Akhgar Ghassabian, Aisha S Dickerson, Yuyan Wang, Joseph M Braun, Deborah H Bennett, Lisa A Croen, Kaja Z LeWinn, Heather H Burris, Rima Habre, Kristen Lyall, Jean A Frazier, Hannah C Glass, Stephen R Hooper, Robert M Joseph, Catherine J Karr, Rebecca J Schmidt, Chloe Friedman, Margaret R Karagas, Annemarie Stroustrup, Jennifer K Straughen, Anne L Dunlop, Jody M Ganiban, Leslie D Leve, Rosalind J Wright, Cindy T McEvoy, Alison E Hipwell, Angelo P Giardino, Hudson P Santos, Hannah Krause, Emily Oken, Carlos A Camargo, Jiwon Oh, Christine Loftus, T Michael O'Shea, Thomas G O'Connor, Adam Szpiro, Heather E Volk
{"title":"产前空气污染暴露与自闭症谱系障碍在ECHO联盟。","authors":"Akhgar Ghassabian, Aisha S Dickerson, Yuyan Wang, Joseph M Braun, Deborah H Bennett, Lisa A Croen, Kaja Z LeWinn, Heather H Burris, Rima Habre, Kristen Lyall, Jean A Frazier, Hannah C Glass, Stephen R Hooper, Robert M Joseph, Catherine J Karr, Rebecca J Schmidt, Chloe Friedman, Margaret R Karagas, Annemarie Stroustrup, Jennifer K Straughen, Anne L Dunlop, Jody M Ganiban, Leslie D Leve, Rosalind J Wright, Cindy T McEvoy, Alison E Hipwell, Angelo P Giardino, Hudson P Santos, Hannah Krause, Emily Oken, Carlos A Camargo, Jiwon Oh, Christine Loftus, T Michael O'Shea, Thomas G O'Connor, Adam Szpiro, Heather E Volk","doi":"10.1289/EHP16675","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between prenatal exposure to low-level air pollution and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of prenatal air pollution exposure with autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 8,035 mother-child pairs from 44 United States cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and 8-hour-max ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) levels were estimated at residential addresses during pregnancy. Parents rated children's autism-related traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) (mean age 9.4 years, SD=3.6) and reported physician-diagnosed ASD. We examined associations of the three air pollutants with SRS scores (10<sup>th</sup>, 50<sup>th</sup>, and 90<sup>th</sup> quantiles) using quantile regression and with ASD diagnosis using logistic regression. Models were run within census divisions, and coefficients were pooled in a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average (SD) pregnancy exposures were 9.3 µg/m3 (2.7) for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 21.8 ppb (8.8) for NO<sub>2</sub>, and 40.3 ppb (5.5) for O<sub>3</sub>, with variations across census divisions. The median SRS T-score was 46 (IQR=41 to 52), and 444 children (5.5%) had an ASD diagnosis. Higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> was associated with higher SRS scores at the 10<sup>th</sup> quantile (β=0.74, 95% CI: 0.09, 1.40) but not at the median or highest quantile. The association between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ASD diagnosis was highly heterogeneous, with associations present in the South Central, Mountain, and Pacific census divisions. Heterogeneity was also high in the association between NO<sub>2</sub> and SRS at the median and only in the mid-Atlantic, West North Central, and South Atlantic census divisions. Higher O<sub>3</sub> was associated with higher SRS scores at the median (β per IQR increment=0.83, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.61) and highest quantile (β=2.19, 95% CI: 0.06, 4.32) in the meta-analysis. Higher O<sub>3</sub> also was associated with ASD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Associations with ASD outcomes were present even at low levels of air pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16675.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the ECHO Consortium.\",\"authors\":\"Akhgar Ghassabian, Aisha S Dickerson, Yuyan Wang, Joseph M Braun, Deborah H Bennett, Lisa A Croen, Kaja Z LeWinn, Heather H Burris, Rima Habre, Kristen Lyall, Jean A Frazier, Hannah C Glass, Stephen R Hooper, Robert M Joseph, Catherine J Karr, Rebecca J Schmidt, Chloe Friedman, Margaret R Karagas, Annemarie Stroustrup, Jennifer K Straughen, Anne L Dunlop, Jody M Ganiban, Leslie D Leve, Rosalind J Wright, Cindy T McEvoy, Alison E Hipwell, Angelo P Giardino, Hudson P Santos, Hannah Krause, Emily Oken, Carlos A Camargo, Jiwon Oh, Christine Loftus, T Michael O'Shea, Thomas G O'Connor, Adam Szpiro, Heather E Volk\",\"doi\":\"10.1289/EHP16675\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between prenatal exposure to low-level air pollution and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of prenatal air pollution exposure with autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 8,035 mother-child pairs from 44 United States cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and 8-hour-max ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) levels were estimated at residential addresses during pregnancy. Parents rated children's autism-related traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) (mean age 9.4 years, SD=3.6) and reported physician-diagnosed ASD. We examined associations of the three air pollutants with SRS scores (10<sup>th</sup>, 50<sup>th</sup>, and 90<sup>th</sup> quantiles) using quantile regression and with ASD diagnosis using logistic regression. Models were run within census divisions, and coefficients were pooled in a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average (SD) pregnancy exposures were 9.3 µg/m3 (2.7) for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 21.8 ppb (8.8) for NO<sub>2</sub>, and 40.3 ppb (5.5) for O<sub>3</sub>, with variations across census divisions. The median SRS T-score was 46 (IQR=41 to 52), and 444 children (5.5%) had an ASD diagnosis. Higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> was associated with higher SRS scores at the 10<sup>th</sup> quantile (β=0.74, 95% CI: 0.09, 1.40) but not at the median or highest quantile. The association between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ASD diagnosis was highly heterogeneous, with associations present in the South Central, Mountain, and Pacific census divisions. Heterogeneity was also high in the association between NO<sub>2</sub> and SRS at the median and only in the mid-Atlantic, West North Central, and South Atlantic census divisions. Higher O<sub>3</sub> was associated with higher SRS scores at the median (β per IQR increment=0.83, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.61) and highest quantile (β=2.19, 95% CI: 0.06, 4.32) in the meta-analysis. Higher O<sub>3</sub> also was associated with ASD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Associations with ASD outcomes were present even at low levels of air pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16675.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11862,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Health Perspectives\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Health Perspectives\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16675\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Health Perspectives","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16675","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the ECHO Consortium.
Background: The relationship between prenatal exposure to low-level air pollution and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear.
Objective: To examine associations of prenatal air pollution exposure with autism.
Methods: We analyzed data from 8,035 mother-child pairs from 44 United States cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-hour-max ozone (O3) levels were estimated at residential addresses during pregnancy. Parents rated children's autism-related traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) (mean age 9.4 years, SD=3.6) and reported physician-diagnosed ASD. We examined associations of the three air pollutants with SRS scores (10th, 50th, and 90th quantiles) using quantile regression and with ASD diagnosis using logistic regression. Models were run within census divisions, and coefficients were pooled in a meta-analysis.
Results: Average (SD) pregnancy exposures were 9.3 µg/m3 (2.7) for PM2.5, 21.8 ppb (8.8) for NO2, and 40.3 ppb (5.5) for O3, with variations across census divisions. The median SRS T-score was 46 (IQR=41 to 52), and 444 children (5.5%) had an ASD diagnosis. Higher PM2.5 was associated with higher SRS scores at the 10th quantile (β=0.74, 95% CI: 0.09, 1.40) but not at the median or highest quantile. The association between PM2.5 and ASD diagnosis was highly heterogeneous, with associations present in the South Central, Mountain, and Pacific census divisions. Heterogeneity was also high in the association between NO2 and SRS at the median and only in the mid-Atlantic, West North Central, and South Atlantic census divisions. Higher O3 was associated with higher SRS scores at the median (β per IQR increment=0.83, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.61) and highest quantile (β=2.19, 95% CI: 0.06, 4.32) in the meta-analysis. Higher O3 also was associated with ASD.
Discussion: Associations with ASD outcomes were present even at low levels of air pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16675.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Its mission is to facilitate discussions on the connections between the environment and human health by publishing top-notch research and news. EHP ranks third in Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health, fourth in Toxicology, and fifth in Environmental Sciences.
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