestational and childhood urinary phthalate metabolite mixtures were associated with sleep characteristics during adolescence. We also examined periods of heightened susceptibility to individual phthalates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the HOME Study (Cincinnati, Ohio; 2003-2006; n=156), we quantified urinary metabolites of 8 parent phthalate diesters during pregnancy (16- and 26-weeks) and childhood (ages 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 8-, and 12-years). Using regression-calibration approaches, we estimated average measurement-error corrected phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and childhood. We used wrist-actigraphy to assess sleep characteristics for one-week among participants at age 12. Using quantile-based g-computation, we estimated covariate-adjusted differences in sleep efficiency (%), sleep fragmentation index scores (%), and sleep duration (minutes) per quartile increase in all phthalate metabolite concentrations (Ψ), and weights indicating the contribution of each metabolite to Ψ. Using multiple informant models, we examined whether associations between individual phthalate metabolites and sleep characteristics varied by timing of exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing all gestational phthalate metabolites by a quartile was associated with lower sleep efficiency (Ψ = -1.3%; 95%CI= -2.4, -0.3) and higher sleep fragmentation (Ψ =1.6%; 95%CI=0.3, 3.0); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites contributed most to these relations. Higher childhood phthalate metabolite mixture quartiles were associated with shorter sleep duration (Ψ = -21 minutes; 95%CI= -34, -9); monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) contributed most to this association. We found that higher DEHP metabolite concentrations during pregnancy were more strongly related with higher sleep fragmentation than childhood concentrations. In contrast, higher MEP and MnBP concentrations during childhood, but not pregnancy, were consistently associated with shorter sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and childhood were associated with poorer adolescent sleep health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15221.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Disparities in Exposures to Inorganic Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems.","authors":"Mona Q Dai, Xindi C Hu, Brent A Coull, Chris Campbell, David Q Andrews, Olga V Naidenko, Elsie M Sunderland","doi":"10.1289/EHP14793","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maximum contaminant level violations occur more frequently among some public water systems (PWS) serving marginalized communities across the United States. Spatially resolved PWS service area data are now available, allowing for better understanding of relationships between sociodemographic factors and water quality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined associations between detection and concentration of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) and the sociodemographic characteristics of residents served by PWS at two spatial scales: PWS service areas and counties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We leveraged data on inorganic contaminants in >273,000 drinking water samples from >21,000 PWS collected by state agencies and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency over the decade between 2005-2015 and curated in a national database developed by the Environmental Working Group. Sociodemographic data were from the 2006-2015 American Community Survey. We developed two-step hurdle models that included: (1) a categorical model predicting contaminant detection and (2) a continuous model predicting contaminant concentration. We developed these hurdle models using PWS service areas or counties as spatial units of analysis and compared results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PWS serving 5% higher proportions of limited English-speaking households had significantly greater detections of As, Cr, and Se, ranging from 1.25 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.32) times higher probability of Cr detection to 1.69 (95% CI: 1.58, 1.80) times higher probability of Se detection. Small PWS (≤10,000 customers) had higher concentrations of these same three contaminants. PWS serving greater proportions of Black residents had a lower probability of detecting As, Cr and Se, but significantly higher concentrations of Cr, Mn, and Se, particularly outside of large urban areas. The direction of significant associations was consistent between spatial units of analysis, but county results tended to exhibit greater effect sizes and fewer significant associations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PWS service area data help to identify drinking water concerns specific to served communities and reduce issues related to statistical bias at larger spatial scales. Targeted subsidies for water infrastructure in communities served by small PWS would help reduce disparities in exposures to drinking water contaminants.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14793.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"IARC Workshop on the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Assessment of End Points for Evaluating Mechanistic Evidence of Carcinogenic Hazards\".","authors":"Julie E Goodman, Nicholas L Drury, Satori A Marchitti","doi":"10.1289/EHP17383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP17383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Comment on 'IARC Workshop on the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Assessment of End Points for Evaluating Mechanistic Evidence of Carcinogenic Hazards'\".","authors":"David M DeMarini, Weihsueh A Chiu, Kathryn Z Guyton, William Gwinn, Brad Reisfeld, Amy Wang, Aline de Conti, Mary K Schubauer-Berigan, Federica Madia","doi":"10.1289/EHP17625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP17625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to ethylene oxide and relative rates of female breast cancer mortality: 62 years of follow-up in a large US occupational cohort.","authors":"Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Stephen J Bertke, Leslie Stayner, Kyle Steenland","doi":"10.1289/EHP15566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a recognized carcinogen of concern in occupational and environmental settings, but evidence of cancer risks in humans remains limited. Since new EtO emission standards and mitigation measures have been proposed, further investigation of EtO cancer risks is needed to inform quantitative risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to estimate the association between cumulative EtO exposure and risk of death from breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We had data on 7,549 women from the largest cohort of EtO-exposed workers who were employed for at least 1 year at one of 13 US facilities, with mortality follow-up from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2021. We estimated relative rates (RR) of the association between cumulative EtO exposure [parts per million days (ppm-days)] and breast cancer mortality using Cox proportional hazard models, using a matched risk-set sampling design with attained-age as the underlying time scale. We further examined a subcohort of women who participated in interviews which contained information about breast cancer risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative exposure to EtO was associated with elevated RRs of breast cancer mortality (181 deaths). In a log-log model with a 20-year lag fit, workers who accrued 3,650 ppm-days of exposure (equivalent to 10 years exposed at a rate of 1 ppm) had over three times the rate of breast cancer death compared to unexposed workers (RR at 3,650 ppm-days = 3.15; 95%CI: 1.78, 5.60). This RR remained elevated for the subset of the cohort with interview data after matching on potential confounders (RR at 3,650 ppm-days = 3.22; 95%CI: 1.52, 7.13). We observed evidence of variation in RRs by time since exposure and exposure rate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This updated analysis of an EtO exposed worker cohort builds upon evidence that EtO is a human breast carcinogen and supports recent exposure reduction proposals. Given the high prevalence of breast cancer, the large number of workers exposed to EtO, and the potential for widespread environmental exposure, increased risks observed even in the low exposure range are of serious public health importance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15566.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Urinary Fluoride Levels of a Large Pregnancy Cohort in the United States: Findings from the ADORE Study.","authors":"Adrianne K Griebel-Thompson, Scott Sands, Lynn Chollet-Hinton, Danielle Christifano, Debra K Sullivan, Holly Hull, Juliana Teruel Camargo, Susan E Carlson","doi":"10.1289/EHP14711","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14711","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Emerging evidence has suggested negative associations between maternal urinary fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (MUFsg) and offspring intelligence quotient (IQ). Two prior studies report the MUFsg of pregnant women in the US, both in California, and more information is needed on population levels of MUFsg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary objective was to measure MUFsg in a large pregnancy cohort of women recruited from health departments and academic hospitals in Ohio and Kansas. A secondary objective was to compare associations between water fluoridation level and estimated fluoride intake from tap water and MUFsg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnant women (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;965&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) from the ADORE (Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth) cohort provided a urine sample and dietary assessment at enrollment between 14 and 20 wk gestation. MUFsg was measured by fluoride-sensitive electrode and corrected for specific gravity. Water fluoridation levels were obtained for public water systems (PWS), matched to participant residence and multiplied by their tap water intake from dietary assessment. The association between MUFsg and water fluoridation level was estimated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;MUFsg (median: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.6, 1.5) was correlated with PWS fluoridation (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and self-reported tap water consumption (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.29&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). For 87% of the cohort, MUFsg was above the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.45&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; safety benchmark for pregnancy proposed in a previous study. Similarly, 76.7% lived in areas with PWS fluoridation &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The median MUFsg (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.7, 1.5) of those living in areas with a PWS fluoridation level &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; was higher than the median MUFsg (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.5, 1.2) of women living in areas with PWS fluoridation &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;MUFsg in this population of midwestern US w","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals and persistent nausea among pregnant women enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).","authors":"Brad A Ryva, Blair J Wylie, Max T Aung, Susan L Schantz, Rita S Strakovsky","doi":"10.1289/EHP15547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant women are exposed to numerous endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Pregnancy-related nausea likely has hormonal etiology and may persist beyond the first trimester.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between EDC biomarkers and pregnancy nausea characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS) pregnant women (n=467) reported nausea symptoms monthly from conception to delivery. We categorized women as never having nausea (9%), or as having typical (ends by 17 weeks gestation; 42%), persistent (ends after 17 weeks gestation; 25%), or irregular (24%) nausea. Women provided five urine samples across pregnancy, which we pooled and analyzed for phthalate/replacement, phenol, and triclocarban biomarkers. Using covariate-adjusted logistic regression, we evaluated relationships of EDCs with nausea and used quantile-based g-computation (QGComp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate joint associations of EDCs with nausea symptoms. We also considered differences in associations by fetal sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only the sum of urinary biomarkers of di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (ΣDiNCH) was associated with higher risk of persistent nausea compared to typical nausea (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37) in all women. However, using QGComp, a 10% higher concentration of the EDC mixture was associated with 14% higher risk of persistent nausea (RR: 1.14; 95% CI:1.01,1.30), due to ΣDiNCH, ethylparaben, and the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites. Similarly, using BMKR, the EDC mixture was associated with greater odds of persistent nausea in all women. In women carrying male offspring, ethylparaben was associated with persistent nausea, and a 10% higher concentration of the QGComp mixture was associated with 26% higher risk of persistent nausea (RR: 1.26; 95%CI:1.13,1.41), driven by ethylparaben and ΣDiNCH. Consistently, using BKMR, EDCs were positively associated with persistent nausea in women carrying males. We did not identify associations between EDC biomarkers and persistent nausea in women carrying females or between EDC biomarkers and other nausea patterns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Non-persistent EDCs, modeled as a mixture, are associated with persistent nausea in pregnancy, primarily in women carrying males. Future work should explore possible mechanisms, clinical implications, and interventions to reduce exposures and symptoms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15547.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to disinfectants and risk of incident cardiovascular disease among US nurses: the Nurses' Health Study II.","authors":"Yi-Xin Wang, Orianne Dumas, Raphaëlle Varraso, Yang Sun, Janet W Rich-Edwards, JoAnn E Manson, Kenneth J Mukamal, Yu Zhang, Carlos A Camargo, Carmen Messerlian","doi":"10.1289/EHP14945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to certain chemicals in disinfectants has been associated with vascular dysfunction in toxicological studies, but the association between disinfectant exposure and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants and subsequent risk of CVD among United States (US) nurses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 75,675 participants from The Nurses' Health Study II who maintained a nursing job and reported data on occupational disinfectant exposure. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, using Cox proportional hazard models comparing job types and general disinfection tasks between participants. We also used a job-task-exposure matrix to evaluate the risk of CVD by frequency of cleaning/disinfection tasks and exposure levels of 7 specific disinfectants (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hypochlorite bleach, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and enzymatic cleaners).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 10 years of follow-up (2009-2019), we documented 726 incident cases of CVD. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratio of CVD among nurses who worked in operating rooms was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.36), compared with those working as educators or administrators. A similar pattern of associations was found when we separately assessed the risk for CHD and stroke (HR= 1.69 [95% CI: 1.11 to 2.58] and 1.69 [95% CI: 1.05 to 2.74 ], respectively) among operating room nurses, compared with those working as educators or administrators. Those who used disinfectants weekly had modest elevations in CVD risk (HR=1.21 [95% CI: 1.04 to 1.40]), compared with women who never used disinfectants. The highest CVD risk was observed among nurses using disinfectants or spray or aerosol products 4-7 days/week and those exposed to the highest levels of the 7 specific disinfectants listed above.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to disinfectants in real-world healthcare settings was associated with a higher risk of CVD, including CHD and stroke, among US nurses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14945.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal average temperature differences and CVD incidence: results from the US-based Nurses' Health study, Nurses' Health Study II, and the Health Professional Follow-up study.","authors":"Jochem O Klompmaker, Francine Laden, Francesca Dominici, Peter James, Eric Rimm, Charlie Roscoe, Grete Wilt, Antonella Zanobetti, Jaime E Hart","doi":"10.1289/EHP14677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change is one of the greatest health threats facing humanity. Multiple studies have documented the impact of short-term temperature exposure on human health. However, long-term temperature exposures are far less studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether exposure to higher or lower summer and winter average temperatures compared to long-term average temperatures were associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in three US-based cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 276,618 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1991-2018), the NHSII (1994-2017), and the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (1991-2015). We used data (1986-2018) from PRISM Spatial Climate Datasets (800 × 800m spatial resolution) to calculate differences between the summer (June-August) and winter (December-February) average temperatures and the previous 5-year summer and winter average temperatures at residential addresses of each participant. CVD incidence was defined as first nonfatal or fatal MI or nonfatal or fatal stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations with between average temperatures and CVD incidence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were pooled using random effect meta-analysis. We also examined associations in the populations aged <65 and 65+ years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After pooling HRs, we found no association of summer average temperatures higher than the previous 5-year average temperature, with CVD incidence. A winter average temperature lower than the previous 5-year average was associated with CVD incidence (HR = 0.96 per 2.7°C increase, 95%CI: 0.94, 0.98). Among persons aged <65 years, we observed increased CVD risks with higher summer average temperatures (pooled HR = 1.03 per 1.3°C increase, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.07) and lower winter average temperatures (pooled HR = 0.91 per 2.7°C increase, 95%CI: 0.87, 0.94) compared to the previous 5-year average temperature.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Exposure to a winter average temperature lower than the previous 5-year average was associated with an increased CVD risk. Exposure to a summer average temperature higher than the previous 5-year average was associated with CVD incidence in the population aged <65 years, but not in the full population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14677.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying potential chemicals of concern in children's products in a regulatory context: a systematic evidence mapping approach.","authors":"Gabrielle Rigutto, Elena Galkina, Logan V Hayes, Simona Andreea Bălan","doi":"10.1289/EHP15394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children's vulnerability to chemical toxicant exposures demands strong consideration of the chemical composition of products designed for and marketed toward them. Inadequacies in health-protective legislation and lack of mandatory ingredient disclosure in most children's products have created significant gaps in protection and oversight. Scientific literature can provide insight into the chemical constituency of children's products that may be useful for prioritizing future regulatory efforts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to present a proof of concept for applying systematic evidence mapping methodology to identify which chemicals of potential concern have been reported in the scientific literature to be present in products marketed toward children, to inform future research and regulatory efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a broad, all-encompassing survey of the available literature from four databases to identify chemicals present in children's products. Using systematic evidence mapping methodologies, we constructed a database of children's products and their chemical constituents (termed \"<i>product-chemical combinations</i>\") based on a broad survey of current and relevant environmental health literature. Our study focused on chemicals present on the California Safer Consumer Products Program's Candidate Chemicals List, which includes chemicals with one or more known hazard traits. We then conducted an exploratory data analysis of product category and product-chemical combination frequencies to identify common chemicals in specific products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic evidence mapping identified 206 potentially hazardous chemicals in children's products, 170 of which were found in toys. In total, we found 1528 distinct product-chemical combinations; 582 product-chemical combinations included chemicals known to be hazardous or potentially hazardous. Ortho-phthalates in plastic toys, parabens in children's creams/lotions, and bisphenols in both baby bottles and teethers were the most frequently encountered product-chemical combinations of potential concern.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The frequently reported presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in multiple types of children's products raises concerns for aggregate exposures and reveals gaps in regulatory protections for this sensitive subpopulation. Our reproducible and systematic evidence-based approach serves as a case study that can guide other prioritization efforts for transparent regulatory action aimed at improving the safety of chemicals in consumer products. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15394.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}