Energy Storage最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid Cooling System of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Star-Shaped Channels and Phase-Change Materials","authors":"Khaleel Al Khasawneh,&nbsp;Aman Al Khatib","doi":"10.1002/est2.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cooling lithium-ion batteries using phase change material and star-shaped channel for flowing fluid is presented in this paper. The proposed design is tested on six 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells. The six battery cells are placed in a case filled with wax as a phase change material, where this case is cooled using four water channels with star-shaped cross-section. The flow is assumed to be steady, fully developed, and laminar. This study is conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software, assuming lumped analysis for the batteries and incompressible flow for both wax and water. It was shown from the results that the temperature lowered by a range of 9.43°C to 11.07°C when discharged to 15% by 4C rate with the star-shaped channels and paraffin wax. While the temperature lowered by a range of 9.13°C to 10.51°C with paraffin wax and circular channels. When the study was carried out without any cooling method during discharge, battery 6 reached 39.528°C, while battery 1 reached 39.468°C. However, after cooling using star-shaped channels and paraffin wax case, the temperature of battery 6 dropped to 29.788°C, while battery 1 was 30.034°C, and the lowest temperature was 28.440°C for battery 5. The temperatures of the batteries with circular channels for cooling were recorded as 30.146°C, 30.339°C, and 28.996°C for batteries 6, 1, and 5, respectively. When paraffin wax was replaced by <i>n</i>-Octadecane wax, all battery temperatures dropped to approximately 27.4°C. The results showed that cooling using phase change material and star-shaped channels achieved the lowest temperatures compared to other cooling designs and methods. By comparing the present results with the published results, it was found that the present study is in good agreement with previous findings and shows notable improvements.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electrode Thickness and Operating Temperature on Electrochemical Performance of Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Alok Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Mukul Shukla","doi":"10.1002/est2.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged of late as the most popular high-energy storage devices with a variety of uses, including electric vehicles and cell phones. Due to structural stability, low cost, and longer cycle life compared to other LIB systems, the lithium titanate and lithium manganese oxide (LTO-LMO) pair has gained wide interest. Researchers have investigated how the electrode thickness affects the LIBs performance. However, there is still limited understanding of how the LIB cell performance depends on the operating temperature. In this paper, a 1D electrochemical model has been developed to predict the LTO-LMO cell performance under different operating conditions using the COMSOL multiphysics simulation software. The model predictions are successfully validated with published experimental studies. Further, a parametric study is performed by varying the electrode thickness and operating temperature. The results established that for low discharge rates (C rates), higher thickness results in increased cell discharge capacity, but for higher C rates, this is not true due to poor electrode utilization. This study also effectively optimizes the cell cathode and anode thickness using response surface methodology based ANOVA to maximize discharge capacity. This study could prove very useful in the future development of LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Pin Fins on the Melting Time of Phase Change Material","authors":"Reza Bahoosh,&nbsp;Ashraf Raihan Masser,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Saffarian","doi":"10.1002/est2.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A key challenge in employing phase-change materials (PCMs) for energy storage is their inherently low thermal conductivity. A practical approach to addressing this issue is the incorporation of expanded surfaces or fins within the PCM to enhance its thermal conductivity. This study, both numerical and experimental, evaluates the impact of inserting pin fins into phase-change materials on the melting time and the energy storage rate. The phase change materials are located in an enclosure with dimensions of 480 mm length, 240 mm width, and 60 mm height, and cylindrical pin fins with a diameter of 10 mm in two heights of 42 and 56 mm and three numbers of 21, 35, and 49 are installed inside the phase change material enclosure. At 80°C, high-temperature water flows beneath the enclosure, initiating heat transfer that leads to PCM melting. The pin fins and the interface plate between the water and PCM are made from St37 material. The results revealed a strong alignment between the numerical simulations and the experimental data. Across all designs, experimental melting times slightly exceed numerical predictions, with a maximum difference of 6.9%. Adding pin fins within the phase change material's enclosure decreases the melting time compared to configurations without fins. The results showed that the melting time of 1 kg of the phase change material can be reduced from 21% up to 44%, and the higher the number and height of pin fins, the greater the decrease in melting time, with the explanation that the effect of increasing the number of pin fins is greater than the effect of increasing their height. The reduction in melting time in finned designs is attributed to the enhanced heat transfer. This improvement in heat transfer is due to both the increased surface area for heat exchange and the formation of flow vortices within the phase change material.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing of Zinc Oxide/Zinc Sulfide Heterojunction Arrays as Potential Semiconductors for Promoting Safe Energy Storage in Eco-Friendly Batteries","authors":"Fatemeh Mollaamin,&nbsp;Majid Monajjemi","doi":"10.1002/est2.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first principles calculations were applied to investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of cubic zinc oxide (ZnO) and cubic zinc sulfide (ZnS) heterostructures adsorbed with H₂O molecules. A comprehensive investigation on H₂O grabbing by ZnO/ZnS heterostructures was carried out using DFT computations at the CAM–B3LYP–D3/6–311 + G (d, p) level of theory. The hypothesis of the energy adsorption phenomenon was confirmed by density distributions extracted from CDD, TDOS/PDOS/OPDOS, and LOL parameters for ZnO/ZnO–H₂O or ZnS/ZnS–H₂O. A vaster jointed area engaged by an isosurface map for H/OH adsorption on ZnO or ZnS surface toward the formation of ZnO–H₂O or ZnS–H₂O complex due to labeling atoms of O1, Zn15, O27, or S27, H29, H30. Therefore, it can be considered that zinc in the functionalized ZnO or ZnS might have more impressive sensitivity for accepting the electrons in the process of H/OH adsorption. It is considerable that when all surface atoms of ZnO or ZnS are coated by OH and H groups, the semiconducting behavior is recovered. Depending on the stability of the heterostructures, H₂O exhibits both chemisorption and dissociation on the surfaces of the heterostructures. Finally, it was observed that the prepared nano semiconductors exhibit significant activity through H(OH) adsorption. The enhanced semiconducting activity of ZnO or ZnS can be attributed to the slower recombination of the electron–hole pairs in this semiconductor material. The reactive species OH^•, ^•O₂⁻, and H⁺ are believed to play important roles in the semiconductor devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Scheduling of Microgrids With a bi-Level Model Considering Battery Aging","authors":"Minh Quoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Linh Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Nghia Tuan Pham","doi":"10.1002/est2.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are essential for smart grids but suffer from capacity degradation due to charging and discharging cycles, leading to significant costs. To optimize BESS operation, it is crucial to include battery degradation (BD) costs in scheduling, considering equivalent cycles and depth of discharge. This paper introduces a novel degradation cost model for optimal battery scheduling. A linear model based on a semi-empirical approach represents the calendar aging process, and a new algorithm derived from the rainflow-counting algorithm (RCA) calculates cycle aging based on the cycle life curve and state of charge during discharge. The degradation cost model is based on battery capacity fade and economic principles. Finally, a mixed-integer bi-level linear model (MIBLM) examines the interaction between distributed generation dispatch and BESS charging/discharging, assessing the feasibility of integrating BD cost into energy management. Results show that the proposed MIBLM considering BD significantly influences BESS strategies, reducing microgrid (MG) operation costs by 12.69% compared to single-level models and achieving a 3.5% reduction in expenses compared to conventional strategies that ignore BD. The analysis also highlights the importance of considering calendar aging in determining optimal BESS capacity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Recent Developments in Polyindole–Based Nanocomposite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Mohammad Faraz Ahmer,&nbsp;Mohammad Kashif Uddin","doi":"10.1002/est2.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyindole (PIn) has attracted considerable attention as a promising conducting polymer for energy storage devices despite its low electrical conductivity. This interest is attributed to several appealing features, including high redox activity, excellent thermal stability, a low tendency for degradation, and strong compatibility with other components. As a result, PIn-based hybrid composites that include metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, Mxenes, chalcogenides, and/or carbon materials have been notably recognized as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. This review highlights recent advancements in expanding PIn-based nanocomposite electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Significant efforts have been made to develop new binary and ternary PIn-based nanocomposites in recent years to utilize the beneficial electrochemical properties of the composite's components. Several new methods have been implemented for the synthesis of novel PIn–based composites for electrode fabrication to utilize the untapped docility of PIn, high electrical conductivity of carbon allotropes, and wider charging/discharging potential range of metal oxides. The present review has adequately compiled and briefly discussed the scattered literature published during 2018–2024 on recently developed PIn–based electrode materials used in supercapacitor applications. This review aims to assist in developing novel electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties for supercapacitors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Concrete With Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Calcium Aluminate Cement for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Applications","authors":"C. Aswin Karthik,&nbsp;M. Sathishraj,&nbsp;B. Panda,&nbsp;P. Muthukumar","doi":"10.1002/est2.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is widely used for high-temperature thermal energy storage applications. However, there is a lack of detailed experimental investigations on the performance of blended CAC mix with supplementary cementitious materials toward formulating sustainable concrete material. While previous studies have primarily focused on CAC-slag systems in pastes and mortars, this study investigates their application in concrete mixes. This study also provides critical insight into the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and thermal conductivity properties of CAC blended concrete. The results showed that the 10% GGBS substituted mix achieved superior properties. Additionally, residual properties under high-temperature cyclic load (290°C–550°C) are analyzed. Results indicated that the 10% GGBS mix exhibited the highest residual properties. The performance of blended mixes further degraded significantly with higher GGBS replacement up to 50%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-Derived N-Doped Dendritic 3D Carbon@ZnO Nanoparticles as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Wenliang Bai,&nbsp;Zhikun Zhang,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang,&nbsp;Xinming Guo,&nbsp;Xinyu Yang,&nbsp;Yuheng Luo,&nbsp;Fuqiang Guo,&nbsp;Baohua Zhang,&nbsp;Luyuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/est2.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilized the cotton wool part of cigarette butts as a biomass precursor to synthesize ZnO@C-NA composite heterojunction (ZnO attached to a three-dimensional dendritic structure of carbon nanotubes) through a simple liquid phase deposition method. The composite structure of ZnO and C-NA has rich redox active sites and a large specific surface area. Compared with the three-dimensional dendritic carbon nanotube (C-NA) and ZnO anode (ZnO DS), the reversible capacity of the ZnO@C-NA anode is 627 mAh/g (200 cycles, 0.1 A) and 550 mAh/g (1000 cycles, 1 A). The synergistic effect of the carbon structure and zinc oxide component effectively improves the storage capacity of LIBs, accelerates the reaction kinetics, and effectively suppresses the volume expansion of zinc oxide during charging and discharging. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing novel negative electrode materials with rich resources and a simple synthesis route. The optimized heterojunction negative electrode has excellent Li⁺ storage performance and has good application prospects in advanced LIBs and other energy storage devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of Direct-Burial Subterranean Battery Energy Storage System","authors":"Elizabeth Oyekola,&nbsp;Avery Opalka,&nbsp;Jason Zrum,&nbsp;Bryan Ellis,&nbsp;Lukas Swan,&nbsp;Sean Balfour,&nbsp;Gagandeep Singh,&nbsp;J. R. Dahn","doi":"10.1002/est2.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Battery energy storage systems have become an integral part of the electricity system as an increased quantity of variable renewable energy generation such as solar photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines is deployed. Siting and placement of the battery system is important for thermal management, safety, and use of space. Literature on this topic has only considered above-ground installations. Direct-burial subterranean installations can address the siting topics by providing access to relatively consistent ground temperatures, encasement of the battery in nonflammable soil, and permitting other uses of the ground surface above (e.g., athletic field). However, batteries generate heat during operation, and although in direct contact with the soil, the soil has poor thermal conductivity, potentially restricting operations to low-power applications. This research designs, builds, instruments, and demonstrates the operation of a direct-burial subterranean battery while exploring the thermal dynamics of the battery (NCA lithium ion) versus the surrounding backfill soil (thermal sand, <i>k</i> = 2.8 W/mK), with attention to peak temperatures and heat dissipation timelines. The results identify limitations of a residential behind-the-meter battery operation for either PV self-consumption or load following (LF) application signals. The PV self-consumption signal, which completes less than 1 cycle per day, results in a 4°C increase in the battery temperature, given the condition of the soil used during battery operation, and returning to original temperatures during the lengthy overnight rest period. The more aggressive LF signal, completing more than 2 cycles per day, elevated the temperature by 16°C within a single day, given the conditions of the soil employed in this experiment. Continued operations of the LF signal would cause overheating and so need to be completed only once every several days. The experimental findings will be used to design and calibrate a new subterranean battery energy storage system numerical models to predict performance for unique battery shapes, installation depths, climates, and arrays of batteries. In this fashion, this new battery technology may be deployed to meet specific applications throughout varied environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Battery and Sensible Thermal Energy Storage for a Microgrid in a Remote Indigenous Canadian Community","authors":"Hayley Knowles,&nbsp;Andrew Swingler,&nbsp;Lukas Swan","doi":"10.1002/est2.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Decarbonization of remote northern Indigenous communities requires integration of renewable generation into existing fossil-fueled energy systems. As these systems approach complete decarbonization, energy storage technologies become increasingly critical. We investigate the impact of battery and sensible thermal energy storage systems in the context of decarbonizing both electrical and thermal loads for the Xeni Gwet'in remote community in British Columbia, Canada. Two scenarios are modeled and compared with renewable energy fractions ranging from 60% to 100%. The two systems modeled include wind and solar electricity generation combined with either: (1) a battery energy storage system, or (2) a hybridized battery and sensible thermal energy storage system. Scenarios are evaluated according to levelized cost of energy to present the techno-economic impacts of hybridized storage at varying levels of decarbonization. Technical considerations of coupling battery and sensible thermal energy storage, including market readiness, operation and maintenance, and impact on grid performance, are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}