Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Understanding residential socioeconomic and behavioral patterns for home air radon testing: a population-based intervention study in New Hampshire and Vermont (USA).","authors":"Rian M Hasson, Kayla A Fay, Julie E Weiss, Lynne M Clement, Michelle E Thompson, Jenna E Schiffelbein, P Jack Hoopes, Tamutenda Chidawanyika, Anna N A Tosteson, Judy R Rees","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01260-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01260-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radon is a known environmental carcinogen associated with thousands of lung cancers each year. Understanding characteristics associated with testing is critical to design interventions to increase acceptance and promote mitigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic factors and cancer beliefs associated with previous home air radon testing, mitigation, and-for those who had not yet tested-acceptance of a free test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based survey was administered to adults residing in New Hampshire and Vermont to understand previous home air radon testing and mitigation patterns, and among those who had not previously tested, acceptance of information on how to request a free test. The proportions of test kits requested and returned are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,717 survey respondents, 513 (29.7%) had previously tested for radon, 767 (44.7%) had not, and 437 (25.5%) did not know. Those who had not previously tested (767/1,280; 60%) had lower educational attainment, were less likely to be married, were less likely to be homeowners, and were more likely to express negative attitudes towards cancer prevention than those who had. Of 108 respondents whose previous test had shown levels ≥2.0 pCi/L, only 59 (55%) had installed a new mitigation system. Of those with a steady place to live, 996 had not previously tested for radon or did not know. Those 996 were offered information on how to obtain a free test kit and 66% accepted (659/996); 49% of those (324/659) used the information to request a kit, and 38% of those (124/324) returned the kit for testing. In multivariable models, not previously testing the home for radon was significantly associated with being divorced/separated, household income <$150,000, and lack of employment-based health insurance. Among those without a prior test, declining information for a free radon test was significantly associated with educational attainment of high school or less, and inversely associated with being divorced/separated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resident differences in socioeconomic factors and cancer beliefs regarding home air radon testing may offer potential opportunities for targeted interventions designed to decrease radon-associated lung cancer deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148028286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate vulnerability factors for temperature-related respiratory mortality: a nationwide two-stage time-series study from 2008 to 2021.","authors":"Hsiao-Yu Yang, Shin-Chieh Chen, Hsi-Yun Chang, Yao-Yuan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01309-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01309-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taiwan is one of the fastest-warming regions globally. As climate change intensifies, understanding how vulnerability influences health outcomes critical. This study aimed to identify regional vulnerability factors for temperature-related respiratory mortality and effective region-specific adaptation policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-stage time-series study was conducted using daily respiratory mortality counts aggregated by county and day. This study employed a distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the temperature-attributable mortality burden from respiratory diseases across all counties and cities in Taiwan. A two-stage meta-analysis was conducted to estimate temperature-mortality associations and quantify cold- and heat-related mortality burdens by county. Meta-regression was used to identify regional vulnerability factors modifying temperature-related mortality risk, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of these effects across counties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cold exposure was linked to a higher burden of respiratory disease mortality (attributable fraction [AF]: 2.03%, 95% CI: 1.10-2.95) than heat exposure (AF: 1.02%, 95% CI: 0.65-1.40). For cold-related AFs, higher proportions of Indigenous populations (3.27, 0.79-5.75), low-income populations (2.11, 0.67-3.55), greater population density (2.21, 0.46-3.96), and children (0.98, 0.35-1.61) were significantly associated with increased risk, suggesting vulnerability factors. GWR further showed that hospital bed availability had statistically significant protective effects against cold-related AF in 10 of 19 counties (β = - 5.24 to - 6.78), most pronounced in remote mountainous counties (Hualien, Taitung, Kaohsiung).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher proportions of Indigenous populations, low-income population, and children amplify cold-related respiratory mortality. Hospital bed availability confers the strongest protection against cold-related mortality in remote, mountainous counties. Climate adaptation policies for cold-related respiratory health should therefore be tailored to local vulnerability profiles, prioritizing healthcare expansion in geographically remote counties rather than applying uniform investment across all regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical mixtures and birth weight: comparison of multipollutant models in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study.","authors":"Susan MacPherson, Jillian Ashley-Martin, Joseph M Braun, Youssef Oulhote, Tye E Arbuckle","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01300-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01300-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal growth is a critical health outcome influenced by prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals, particularly endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Studies have shown that pregnant women are simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals, illustrating the need for methods that can examine the health effects of cumulative exposures. We compared four statistical methods-Principal Component Analysis (PCA), k-means clustering, Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR), and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), -to identify associations between the mixture of chemicals and birth weight z-scores, including phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, bisphenol A alternatives, triclosan, organophosphate pesticides, arsenic species, glyphosate and its breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), solvent metabolites, organophosphate flame retardants, fluoride, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs), cotinine, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and five metals. Our complete case analysis investigated the potential effects of a mixture of 46 chemicals on birth weight z-score, using 1127 mother-infant pairs from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study. PCA showed a significant inverse association between birth weight z-score and a component with loadings highest for PCBs (-0.035, 95%CI: (-0.068, -0.002)) using multivariable linear regression. The k-means analysis revealed distinct clusters of chemical profiles associated with lower birth weight z-score (-0.17, 95% CI: (-0.34, -0.01)) using multivariable linear regression, and primarily composed of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead(Pb), ΣOC Chlordane and the PCBs, WQSR showed an inverse association with the overall mixture index (-0.065; CI: (-0.171, 0.04) driven mostly by Aroclor 1260, ΣOC Chlordane, glyphosate, and PCB180. BKMR highlighted that the birth weight z-score was 0.054 (-0.100, 0.209)when all chemicals in the 25^thpercentile were compared to their medians, which decreased to -0.04 (-0.219, 0.14)when all chemicals in the 75th percentile were compared to their median values. After stratification by infant sex, associations tended to be larger in magnitude in females. We observed, according to all four approaches, that ΣOC Chlordane, ΣOC Insecticides, Aroclor 1260, dimethylarsinic acid, Pb, PCB170 and PCB180 were most often associated with decreased birth weight. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of chemical mixtures on birth weight, the usefulness of using multiple methods, and suggest the need for continued research for evaluating cumulative environmental exposures in prenatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green space exposure and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case-control study in Northern Italy.","authors":"Asia Sarti, Jessica Mandrioli, Sofia Costanzini, Guigo Xavier Balbo, Carlotta Malagoli, Niccolò Martini, Francesca Despini, Federica Violi, Marcella Malavolti, Ilaria Martinelli, Matteo Giacchino, Giulia Donelli, Elena Canali, Lucia Zinno, Sergio Teggi, Marco Vinceti, Tommaso Filippini","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01311-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01311-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The contribution of environmental determinants in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unclear. Among the various environmental factors, exposure to green spaces, also known as greenness, is attracting considerable interest as many studies have reported its beneficial associations to health outcomes, particularly to neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the relation between greenness and ALS risk, we conducted a population-based case-control study in a Northern Italy population (from Modena, Reggio Emilia and Parma provinces), including 499 cases of ALS newly-diagnosed from 1998 to 2011 and 1,935 sex-, age-, and province-matched controls randomly selected from study provinces residents. We evaluated the association between greenness in the proximity of residence and ALS risk, assessing exposure through multiple satellite-based and land-use derived indices, both conventional and novel devised, for a total of six indices, each providing specific information, including annual and seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), NDVI-weighted to green areas, green cover ratio, accessibility index, and their combined Green Exposure Index (GEI). We used conditional logistic regression models to evaluate disease risk for increasing exposure through both fixed-categories and non-linear restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a non-linear U-shaped association between greenness and ALS risk with increased odds ratios at both low and high levels. Results were more defined when using NDVI-based indices, while the associations were smoother when considering GEI. The higher risk at low levels may be related to lower accessibility to green spaces with lower physical activity and higher exposure to outdoor air pollutants, whilst elevated greenness may reflect higher exposure to neurotoxic pesticides. These results were confirmed also after adjustment for potential confounders, namely magnetic fields and light at night. Sex stratified analysis yielded similar results, except for more distinct associations in females for GEI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the limitations due to possible unmeasured confounding and exposure misclassification related to the use of residential data, our results provide evidence of an inverse association between intermediate residential greenness and ALS risk, and may have public health implications including disease prevention and urban planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Night shift work and epigenetic modifications: cardiovascular-related miRNA expression within a European cohort of night shift workers.","authors":"Barbara N Harding, Zheshun Jiang, Daniela Pineda, Samuel L Swift, Manolis Kogevinas, Maria Albin, Karin Broberg","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01308-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01308-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The major pathways contributing to cardiovascular disease among night shift workers remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as novel regulators of cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to examine whether night shift work was associated with altered expression of five cardiovascular-related miRNAs in night and day shift workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA was extracted from plasma of 106 night and 89 day shift healthcare workers, followed by deoxyribonuclease treatment, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR using target-specific assays for five miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-107, miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-103a-2-5p). In adjusted linear regression models, we examined associations between night shift exposure and the relative expression of miRNAs. We predicted target genes of the miRNAs under study and preformed enrichment analyses to examine related functions and pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were on average 43 years of age and mostly female (94%). Results were suggestive of higher miRNA expression levels among night shift workers, most notably for miR-155-5p (coefficient 0.46, 95%CI -0.03, 0.94) and miR-103a-2-5p (coefficient 0.45, 95%CI -0.06, 0.96), however results did not reach statistical significance. In dose-response analyses, for each additional year of prior night shift work duration history, the relative expression of several miRNAs was higher. Increased duration of night shift work was significantly associated with higher levels of miR-22-5p (coeff 0.03, 95%CI 0.00, 0.05), miR-107 (coeff 0.04, 95%CI 0.01, 0.06), miR-21-5p (coeff 0.04, 95%CI 0.01, 0.07) and miR-103a-2-5p (coeff 0.02, 95%CI 0.00, 0.05). The enrichment analyses identified several pathways and functions (e.g. lipid and atherosclerosis) related to cardiometabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Night shift work appeared to be associated with an elevated expression of cardiovascular-related circulating miRNAs. The pathway analyses of downstream target genes provided evidence of their involvement in a variety of cardiometabolic disease mechanisms. This study presented new evidence linking night shift work exposure to cardiometabolic markers via epigenetic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147927737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between volatile organic compound concentrations in daycares and child wheeze: the French CRESPI study.","authors":"Ioannis A Sakellaris, Corinne Mandin, Franziska Bright, Laurent Orsi, Flore Amat, Pierre Bonnet, Valérie Siroux, Nicole Le Moual, Orianne Dumas","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01307-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01307-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Concern is increasing about of the role of poor indoor air quality in respiratory disorders especially in children. While the deleterious respiratory health impact of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the home environment has been suggested, daycares have never been investigated. This study aims to investigate the association between VOCs concentrations in daycare facilities and children's respiratory health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 532 children (mean age: 22.3 months; 47.4% female) of the French CRESPI cohort (100 daycares, 2019-2022). VOC/aldehyde (n = 54) concentrations were measured on a one-day active sampling in daycares. They were studied individually in 4 categories based on quartiles and grouped in factors using principal component analysis. Wheezing outcomes - ever wheeze, recurrent wheeze (≥ 3 times), and ever wheeze with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use - were evaluated by parental questionnaire. Associations between daycare VOC concentrations/ factors and wheezing outcomes were analyzed with Generalized Estimating Equations to account for a possible daycare effect, and adjusted for child age, parental smoking status and education level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After correction for multiple testing, higher concentrations of methylisobutylketone (Odds-Ratio for Q4 vs. Q1, 95%CI: 2.40, 1.46-3.92; p-trend < 0.001, FDR-adjusted p = 0.02) and 1-methoxy-2-propylacetate (2.58, 1.54-4.33; p-trend < 0.001, FDR-adjusted p = 0.02) were associated with recurrent wheeze. Associations were further suggested for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (2.70, 1.34-5.45; p-trend = 0.01) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (2.27, 1.09-4.71; p-trend = 0.02) but were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Similar findings were observed for all wheezing outcomes. Using factor analysis, three identified factors were associated with wheezing outcomes, including a 'care/cleaning-products' factor associated with ever wheeze with ICS (OR: 1.22, 1.00-1.47).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daycare exposure to specific VOCs was associated with wheeze in children. Their identification and control in daycares may reduce potential health risks.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The CRESPI protocol was registered in the clinical trials register - NCT no 04170881.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13340316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147927759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building the model: a review of input structures in extreme temperature-health.","authors":"Domenico D'Ausilio, Marta Ellena, Alfredo Reder, Alessandro Pugliese, Paola Mercogliano","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01290-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01290-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The health impacts of extreme temperatures have been extensively studied through epidemiological models. However, limited attention has been paid to the specification of these models, particularly regarding input structure and model selection. Although exposure metrics and statistical techniques have evolved over time, a comprehensive synthesis of the variables included in these models, and the rationale behind their inclusion, is still lacking. This gap limits the comparability of studies and may compromise the robustness of temperature-health evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024 that employed quantitative epidemiological models to estimate the association between extreme temperatures and health outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we selected 119 studies through searches conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Each study was analysed in terms of spatial coverage, modelling framework, and model inputs. Inputs were classified into six functional groups: thermal exposures; environmental covariates (including both non-thermal meteorological variables and air pollutants); temporal controls; socio-demographic factors; health system indicators; and built environment characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial heterogeneity was observed in both input selection and model specification. Daily mean temperature was the dominant exposure metric, though rarely justified over alternatives. Environmental covariates were inconsistently included: while relative humidity was frequent, other meteorological modifiers and air pollutants were often omitted without clear rationale. Temporal adjustments were common but heterogeneous. Distributed lag non-linear models were the prevailing framework, varying greatly in lag structure, spline specification, and covariate integration. Socio-economic, health, and infrastructural indicators appeared in less than one third of studies, typically as effect modifiers in meta-regression analyses, highlighting uneven integration of contextual determinants. No consensus currently exists on what constitutes a minimum model specification necessary to ensure reliable and interpretable effect estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current temperature and health modelling remains fragmented, with notable variability in input specification and transparency. Strengthening methodological coherence through clearer guidance on input selection is essential. Greater integration of socio-economic and infrastructural variables would further enhance models' capacity to capture contextual vulnerability. To ensure reliability and policy relevance, future research should develop shared guidelines for input specification, define minimum modelling standards, and promote transparent reporting of analytical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of early-life arsenic exposure on morning plasma cortisol in adults from Antofagasta, Chile.","authors":"Rosemarie de la Rosa, Craig Steinmaus, Anthony Nardone, Amanda Silveira, Johanna Acevedo, Catterina Ferreccio, Martyn T Smith, Fenna C M Sillé","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01304-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01304-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 100,000 people were exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water in Antofagasta, Chile from 1958-1970. Individuals born during this high exposure period have elevated rates of cancer, lung and cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. However, the mechanisms of long-term arsenic toxicity remain unclear. We investigated whether early-life arsenic exposure was associated with altered glucocorticoid levels in adulthood. This study included 114 individuals born in Antofagasta during the high exposure period and 118 individuals born in other Chilean cities with lower exposure. Arsenic exposure metrics were constructed based on residential histories and included: concentration at birth, peak and highest 5-year average between ages 0-10 years, and highest lifetime 5-year average, and lifetime cumulative exposure. Morning plasma cortisol concentrations were measured using a cell-based bioassay. Individuals in the highest quartile of highest lifetime 5-year average of arsenic exposure had approximately 11% lower mean log cortisol levels than those in the lowest quartile of exposure (β = -0.116; 95% CI: -0.229, -0.003). In sex-stratified analyses, associations were stronger among female participants. For example, female participants in the highest quartile of cumulative exposure had 22.0% lower cortisol levels compared to those in the lowest quartile (β = -0.248; 95% CI: -0.444, -0.053) and the test for interaction by sex was statistically significant (p = 0.036). This study is the first to show that early-life arsenic exposure may suppress HPA axis activity decades after exposure has ceased. These findings support endocrine disruption as a potential mechanism underlying long-term health effects of arsenic and highlight early development as a critical exposure window.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In utero and childhood exposure to organochlorines and perfluorinated chemicals in relation to sperm aneuploidy in adulthood.","authors":"Melissa J Perry, Alessandra Meddis, Heather A Young, C Rebecca Robbins, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Niels Jørgensen, Jónrit Halling, Pál Weihe, Philippe Grandjean, Maria Skaalum Petersen","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01303-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01303-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm chromosomal abnormalities are linked to infertility and may be caused by endocrine disrupting chemical exposures during development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether exposure to organochlorine compounds (OC), including polychlorinated compounds (PCBs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFASs) measured repeatedly since birth predicted sperm chromosomal abnormalities in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aneuploidy was determined in semen samples obtained from 96 Faroese young men aged 22-24 years who were members of a birth cohort created in 1986-1987. Their current and previous serum as well as cord blood were analyzed for DDE, major PCB congeners (118, 138, 153, and 180), and PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFHxS). Incidence rate ratios between the exposures and the risk of an extra sex chromosome in adult sperm were assessed as indication of meiotic errors. The mixture effect for overall exposures (PCBs and/or PFASs) was estimated as the change in the percentage of each type of disomy for a doubling of the exposures for two individuals within the same smoking status and abstinence time group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher concentrations of organochlorines in cord blood and in serum at ages 7, 14 years and 22 years were associated with increased proportions of chromosomal disomies. The PCB concentration in cord blood was associated mainly with having an extra Y chromosome (p-value: 0.006), while PFAS concentrations at adulthood were consistently associated with XX18 and YY18 disomies (p-values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide new evidence that fetal and subsequent chemical exposures can have enduring influence into adulthood on the formation of male germ cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term association between phthalate exposure in pregnancy and midlife bone mineral density among women in Mexico City.","authors":"Meizhen Yao, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, John D Meeker, Juan Tamayo-Orozco, Belem Trejo-Valdivia, Libni A Torres-Olascoaga, Adriana Mercado, Rebeca Trejo-Reyes, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Karen E Peterson, Deborah J Watkins","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01301-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01301-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Phthalates are widespread endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may affect bone metabolism, though human studies remain limited. This study investigated the long-term associations between measures of phthalate exposure during pregnancy, a period of heightened bone activity, and midlife bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Participants were women in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort who had gestational phthalate measurements and midlife BMD assessments (n = 180), including 60 who received calcium supplementation during pregnancy and first year postpartum as part of a clinical trial. Nine phthalate metabolites were measured in urine samples collected at up to three pregnancy trimesters, corrected for specific gravity, and a molar sum was calculated for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP). BMD of the spine, hip, and forearm were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at a mean age of 50.1 years. We used linear models to estimate differences in BMD per doubling of geometric mean concentrations of individual phthalates across pregnancy, adjusting for perinatal calcium supplementation status, age at midlife and pre-pregnancy BMI. Effect modification by perinatal calcium supplementation was tested through interaction terms and sensitivity analyses additionally adjusted for menopausal status. Quantile-based g-computation was used to evaluate the overall effect of the phthalate mixtures. RESULTS: Most phthalate metabolites were inversely associated with spine and hip BMD, whereas some showed significant positive associations with forearm BMD. Perinatal calcium supplementation significantly modified associations between phthalate metabolites and spine BMD, showing consistent negative trends in the placebo group and positive trends in the supplementation group (ΣDEHP, p-interaction = 0.03). For example, a doubling in ΣDEHP was associated with 0.12 lower spine BMD in the placebo group (95%CI= -0.27, 0.03) and 0.28 higher spine BMD in the supplementation group (95%CI: -0.03, 0.59). Similar patterns were seen for hip BMD. Mixture analysis results aligned with single-pollutant findings. CONCLUSIONS: Phthalate exposure during pregnancy was associated with midlife BMD in a site-specific manner. Calcium supplementation in pregnancy and first year postpartum modified these associations at the spine and hip, suggesting a potential protective role. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}