Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Childhood mercury exposure and early death in Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada: a retrospective study.","authors":"Donna Mergler, Aline Philibert, Myriam Fillion, Judy Da Silva","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01221-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01221-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How criminology can support environmental health: the case of PFAS.","authors":"Lieselot Bisschop, Yogi Hendlin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01214-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01214-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary argues that the field of criminology can aid in addressing PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) pollution, providing levers to achieve public health aims of drastically lowering and abating new PFAS emissions while addressing historic exposure. Based on a European example of the large DuPont de Nemours (now Chemours) industrial facility in Dordrecht, the Netherlands, we frame the history of PFAS exposures as a crime. We discuss how PFAS pollution emerged in part due to knowledge asymmetries, perpetuated by the close alignment of corporate and governmental interests, and the fragmentation of regulatory enforcement, both historic and contemporary.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and their associations with birthweight in the GUSTO cohort.","authors":"Sharon Ng, Ling-Wei Chen, Ze-Ying Chen, Mei-Huei Chen, Anne H Y Chu, Keith M Godfrey, Kok Hian Tan, Peter D Gluckman, Johan G Eriksson, Fabian Yap, Pau-Chung Chen, Yap Seng Chong, Chia-Yang Chen, Shiao-Yng Chan","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01202-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01202-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;With daily exposure to multiple endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), understanding individualized co-exposure patterns could better identify chemicals that threaten health. This is particularly pertinent for the vulnerable fetus during in-utero development, where exposure can have long lasting health consequences. As there is limited information of EDC exposure in Asian maternal-offspring populations, this study aimed to (1) determine levels of a selected range of EDCs (focusing on Substances of Very High Concern by the European Chemical Agency) in maternal and corresponding cord blood plasma, (2) investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with plasma EDC concentrations, and (3) associate EDC-mixtures with birthweight, in a Singapore cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of 30 chemicals of interest in 780 maternal and 782 cord plasma samples collected at delivery in the multi-ethnic Asian (Chinese, Malay, Indian) mother-offspring GUSTO study. Quantile-based g-computation was used to estimate the combined effect of chemical mixtures and its association with birthweight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-seven out of the thirty selected chemicals were reliably detected in both maternal and cord plasma. Perfluorooctanesulfonic, perfluorooctanoic, perfluorobutanesulfonic and perfluorobutanoic acids (PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFBA, respectively) were the predominant perfluoroalkyl acids (detected in &gt; 90% of samples), while mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and monobutyl phthalate were the main phthalate metabolites (detected in &gt; 99% of samples). Concentrations of fourteen chemicals, including PFBA, PFBS and bisphenol S (BPS) were higher in cord plasma than in corresponding maternal plasma; eight being &gt; 1.5 times higher (ranging from 1.75 to 2.93). A mixture of chemicals in cord plasma associated with higher birthweight [116.5 g (95%CI 3.1, 229.9) per quantile increase], but no association was observed for the maternal mixture. Further, different chemicals from the same EDC group in either cord or maternal plasma showed associations in opposite directions with birthweight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results suggest substantial transplacental transfer and fetal accumulation of many chemicals, particularly the newer replacement compounds. Stronger associations with birthweight were found for the cord chemical mixture than for the maternal mixture, supporting the idea that these chemicals may have direct effects in the fetus to influence growth. Moreover, individual chemicals within each EDC group appear to have different mechanisms of effect resulting in divergent associations with birthweight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study adds to the growing concern about the impact of EDCs, especially the newer chemicals on vulnerable groups such as the developing fetus, warranting furthe","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and combined effects of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure on preterm birth: a nested case-control study in China.","authors":"Yi Hu, Hao Chen, Sujie Sun, Lin Zhang, Dongjian Yang, Jiuru Zhao, Qianqian Zhang, Yitao Pan, Xiaorui Liu, Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01213-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01213-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology.","authors":"Diddier Prada, Beate Ritz, Ann Z Bauer, Andrea A Baccarelli","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acetaminophen is the most commonly used over-the-counter pain and fever medication taken during pregnancy, with > 50% of pregnant women using acetaminophen worldwide. Numerous well-designed studies have indicated that pregnant mothers exposed to acetaminophen have children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), at higher rates than children of pregnant mothers who were not exposed to acetaminophen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied the Navigation Guide methodology to the scientific literature to comprehensively and objectively examine the association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and NDDs and related symptomology in offspring. We conducted a systematic PubMed search through February 25, 2025, using predefined inclusion criteria and rated studies based on risk of bias and strength of evidence. Due to substantial heterogeneity, we opted for a qualitative synthesis, consistent with the Navigation Guide's focus on environmental health evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 46 studies for inclusion in our analysis. Of these, 27 studies reported positive associations (significant links to NDDs), 9 showed null associations (no significant link), and 4 indicated negative associations (protective effects). Higher-quality studies were more likely to show positive associations. Overall, the majority of the studies reported positive associations of prenatal acetaminophen use with ADHD, ASD, or NDDs in offspring, with risk-of-bias and strength-of-evidence ratings informing the overall synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analyses using the Navigation Guide thus support evidence consistent with an association between acetaminophen exposure during pregnancy and increased incidence of NDDs. Appropriate and immediate steps should be taken to advise pregnant women to limit acetaminophen consumption to protect their offspring's neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144845049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of associations between ambient PM_2.5 and vital signs by β-blocker prescription status among individuals with heart failure.","authors":"Morgan Narain, Miyuki Breen, Alex P Carll, Mehdi Hazari, Aimen Farraj, Cavin K Ward-Caviness","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01203-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01203-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, especially among individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure (HF). Medical management with β-blockers may modify the association between PM_2.5 and heart rate (HR) as β-blockers act on similar neurophysiologic pathways as PM_2.5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine potential medication-PM_2.5 interactions, we utilized electronic health records (EHRs) from 26,653 individuals with HF in North Carolina observed from 2014 to 2016. Linear mixed effect models with a random intercept for individual were adjusted for individual and census level demographics and socioeconomic confounders. We examined 0-4-daily PM_2.5 lags as well as the 5-day moving average. We stratified observations based β-blocker prescription status and quantified differences using a multiplicative interaction model. We also utilized data from an in vivo study of diesel exhaust exposure and β-blocker usage in HF prone rats to validate results and examine additional outcomes unavailable in the EHR data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stratified analyses and the multiplicative interaction model revealed a significant difference in the association between PM_2.5 and HR based on β-blocker prescription status. For 5-day average PM_2.5 we observed a significant interaction (β_interaction = -0.68, 95% CI: -0.82, -0.55) indicating that the association between PM_2.5 and HR decreased for observations occurring after prescription of a β-blocker to study participants. This observation was reflected in the in vivo study as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>β-blocker usage likely attenuates associations between short-term PM_2.5 and HR. Accounting for this in future studies may reveal novel means of reducing PM_2.5-related cardiovascular morbidity and reduce confounding in population with high rates of β-blocker usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ambient air pollution's effects on birth outcomes: a Scottish IVF cohort study (2010 -2018).","authors":"Haoze Song, Tom Clemens, Ruth M Doherty, Jenny Stocker, Siladitya Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01204-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01204-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient air pollution exposure during and before the pregnancy could result in adverse birth outcomes. This study uses data from women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) data to investigate the associations between ambient air pollution exposure and adverse birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyses the associations between adverse birth outcomes, namely low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth and daily mean air pollution exposure during each of four IVF windows. The air pollutants considered were particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm (PM₁₀) and 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which were estimated using the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS-Urban). This data was linked to the IVF patients' postcode providing estimates of exposure to air pollutants. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between air pollution exposure and adverse birth outcomes, and conditioning confounding factors. A subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the differences in the effects of ambient air pollution exposure on the ICSI and IVF groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 2010 to May 2018, there are 2069 babies were able to be included in this study. We found no significant associations between air pollution exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes during window 1(85 days before oocyte retrieval) and 2 (14 days after gonadotrophin medication). With 1 µg⋅m^-3 increase in PM₁₀ concentration during window 3 (14 days after embryo transfer) and 4 (embryo transfer to delivery) led to a 5% (95% CI: 1.05-1.06) and 10% (95% CI: 1.01-1.21) increase in the odds of preterm birth, but not other outcomes. In window 3, every 1 µg⋅m^-3 increase in NO₂ concentrations resulted in a 2% (95% CI: 1.00 - 1.04) increase in the odds of LBW and a 3% (95% CI: 1.00 -1.05) increase in the odds of SGA but showed no effect for preterm birth. The results of the subgroup analysis suggest that the air pollution exposure may have a greater impact on the IVF group compared to the ICSI group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that exposure to air pollution during the very early stage of pregnancy (14 days after conception) may represent the most critical window of susceptibility to an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elderly as a population at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality due to ambient ozone exposure: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Hongjuan Fang, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>To provide guidance on management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study systematically analyzed the burden of the disease due to ozone (O₃) exposure in adults aged ≥ 65 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were used to analyse trends in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for O₃-related COPD in the elderly (≥ 65 years). Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyse independent age, period and cohort effects. Spearman's correlation coefficient assessed the relationship between ASMR and socio-demographic index (SDI). Decomposition analysis decomposed the drivers of change. Cross-country inequality analysis assessed health inequalities between countries. Frontier analysis estimated optimal health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the number of O₃-related COPD deaths in the elderly increased from 0.187 to 0.420 million globally. Male ASMR was higher than female ASMR and tended to decrease, whereas female adults ≥ 90 years of age had increased ASMR. ASMR is decreasing in 93 countries and increasing in 78 countries. The global burden of disease was largely driven by population and ageing, but low and low-middle SDI regions were positively affected by ageing, population and epidemiological changes. Global health inequalities remained pronounced, particularly in lower-developed countries. Frontier analyses also showed that countries and regions with lower levels of development had greater potential to improve the burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite an overall reduction in the disease burden, O₃-related COPD mortality remains a major health threat to the elderly, particularly in less developed countries and regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to elemental carbon and disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Maria-Iosifina Kasdagli, Dimitris Stamatiou, Antonis Analitis, Klea Katsouyanni, Mihalis Lazaridis, Maria I Gini, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Evangelia Samoli","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01209-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01209-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidemiological studies have documented the health effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, while there is a growing number of studies looking into associations with one of its main components elemental carbon (EC) and its related metrics such as black carbon (BC), black smoke (BS) or aerosol light absorption coefficient often referred as \"PM absorbance\". We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the associations between long-term exposure to elemental carbon (EC) and disease incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for studies published up to April 2025, assessing long-term to EC-related exposure (also including BC, BS, PM absorbance) and incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in adults, and asthma and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. We pooled effect estimates by random-effects models and investigated heterogeneity by region and risk of bias assessments. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 51 studies assessing long-term exposure to EC and disease incidence. The pooled relative risk (RR) for a 1 µg/m³ increase in EC was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.17), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05), for incidence of lung cancer and IHD in adults, while a null association was observed for COPD risk. We estimated RR 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.21) and 1.37 (95% CI: 0.89, 2.04) for asthma and ALRI in children respectively. There was moderate to high heterogeneity in all associations, with the exception of lung cancer incidence for which the certainty of evidence was rated high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-analysis supports an increased risk of lung cancer following long term exposure to EC and indicates associations for IHD in adults and respiratory outcomes in children. Although the evidence base on the effects of EC on diseases incidence has been increasing, further research is needed in the associations between long- term exposure to EC and various diseases' incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Engine Exhausts and Prostate Cancer Risk.","authors":"Christine Barul, Marie-Claude Rousseau, Marie-Elise Parent","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01205-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01205-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some engine exhausts (EEs) have been classified as carcinogens and/or can have hormone-modulating properties that could play a role in prostate cancer development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated associations between lifetime occupational exposure to various EEs and prostate cancer risk, overall and for aggressive cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada, 1,924 incident histologically-confirmed prostate cancer cases (436 aggressive) and 1,989 population controls were recruited. Socio-demographics, lifestyle factors and a detailed occupational history were collected during in-person interviews. Industrial hygienists conducted evaluations of intensity, frequency and reliability of exposure to EEs resulting from the combustion of several fuels (any diesel, light- and heavy-duty diesel, leaded and unleaded gasoline, propane and jet fuel) in each job held ≥ 2 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for exposure to each EE, in association with prostate cancer risk, adjusting for age and then for potential lifestyle and occupational confounders, accounting for a 5-year latency period. As most associations were not linear, we fitted functions for changes in percentile distributions based on natural cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no evidence of associations between exposure to the various EEs and overall prostate cancer. However, for high-grade cancers, based on the fully-adjusted model, a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of the exposure distribution of any diesel EE yielded an OR of 1.24 (95%CI 0.96-1.61), and of 1.27 (95% CI 0.80-2.01) for a change from the 75th to the 95th percentile. These increases reflected exposure to diesel EE from light-duty vehicles, associated with similar ORs. For leaded gasoline EE, a change from the 75th to the 95th percentile resulted in an age-adjusted OR of 1.36 (95%CI 0.88-2.11), which was attenuated to 1.12 (95%CI 0.63-2.02) after full adjustment. There were no associations with EE from unleaded gasoline, diesel from heavy-duty vehicles, jet fuel and propane.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was suggestive evidence for a deleterious role of occupational exposure to EE resulting from the combustion of any diesel, light-duty diesel and from leaded gasoline in the development of aggressive prostate cancer. Results were independent from prostate cancer screening patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}