Energy Storage最新文献

{"title":"A Simplified Analytical Modeling of One-Dimensional Solidification in Plane Couette Flow With Temperature-Dependent Viscosity","authors":"O. Ennaya, H. el Qarnia, M. Arıcı","doi":"10.1002/est2.70386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work is conducted to study the solidification of a liquid undergoing a plane Couette flow between two flat and parallel plates with variable dynamic viscosity over temperature. The flow and thermal characteristics of the circulating liquid during the solidification phase change were predicted by solving analytically the non-dimensional governing conservation equations of continuity, momentum and energy. The obtained analytical solution expresses the transient dimensionless temperatures of the different phases (solid and liquid), the instantaneous dimensionless solid layer thickness, the dimensionless thickness of the solid layer at the steady state, and the standardized instantaneous power required to maintain the uniform motion of the moving wall. The main parameters affecting the thermal behavior of the problem are then investigated through a parametric study, which reveals that the dimensionless solid layer thickness increases with time and reaches its maximum at the steady-state regime. For fixed Brinkman number, Br, and dimensionless temperature, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {theta}_{mathrm{o}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the higher the Biot number, Bi, the higher the dimensionless solid layer thickness. However, increasing the Brinkman, Br, number and dimensionless temperature, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {theta}_{mathrm{o}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, leads to a decrease in the dimensionless solid layer thickness. For 0 < Br ≤ 10, the relative decrease in the solid layer thickness at the steady state for <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1.1</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mn>1.3</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mtext>and</mtext>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mn>1.5</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {theta}_{mathrm{o}}=1.1,1.3,mathrm{and} 1.5 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is estimated at 75.53%, 74.92%, and 74.4%, respectively, for Bi = 5, 65.49%, 64.16%, and 62.93% for Bi = 20, and 62%, 60.67%, and 59.26% for the limit case, that is, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Bi</mi>\u0000 <mo>→</mo>\u0000 <mo>∞</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ mathrm{Bi}boldsymbol{t","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Single-Step Titanium Dioxide Nanofluid on Thermal and Rheological Behavior of Inorganic Phase Change Material (Sodium Acetate Tri-Hydrate) for Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Manoj Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Alpana Singh,&nbsp;Mahmood M. S. Abdullah,&nbsp;Harish Hirani,&nbsp;Tushar Sharma,&nbsp;Stefan Iglauer","doi":"10.1002/est2.70388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high latent heat and temperature-regulating features of phase transition materials have received a large amount of attention in thermal energy storage (TES). But a lot of salt hydrate-based phase change materials (PCM), such as sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT), have built-in problems that impair their dependability and long-term performance. This work investigates the addition of single-step-synthesized titanium dioxide nanofluids to SAT matrix to improve its thermal properties and overcome these drawbacks. The use of a streamlined, single-step synthesis method to create well-dispersed TiO₂ nanofluids with regulated particle sizes (30, 50, and 70 nm) and introduce them into SAT at two concentrations to create six different n-PCM composites (TS1–TS6) is what makes this study novel. Significant improvements in thermal behavior were found through thorough characterization employing dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheological tests. A delayed dehydration onset (~120°C) decreased initial mass loss (~27%), and attenuated high-temperature deterioration (68%–48%) were all demonstrated by TS1, which synthesized TiO₂ at a lower concentration (size = 30 nm). A higher crystallization peak at 66.70°C was verified by DSC analysis as opposed to 62.72°C for pure SAT. Furthermore, because of its strong contact with PCM matrix and improved nanoparticle dispersion, TS1 showed superior stability and flow behavior. Using single-step TiO₂ production, our work closes the gap in PCM enhancement by offering a scalable and effective method for nanofluid integration. TS1 is a viable candidate for advanced TES methods since it provided the best balance of thermal improvement, material economy, and process simplicity among all formulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covalent Organic Structures for Energy Storage and Catalysis: New Sustainable Developments and Progress","authors":"Suresh Sekar,&nbsp;V. Krithika,&nbsp;R. Ranjani,&nbsp;K. Chandrakala,&nbsp;Sakthivel Muthu,&nbsp;Eswaran Kamaraj,&nbsp;Mathiyazhagan Narayanan","doi":"10.1002/est2.70385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous substances that can be used successfully in advanced energy storage applications because of their excellent crystalline structure and high structural tunability. This work has demonstrated the current advancements in COF design, such as the selection of building blocks, linkage chemistry, and post-synthesis modifications that carefully control porosity, functionality, and electrical behavior. In this study, we examine how unique structural characteristics affect charge transfer and electrochemical characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on materials based upon COFs used in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, as well as supercapacitors, in which pore structure differentiation and redox-active sites enhance ion mobility and cycling stability. Hybrid systems such as COF/metal NPs and COF/carbon composites are investigated for their synergistic properties in terms of energy storage. We also present current scalability and stability problems, which allow us to identify potential paths for applications of COFs for the use of next-generation energy systems. Here, we discuss the feasibility of COFs as adaptable platforms for novel energy storage innovations in the development of the system by linking molecular level design to device-level efficiency and functionalities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximal Temperature Dependent Supercapacitor Charging of Regenerative Braking System Using FOPID-Based Optimization Algorithm","authors":"G. Tulasichandra Sekhar,&nbsp;Manmadha kumar Boddepalli,&nbsp;Andhavarapu Kanthi,&nbsp;L. V. Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/est2.70377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electric vehicles can significantly improve their energy efficiency through regenerative braking, which recovers kinetic energy during braking for storage in batteries. Supercapacitors are particularly suitable for this purpose due to their high power density and long cycle life. However, to prevent thermal stress and degradation during rapid energy exchange in regenerative braking, the charging current must be carefully managed. The proposed method controls the highest charging current using the supercapacitor temperature as an input parameter. The Levy Enhanced Red Panda Optimization (LE-RPO) algorithm is employed to optimally tune the FOPID controller parameters and adjust the supercapacitor reference current. In order to improve the utilization of energy, this commit aims to analyze the supercapacitor's maximal charge capacity. The results were compared between a method with fixed peak current and ESR and one that was modified by temperature, peak current, and ESR. Modeling by varying the initial ambient temperatures was also examined. Lastly, the effect of the methods on the life span of the supercapacitor module is studied. According, the result shows that the proposed LE-RPO method outperforms the conventional models like GWO, SOA and RPO with an improved efficiency of 79.233%. It highlights the superior stability and control system performance of the proposed LE-RPO method. Likewise, the proposed LE-RPO algorithm achieves a settling time of 7.714 s, which demonstrates faster stabilization compared to other methods such as Fuzzy, PSO, RTO, LSTM-PSO, GA-PSO, and IGWO-CSO. Moreover, the stability performance of the proposed LE-RPO-based FOPID controller was evaluated under four conditions, such as no fault and SLG (single line to ground) faults on Lines 1–1, 1–3, and 1–5. The results show the settling time remains almost unchanged (7.7403–7.7543 s), indicating the system quickly reaches steady state with minimal disturbance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-Economic Analysis of Solar-Driven Heating for Industry Applications With and Without Thermal Storage in Diverse Climates","authors":"Naseer Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmed,&nbsp;Asif Hussain Khoja,&nbsp;Mengjie Song,&nbsp;Qazi Shahzad Ali,&nbsp;Mumtaz Ahmad Qaisrani","doi":"10.1002/est2.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective energy management and environmental protection have become critical priorities for the industrial sector, particularly in energy-intensive processes such as crude oil refining. One such process involves maintaining the temperature of heavy oil products before dispatch from storage tanks, which requires substantial thermal energy. This study investigates the thermo-economic performance of a hybrid solar heating system utilizing parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) integrated with and without thermal energy storage (TES) across diverse climatic regions in Pakistan. The refinery process was modeled using ASPEN HYSYS, while the hybrid solar system was simulated in TRNSYS. Results indicate that the PTC area of 325 m² without TES delivers 269.3 GJ of energy to the steam, whereas incorporating a 1500 L TES tank requires a PTC area of 463 m², delivering 421.5 GJ to the steam. The annual solar fraction increases from 17.25% (without TES) to 27%, reducing the boiler's annual energy demand and yielding a payback period of 7.51 years. Furthermore, the proposed system can mitigate approximately 34.95 t of CO₂ emissions annually. The study reveals that local climatic conditions, such as ambient temperature and wind speed, significantly influence PTC performance. Among the five analyzed cities, Islamabad emerged as the most favorable location for system deployment, while Karachi's tropical desert climate was the least suitable. The proposed solar-driven hybrid configuration analysis presented in this study provides a possible solution for preserving the crude oil products' temperature before it is dispatched from the tank of storage in a refinery.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on PEG Plasticized PVC/Tapioca Starch Bio-Polymer Blend Based Magnesium Triflate Electrolytes for Magnesium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Subramaniyan Abirami,&nbsp;Palanisamy Vickraman,&nbsp;Thomai Arul Raja,&nbsp;Ravi Vinoth Kumar,&nbsp;Palanisamy Sangeetha,&nbsp;Subramaniyam Selva Sekara Pandian","doi":"10.1002/est2.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The magnesium triflate with PEG plasticized tapioca starch (TS) in different weight ratios with Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) blended membranes obtained via solution casting technique are studied with XRD, FTIR, TGADTA, Impedance, Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and Wagner's DC polarization technique (WDCPT). The XRD profile shows the crystalline as well as amorphous phase of the as-synthesized membranes, and FTIR studies reveal the strong molecular interactions in the fingerprint region. The thermal studies reveal the degradation of PVC and TS around 250°C–300°C. The impedance study presents a higher order of conductivity 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ for PVC:TS 1:1 ratio (SA2), revealing higher mobility of Mg²⁺ ions and polarizability. The temperature-dependent conductivity studies demonstrated an increase in ionic conductivity reaching a maximum of 1.272 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ for 1:1 ratio (SA2). The dielectric studies reveal space-charge polarization effect at the electrode-electrolyte interface owing to the molecular domain concentration of the reacting groups prevalent both in PVC (Cl⁻) and the abundance of hydroxyl in TS. The WDCPT shows the ion transference number of 0.99%, and the LSV demonstrated the voltage window stability of 0–2.44 V for SA2. The primary battery fabrication using SA2 membrane by sandwiching it between Mg anode and (MnO₂ + graphite + SA2) cathode displayed the open circuit voltage of 1.88 V and after connecting to 470 kΩ load sustains discharge profile up to 96 h and elucidates that the adhered SA2 electrolyte cum separator may well be amenable for utility in real-time Mg ion primary battery applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Heat Dissipation in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Through Multi-Fan Configurations and Passive Rib Turbulators","authors":"Sudeep Singh Rawat,&nbsp;Yaman Yadav,&nbsp;Roushan Kumar","doi":"10.1002/est2.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/est2.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Air cooling is extensively utilized in lithium-ion battery powered drivetrains, and this study examines the effects of air velocity and cooling fan arrangement. The pack behavior is tested under 1C, 1.5C, and 2C discharge rates with three different fan arrangements (Single IN, In-Out, Out-Out). In the Single IN arrangement, a single fan draws air in, whereas in the In-Out configuration, one fan pulls air in while another pushes it out, and in the Out-Out configuration, both fans expel air. Results indicated that increasing the air velocity from 0 to 4 m/s at 25°C significantly enhanced convective heat transfer and reduced local hotspots. At a 1C discharge rate and 4 m/s air velocity, the maximum temperature (<i>T</i>_max) was lowered by 17.35°C compared to natural convection. The In-Out fan configuration outperformed the Single IN and Out-Out configurations, achieving a 2.57°C reduction in <i>T</i>_max and a 2.25°C decrease in temperature difference (Δ<i>T</i>_max). The Out-Out configuration was less efficient due to airflow blockage by holders and connectors. A single rib turbulator positioned at a 45° angle relative to the lateral direction further reduced <i>T</i>_max by 6.27°C. The findings highlight the importance of airflow and fan setup in battery thermal performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Energy Tunnel System Heat Transfer Characteristics Considering Tunnel Airflow","authors":"Yu Cao,&nbsp;Penghui Gao,&nbsp;Donghai Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyan Li,&nbsp;Maotao Luo,&nbsp;Huimin Song","doi":"10.1002/est2.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/est2.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energy tunnels rely on underground structures and effectively utilize underground rock and soil as heat carriers to achieve green and low-carbon energy consumption for rail transit. In energy tunnel, ground heat exchangers (GHEs) are coupled with surrounding rock and air in the tunnel for heat transfer (where tunnel air temperature is affected by train operation heat dissipation and ventilation). In order to reveal the variation laws of rock and soil temperature and air temperature in underground energy tunnels under multiple factors, clarify the dynamic thermal characteristics of energy underground structures in the process of thermal storage and release, under actual train operating conditions, a coupled heat transfer model of energy tunnels based on tunnel airflow and dynamic heat transfer of rock and soil mass was established. The research results indicate that under the operating conditions of subway trains, if ventilation is not installed, there will be overheating after 2 years of operation, which will affect the normal operation of the train. However, installing GHEs for heat extraction can control air temperature below 25°C. When the GHEs heat with air and surrounding rock at an initial temperature of 20°C, the heat transfer per unit area can reach 41.2 W/m² in summer and 23 W/m² in winter at an inlet water temperature of 7°C. When adopting alternating operation of storage and heat release, it can better maintain soil thermal balance, with a heat transfer capacity of up to 180 W/m², which can be effectively used for air conditioning cooling and hot water supply in buildings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Treatment, Thermal Cycling, and Corrosion Evaluation of Palm Fatty Acids and Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications","authors":"Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli,&nbsp;Nurin Nazifa Reza Shahrez,&nbsp;Nur Azmina Roslan,&nbsp;Fadzlina Abdullah,&nbsp;Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik Pauzi,&nbsp;Kosheela Devi Poo Palam","doi":"10.1002/est2.70374","DOIUrl":"10.1002/est2.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phase change materials (PCMs) are extensively explored for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. While paraffin wax is the most widely studied organic PCM, non-paraffinic bio-based fatty acids offer a more sustainable alternative. This study systematically evaluates seven palm fatty acids: caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, focusing on thermal stability, reliability, and metal compatibility, compared with paraffin wax. In addition to standard thermal characterization, a heat absorption-release test was performed to assess heat storage performance. PCM properties were analyzed before and after two thermal reliability assessments: thermal treatment (up to 700 h) and thermal cycling (up to 350 cycles). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined phase change temperature, latent heat, and specific heat capacity (<i>C</i>_<i>p</i>), while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assessed thermal and chemical stability. The palm fatty acids exhibited slight variations in phase change temperature (0.03°C–3.6°C) and moderate melting latent heat reductions (−3.2% to −6.2% after thermal treatment, −7.5% to −13.8% after thermal cycling), comparable to paraffin wax (0.04°C–1.32°C, −7.0%, −10.3%, respectively). Similar to paraffin wax, changes in <i>C</i>_<i>p</i>, heat storage performance, TGA, and FTIR results further confirmed the thermal reliability of palm fatty acids. Twelve-week corrosion tests showed decreasing corrosion rates with time and confirmed the compatibility of all tested PCMs with stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and brass, with most corrosion rates remaining below the critical threshold for long-term use. Overall, palm fatty acids demonstrate high thermal reliability, stability, and metal compatibility comparable to paraffin wax, establishing them as sustainable bio-based PCMs for long-term TES applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Optimization Techniques for Optimal Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Power Grids","authors":"Jovana N. Živić,&nbsp;Miloš J. Milovanović,&nbsp;Jordan N. Radosavljević","doi":"10.1002/est2.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/est2.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increased penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the power system has introduced numerous challenges for grid operators. These challenges are primarily due to highly variable and intermittent production from RES, which depends on weather conditions. This variability in production causes instability and grid reliability issues, affecting overall performances of the grid. One of the most effective mechanisms to address these challenges involves the deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). Their advantages such as fast response, scalability, and geographical independence, make them suitable for supporting RES integration and providing various grid services. Optimal placement, sizing and scheduling control of BESS is an important aspect of their integration into power grids. An optimally planned BESS can improve performances of the grid, and increase its profitability. However, it is a very complex, nonlinear dynamic optimization problem with a large number of constraints, which requires robust optimization techniques to solve efficiently. This paper provides a comprehensive review of optimization methods for optimal planning, that is determining the optimal locations and sizes of BESS in an electric power system. Optimization techniques are classified into four groups, namely conventional, metaheuristic, hybrid and artificial intelligence-based. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, which are highlighted in the paper. Overall, this review provides insights and guidelines that may be useful for selecting an appropriate optimization method for a specific BESS planning problem or for developing a more efficient and robust optimization approach for optimal integration of BESS into modern power grids.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}