Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to cadmium and lead is associated with diabetic kidney disease in diabetic patients","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Xiaoyu Gong, Runhong Li, Wenhui Gao, Daibao Hu, Xiaoting Yi, Yang Liu, Jiaxin Fang, Jinang Shao, Yanan Ma, Lina Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01045-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01045-z","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exhibit nephrotoxic activity and may accelerate kidney disease complications in diabetic patients, but studies investigating the relation to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been limited. We aimed to examine the associations of Cd and Pb with DKD in diabetic patients. 3763 adults with blood metal measurements and 1604 adults with urinary ones who were diabetic from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016 were involved. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of blood Cd (BCd), blood Pb (BPb), urinary Cd (UCd), and urinary Pb (UPb) with DKD. BPb, BCd, and UCd levels were higher among participants with DKD than diabetics without nephropathy, but UPb performed the opposite result. BPb and UCd were significantly associated with DKD in the adjusted models (aOR, 1.17 (1.06, 1.29);1.52 (1.06, 2.02)). Participants in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of BPb and BCd levels had higher odds of DKD, with a significant trend across tertiles, respectively (all P-trend < 0.005). Multiplication interaction was also identified for BPb and BCd (P for interaction = 0.044). BPb, BCd, and UCd were positively associated with the risk of DKD among diabetic patients. Furthermore, there were the dose-response relationship and multiplication interaction in the associations of BPb, BCd with DKD.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) and the risk of depression among middle-aged and older population: analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), 2016–2020 in South Korea","authors":"Hyunkyung Park, Cinoo Kang, Ho Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01043-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01043-1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern that particulate matter (PM) such as PM2.5 and PM10 has contributed to exacerbating psychological disorders, particularly depression. However, little is known about the roles of these air pollutants on depression in elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between PM2.5 and PM10, and depression in the elderly population in South Korea. We used panel survey data, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), administered by the Labor Institute during the study period of 2016, 2018, and 2020 covering 217 districts in South Korea (n = 7674). Annual district-specific PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were calculated for the study period from the monthly prediction concentrations produced by a machine-learning-based ensemble model (cross-validated R2: 0.87), then linked to the people matching with year and their residential district. We constructed a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with a logit link to identify the associations between each of the long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposures and depression (CES-D 10) after adjusting for individual and regional factors as confounders. In single-pollutant models, we found that long-term 10 $$mathrm{mu g}/{m}^{3}$$ increments in PM2.5 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.56) and PM10 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.29) were associated with an increased risk of depression in the elderly. Associations were consistent after adjusting for other air pollutants (NO2 and O3) in two-pollutant models. In addition, the impacts substantially differed by regions grouped by the tertile of the population density, for which the risks of particulate matters on depression were substantial in the middle- or high-population-density areas in contrast to the low-population-density areas. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a higher risk of developing depression in elderly people. The impact was modified by the population density level of the region where they reside.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of dichlorophenol with metabolic syndrome based on multivariate-adjusted logistic regression: a U.S. nationwide population-based study 2003-2016","authors":"Jing Cai, Zhichao Yang, Sen Zhao, Xing Ke","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01037-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01037-z","url":null,"abstract":"Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) exposure associated with oxidative stress has indeed raised public concerns. However, whether p-DCB is linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We hypothesized that higher exposure to p-DCB would be linked with a higher risk of MetS in the U.S population. This study aimed to examine the associations of exposure to p-DCB with MetS prevalence. We included 10,428 participants (5,084 men and 5,344 women), aged ≥ 20 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016). The cases of MetS were diagnosed by NCEP/ATPIII. Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS prevalence. Moreover, the mix associations of p-DCB metabolites were assessed using quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) methods. We documented 2,861 (27.1%) MetS cases. After adjustment for the potential risk factors, the ORs (95% CI) of MetS prevalence across the quartile of urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) were 1.09 (0.93-1.28), 1.22 (1.00-1.49), and 1.34 (1.04-1.73). Moreover, 2,5 DCP is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity [ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI): 1.23 (1.03-1.48)]. The WQS and qgcomp index also showed significant associations between p-DCB metabolites and MetS. Moreover, we further examined that 2,5 DCP was correlated with higher systolic blood pressure (r = 0.022, P = 0.027), waist circumference (r = 0.099, P < 0.001), and glycohemoglobin (r = 0.027, P = 0.008) and a lower high density cholesterol (r = -0.059, P < 0.001). In addition, the significant positive associations between 2,5 DCP and MetS were robust in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. These findings indicated that increased urinary p-DCB concentration, especially 2,5 DCP, had a higher MetS prevalence. These results should be interpreted cautiously and further research is warranted to validate our findings.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to select PFAS and PFAS mixtures alters response to platinum-based chemotherapy in endometrial cancer cell lines","authors":"Brittany P. Rickard, Marta Overchuk, Justin Tulino, Xianming Tan, Frances S. Ligler, Victoria L. Bae-Jump, Suzanne E. Fenton, Imran Rizvi","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01034-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01034-2","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with significant alterations in female reproductive health. These include changes in menstrual cyclicity, timing of menarche and menopause, and fertility outcomes, as well as increased risk of endometriosis, all of which may contribute to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The effect of PFAS on endometrial cancer cells, specifically altered treatment response and biology, however, remains poorly studied. Like other gynecologic malignancies, a key contributor to lethality in endometrial cancer is resistance to chemotherapeutics, specifically to platinum-based agents that are used as the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage and/or recurrent disease. To explore the effect of environmental exposures, specifically PFAS, on platinum-based chemotherapy response and mitochondrial function in endometrial cancer. HEC-1 and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were exposed to sub-cytotoxic nanomolar and micromolar concentrations of PFAS/PFAS mixtures and were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Survival fraction was measured 48-h post-chemotherapy treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated in both cell lines following exposure to PFAS ± chemotherapy treatment. HEC-1 and Ishikawa cells displayed differing outcomes after PFAS exposure and chemotherapy treatment. Cells exposed to PFAS appeared to be less sensitive to carboplatin, with instances of increased survival fraction, indicative of platinum resistance, observed in HEC-1 cells. In Ishikawa cells treated with cisplatin, PFAS mixture exposure significantly decreased survival fraction. In both cell lines, increases in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed post-PFAS exposure ± chemotherapy treatment. Exposure of endometrial cancer cell lines to PFAS/PFAS mixtures had varying effects on response to platinum-based chemotherapies. Increased survival fraction post-PFAS + carboplatin treatment suggests platinum resistance, while decreased survival fraction post-PFAS mixture + cisplatin exposure suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Regardless of chemotherapy sensitivity status, mitochondrial membrane potential findings suggest that PFAS exposure may affect endometrial cancer cell mitochondrial functioning and should be explored further.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribed fires, smoke exposure, and hospital utilization among heart failure patients","authors":"Henry Raab, Joshua Moyer, Sadia Afrin, Fernando Garcia-Menendez, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01032-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01032-4","url":null,"abstract":"Prescribed fires often have ecological benefits, but their environmental health risks have been infrequently studied. We investigated associations between residing near a prescribed fire, wildfire smoke exposure, and heart failure (HF) patients’ hospital utilization. We used electronic health records from January 2014 to December 2016 in a North Carolina hospital-based cohort to determine HF diagnoses, primary residence, and hospital utilization. Using a cross-sectional study design, we associated the prescribed fire occurrences within 1, 2, and 5 km of the patients’ primary residence with the number of hospital visits and 7- and 30-day readmissions. To compare prescribed fire associations with those observed for wildfire smoke, we also associated zip code-level smoke density data designed to capture wildfire smoke emissions with hospital utilization amongst HF patients. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used for the number of hospital visits, while zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used for readmissions. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and neighborhood socioeconomic status and included an offset for follow-up time. The results are the percent change and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Associations between prescribed fire occurrences and hospital visits were generally null, with the few associations observed being with prescribed fires within 5 and 2 km of the primary residence in the negative direction but not the more restrictive 1 km radius. However, exposure to medium or heavy smoke (primarily from wildfires) at the zip code level was associated with both 7-day (8.5% increase; 95% CI = 1.5%, 16.0%) and 30-day readmissions (5.4%; 95% CI = 2.3%, 8.5%), and to a lesser degree, hospital visits (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.0%, 3.0%) matching previous studies. Area-level smoke exposure driven by wildfires is positively associated with hospital utilization but not proximity to prescribed fires.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of air pollution exposure and increased coronary artery disease risk: the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility","authors":"Zuqiang Fu, Yuanyuan Ma, Changjie Yang, Qian Liu, Jingjia Liang, Zhenkun Weng, Wenxiang Li, Shijie Zhou, Xiu Chen, Jin Xu, Cheng Xu, Tao Huang, Yong Zhou, Aihua Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01038-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01038-y","url":null,"abstract":"Both genetic factors and air pollution are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), but their combined effects on CAD are uncertain. The study aimed to comprehensively investigate their separate, combined and interaction effects on the onset of CAD. We utilized data from the UK Biobank with a recruitment of 487,507 participants who were free of CAD at baseline from 2006 to 2010. We explored the separate, combined effect or interaction association among genetic factors, air pollution and CAD with the polygenic risk score (PRS) and Cox proportional hazard models. The hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of CAD for 10-µg/m3 increases in PM2.5, NO2 and NOx concentrations were 1.25 (1.09, 1.44), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) and 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), respectively. Participants with high PRS and air pollution exposure had a higher risk of CAD than those with the low genetic risk and low air pollution exposure, and the HRs (95% CI) of CAD in the PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and NOx high joint exposure groups were 1.56 (1.48, 1.64), 1.55(1.48, 1.63), 1.57 (1.49, 1.65), and 1.57 (1.49, 1.65), respectively. Air pollution and genetic factors exerted significant additive effects on the development of CAD (relative excess risk due to the interaction [RERI]: 0.12 (0.05, 0.19) for PM2.5, 0.17 (0.10, 0.24) for PM10, 0.14 (0.07, 0.21) for NO2, and 0.17 (0.10, 0.24) for NOx; attributable proportion due to the interaction [AP]: 0.09 (0.04, 0.14) for PM2.5, 0.12 (0.07, 0.18) for PM10, 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) for NO2, and 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) for NOx). Exposure to air pollution was significantly related to an increased CAD risk, which could be further strengthened by CAD gene susceptibility. Additionally, there were positive additive interactions between genetic factors and air pollution on the onset of CAD. This can provide a more comprehensive, precise and individualized scientific basis for the risk assessment, prevention and control of CAD.","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of exhaled nitric oxide with air pollutants in young infants of asthmatic mothers.","authors":"Elizabeth Percival, Adam M Collison, Carla Rebeca da Silva Sena, Ediane De Queiroz Andrade, Patricia De Gouveia Belinelo, Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes, Christopher Oldmeadow, Vanessa E Murphy, Peter G Gibson, Wilfried Karmaus, Joerg Mattes","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01030-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-023-01030-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exhaled nitric oxide is a marker of airway inflammation. Air pollution induces airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Little is known about the impact of air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in young infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Breathing for Life Trial recruited pregnant women with asthma into a randomised controlled trial comparing usual clinical care versus inflammometry-guided asthma management in pregnancy. Four hundred fifty-seven infants from the Breathing for Life Trial birth cohort were assessed at six weeks of age. Exhaled nitric oxide was measured in unsedated, sleeping infants. Its association with local mean 24-h and mean seven-day concentrations of ozone, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in diameter was investigated. The air pollutant data were sourced from local monitoring sites of the New South Wales Air Quality Monitoring Network. The association was assessed using a 'least absolute shrinkage and selection operator' (LASSO) approach, multivariable regression and Spearman's rank correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A seasonal variation was evident with higher median exhaled nitric oxide levels (13.6 ppb) in warmer months and lower median exhaled nitric oxide levels (11.0 ppb) in cooler months, P = 0.008. LASSO identified positive associations for exhaled nitric oxide with 24-h mean ammonia, seven-day mean ammonia, seven-day mean PM10, seven-day mean PM2.5, and seven-day mean ozone; and negative associations for eNO with seven-day mean carbon monoxide, 24-h mean nitric oxide and 24-h mean sulfur dioxide, with an R-square of 0.25 for the penalized coefficients. These coefficients selected by LASSO (and confounders) were entered in multivariable regression. The achieved R-square was 0.27.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of young infants of asthmatic mothers, exhaled nitric oxide showed seasonal variation and an association with local air pollution concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138482191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution after acute bronchiolitis is a risk factor for preschool asthma: a nested case-control study.","authors":"Hao-Wei Chung, Hui-Min Hsieh, Chung-Hsiang Lee, Yi-Ching Lin, Yu-Hsiang Tsao, Ming-Chu Feng, Chih-Hsing Hung","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01035-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-023-01035-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute bronchiolitis and air pollution are both risk factor of pediatric asthma. This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis. This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control retrospective study was performed at the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital systems between 2009 and 2019. The average concentration of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO, NO_2, and NO_X was collected for three, six, and twelve months after the first infected episode. Adjusted regression models were employed to evaluate the association between asthma and air pollution exposure after bronchiolitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two thousand six hundred thirty-seven children with acute bronchiolitis were included. Exposure to PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO, NO_2, and NO_X in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of bronchiolitis was found to significantly increase the risk of preschool asthma in infants with a history of bronchiolitis.(OR, 95%CI: PM₁₀ = 1.517-1.559, 1.354-1.744; PM_2.5 = 2.510-2.603, 2.148-3.061; SO₂ = 1.970-2.040, 1.724-2.342; ; NO = 1.915-1.950, 1.647-2.272; NO₂ = 1.915-1.950, 1.647-2.272; NO_X = 1.752-1.970, 1.508-2.252) In a sensitive analysis of hospitalized infants, only PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO_2, and NO were found to have significant effects during all time periods. (OR, 95%CI: PM₁₀ = 1.613-1.650, 1.240-2.140; PM_2.5 = 2.208-2.286, 1.568-3.061; SO₂ = 1.679-1.622, 1.197-2.292; NO = 1.525-1.557, 1.094-2.181) CONCLUSION: The presence of ambient PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of acute bronchiolitis has been linked to the development of preschool asthma in infants with a history of acute bronchiolitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and lung cancer: a systematic review of cut-off points.","authors":"Julia Rey-Brandariz, Cristina Martínez, Cristina Candal-Pedreira, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Leonor Varela-Lema, Alberto Ruano-Ravina","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01036-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01036-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is associated with the development of lung cancer. However, there is uncertainty around the exposure threshold at which exposure to RCS may pose a clear risk for the development of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to review the cut-off points at which the risk of mortality or incidence of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to RCS becomes evident through a systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a search in PubMed, including cohort and case-control studies which assessed various categories of RCS exposure. A search was also conducted on the webpages of institutional organizations. A qualitative data synthesis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty studies were included. Studies that assessed lung cancer mortality and incidence displayed wide variability both in RCS exposure categories and related risks. Although most studies found no significant association for RCS exposure categories, it appears to be a low risk of lung cancer for mean concentrations of less than 0.07mg/m³. Regulatory agencies set annual RCS exposure limits ranging from 0.025mg/m³ through 0.1mg/m³.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a wide degree of heterogeneity in RCS exposure categories, with most studies observing no significant risk of lung cancer for the lowest exposure categories. Cut-off points differ between agencies but are nonetheless very similar and do not exceed 0.1mg/m³.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10687911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to exogenous phthalate, masculinity and femininity trait, and gender identity in children: a Chinese 3-year longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Jieyu Liu, Di Gao, Huan Wang, Yanhui Li, Manman Chen, Qi Ma, Xinxin Wang, Mengjie Cui, Li Chen, Yi Zhang, Tongjun Guo, Wen Yuan, Tao Ma, Jianuo Jiang, Yanhui Dong, Zhiyong Zou, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01031-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-023-01031-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phthalate esters (PAEs) are known to have hormone-like properties, and there is a growing trend of children expressing a gender identity different from assigned sex. However, there has been limited research in the potential links between PAEs exposure and gender identity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 571 children (278 boys) completed the follow-up from Oct 2017 to Oct 2020 in Childhood Blood Pressure and Environmental Factors (CBPEF) cohort in Xiamen, China. Urinary PAE metabolites were measured at three time of visits using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The Children's Sex Role Inventory scale was used to assess gender identity (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated), and Tanner definition was used to define puberty timing. Generalized linear models and log-binomial regression were used to assess the relationships between PAEs exposure, gender trait scores and gender identity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the concentration of most PAEs in more than 90% of participants was above the limit of detection values. In visit 1, there were 10.1% boys with femininity and 11.3% girls with masculinity; while these figures increased to 10.8% and 12.3% during follow-up, respectively. Early puberty onset accounted for 24.8% and 25.6% among boys and girls. Long-term exposure to mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (β = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.13, 2.28), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP) (β = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.22, 2.28) and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) (β = 1.40, 95%CI = 0.24, 2.56) was associated with the increased differences of femininity trait scores in boys who enter puberty earlier, prolonged exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) might also have such a positive impact (β = 1.38, 95%CI = 0.36, 2.41). For gender identity, persistent exposure to low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) was negatively associated with undifferentiated type among boys entering puberty earlier (RR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.05, 0.75, P < 0.05), and most of the PAE metabolites exposures showed risk ratios > 1 for their femininity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term exposure to PAEs increase the femininity trait scores in boys with early onset of puberty. Although the mechanisms remain to be determined, environmental pollution might have subtle, yet measurable effects on childhood gender identity. Reducing these chemicals exposure has important public implications on gender development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}