Quantifying Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Performance Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

The progress of lithium-ion battery performance and production technology has promoted the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) for these years. However, people are still used to driving EVs in the way as traditional internal combustion engine automobiles. Cruising range, acceleration ability, charging time, and safety have become the first issues that people should consider when purchasing EVs, and most of these functions depend on the performance of the battery. Therefore, this work used a multi-factor evaluation method for the performance of lithium-ion batteries used in EVs, with the help of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The article focuses on the performance of the batteries that deserve the most quantified evaluation, which are the overall performance, charging performance, discharging performance, safety performance, and the sub-factors of each performance. The criteria performance rating of EV batteries is obtained, and the performance of two distinct commercially available battery packs with different functional focuses is analyzed through a case study, which assigns the battery packs performance ratings of II and III. The factors of energy density and fast charging time are with greater weights (0.558 and 0.451, respectively), which should be the direction of key research and development of EV batteries.