Jennifer L Ames, Assiamira Ferrara, Juanran Feng, Stacey Alexeeff, Lyndsay A Avalos, Emily S Barrett, Theresa M Bastain, Deborah H Bennett, Jessie P Buckley, Courtney C Carignan, Patricia Cintora, Akhgar Ghassabian, Monique M Hedderson, Ixel Hernandez-Castro, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Margaret R Karagas, Catherine J Karr, Jordan R Kuiper, Donghai Liang, Kristen Lyall, Cindy T McEvoy, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Thomas G O'Connor, Jiwon Oh, Alicia K Peterson, Lesliam Quiros-Alcala, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan Schantz, Rebecca J Schmidt, Anne P Starling, Tracey J Woodruff, Heather E Volk, Yeyi Zhu, Lisa A Croen
{"title":"妊娠期间暴露于有机磷酸酯阻燃剂和增塑剂与ECHO队列中自闭症相关的结果","authors":"Jennifer L Ames, Assiamira Ferrara, Juanran Feng, Stacey Alexeeff, Lyndsay A Avalos, Emily S Barrett, Theresa M Bastain, Deborah H Bennett, Jessie P Buckley, Courtney C Carignan, Patricia Cintora, Akhgar Ghassabian, Monique M Hedderson, Ixel Hernandez-Castro, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Margaret R Karagas, Catherine J Karr, Jordan R Kuiper, Donghai Liang, Kristen Lyall, Cindy T McEvoy, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Thomas G O'Connor, Jiwon Oh, Alicia K Peterson, Lesliam Quiros-Alcala, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan Schantz, Rebecca J Schmidt, Anne P Starling, Tracey J Woodruff, Heather E Volk, Yeyi Zhu, Lisa A Croen","doi":"10.1289/EHP16177","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) have myriad uses in industry and consumer products. Increasing human exposure to OPEs has raised concerns about their potential effects on child neurodevelopment during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether OPE urinary concentrations during pregnancy were associated with child autism-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 4159 mother-child pairs from 15 cohorts in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium, with children born from 2006-2020 (median age [interquartile range]: 6 [4,10] years). Nine OPE biomarkers were measured in urine samples collected mid- to late pregnancy. Dilution-adjusted biomarkers were modeled continuously, categorically (high [> median], moderate [≤ median], non-detect), or as detect/non-detect depending on their detection frequency. We assessed child autism-related traits via a) parent report on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and b) clinical autism diagnosis. We examined associations of OPEs with child outcomes, including modification by child sex, using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by ECHO cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with non-detectable concentrations, high exposure to bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) was associated with higher autistic trait scores (adj-β 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.52) and greater odds of autism diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [adj-OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) showed associations with autistic trait scores (BCPP adj-β for high exposure vs. non-detect: 0.34, 95% CI: -0.46, 1.13; BCPP adj-β for moderate exposure vs. non-detect: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.20). High exposure to bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCETP) was associated with lower odds of autism diagnosis (adj-OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.95). Other OPEs showed no associations in adjusted models. Associations between BBOEP and higher autistic trait scores were stronger in males than females.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Prenatal exposure to OPEs, specifically BCPP and BBOEP, may be associated with higher risk of autism diagnosis and related traits in childhood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16177.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers during pregnancy and autism-related outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.\",\"authors\":\"Jennifer L Ames, Assiamira Ferrara, Juanran Feng, Stacey Alexeeff, Lyndsay A Avalos, Emily S Barrett, Theresa M Bastain, Deborah H Bennett, Jessie P Buckley, Courtney C Carignan, Patricia Cintora, Akhgar Ghassabian, Monique M Hedderson, Ixel Hernandez-Castro, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Margaret R Karagas, Catherine J Karr, Jordan R Kuiper, Donghai Liang, Kristen Lyall, Cindy T McEvoy, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Thomas G O'Connor, Jiwon Oh, Alicia K Peterson, Lesliam Quiros-Alcala, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan Schantz, Rebecca J Schmidt, Anne P Starling, Tracey J Woodruff, Heather E Volk, Yeyi Zhu, Lisa A Croen\",\"doi\":\"10.1289/EHP16177\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) have myriad uses in industry and consumer products. Increasing human exposure to OPEs has raised concerns about their potential effects on child neurodevelopment during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether OPE urinary concentrations during pregnancy were associated with child autism-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 4159 mother-child pairs from 15 cohorts in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium, with children born from 2006-2020 (median age [interquartile range]: 6 [4,10] years). Nine OPE biomarkers were measured in urine samples collected mid- to late pregnancy. Dilution-adjusted biomarkers were modeled continuously, categorically (high [> median], moderate [≤ median], non-detect), or as detect/non-detect depending on their detection frequency. We assessed child autism-related traits via a) parent report on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and b) clinical autism diagnosis. We examined associations of OPEs with child outcomes, including modification by child sex, using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by ECHO cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with non-detectable concentrations, high exposure to bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) was associated with higher autistic trait scores (adj-β 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.52) and greater odds of autism diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [adj-OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) showed associations with autistic trait scores (BCPP adj-β for high exposure vs. non-detect: 0.34, 95% CI: -0.46, 1.13; BCPP adj-β for moderate exposure vs. non-detect: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.20). High exposure to bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCETP) was associated with lower odds of autism diagnosis (adj-OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.95). Other OPEs showed no associations in adjusted models. Associations between BBOEP and higher autistic trait scores were stronger in males than females.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Prenatal exposure to OPEs, specifically BCPP and BBOEP, may be associated with higher risk of autism diagnosis and related traits in childhood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16177.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11862,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Health Perspectives\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Health Perspectives\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16177\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Health Perspectives","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16177","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers during pregnancy and autism-related outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.
Background: Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) have myriad uses in industry and consumer products. Increasing human exposure to OPEs has raised concerns about their potential effects on child neurodevelopment during pregnancy.
Objective: We investigated whether OPE urinary concentrations during pregnancy were associated with child autism-related outcomes.
Methods: We included 4159 mother-child pairs from 15 cohorts in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium, with children born from 2006-2020 (median age [interquartile range]: 6 [4,10] years). Nine OPE biomarkers were measured in urine samples collected mid- to late pregnancy. Dilution-adjusted biomarkers were modeled continuously, categorically (high [> median], moderate [≤ median], non-detect), or as detect/non-detect depending on their detection frequency. We assessed child autism-related traits via a) parent report on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and b) clinical autism diagnosis. We examined associations of OPEs with child outcomes, including modification by child sex, using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by ECHO cohort.
Results: Compared with non-detectable concentrations, high exposure to bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) was associated with higher autistic trait scores (adj-β 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.52) and greater odds of autism diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [adj-OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) showed associations with autistic trait scores (BCPP adj-β for high exposure vs. non-detect: 0.34, 95% CI: -0.46, 1.13; BCPP adj-β for moderate exposure vs. non-detect: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.20). High exposure to bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCETP) was associated with lower odds of autism diagnosis (adj-OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.95). Other OPEs showed no associations in adjusted models. Associations between BBOEP and higher autistic trait scores were stronger in males than females.
Discussion: Prenatal exposure to OPEs, specifically BCPP and BBOEP, may be associated with higher risk of autism diagnosis and related traits in childhood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16177.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Its mission is to facilitate discussions on the connections between the environment and human health by publishing top-notch research and news. EHP ranks third in Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health, fourth in Toxicology, and fifth in Environmental Sciences.
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