Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal fluoride exposure and autistic behaviors in preschool-aged children: the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort study.","authors":"Adele Carty, Rivka Green, Carly V Goodman, John R McLaughlin, Howard Hu, Bruce Lanphear, E Angeles Martinez-Mier, Amanda J MacFarlane, Gina Muckle, Jeffrey R Brook, Christine Till","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01237-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder has risen in recent decades. Given the growing evidence that prenatal fluoride exposure may be neurotoxic, we examined associations between prenatal fluoride exposure and parent-reported autistic behaviors in preschool-aged children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 453 mother-child pairs using data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, a prospective Canadian birth cohort. Autistic behaviors were assessed in children at 3 to 4 years using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) Preschool Form, where a higher score indicates more autistic behaviors. We estimated prenatal fluoride exposure using three methods: (i) maternal urinary fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (MUF_SG), from spot urine samples collected at each trimester and the mean calculated across samples, (ii) daily maternal fluoride intake, based on self-reported consumption of tap water, coffee, and tea during the first and third trimesters, and (iii) water fluoride concentration in tap water. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate associations between the SRS-2 scale T-scores and each fluoride exposure separately. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between each prenatal fluoride exposure and an elevated SRS-2 total T-score (i.e., 90th percentile or higher). Potential effect modification of MUF_SG was examined by child sex, daily folic acid supplementation, and plasma total folate in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean SRS-2 total T-score for children aged 3 to 4 years was 45.3 (SD = 6.1, range = 34 to 85). The median MUF_SG concentration was 0.43 mg/L (interquartile range = 0.33 mg/L). MUF_SG was not significantly associated with the SRS-2 total T-score in multivariable linear regression (β = -0.16; 95% CI, -1.70, 1.39) or logistic regression (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.29, 1.96). Similarly, estimated daily fluoride intake and water fluoride concentration were not associated with the SRS-2 total T-score. No effect modification was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no evidence of an association between prenatal fluoride exposure and autistic behaviors in preschool-aged children, in contrast to previous MIREC research findings on lead and phthalates. Given that this cohort has relatively few children with high SRS-2 scores, further research is needed in other groups of children to more fully explore this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12607120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145494912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined glyphosate and chlorpyrifos-based pesticides impair innate and adaptive immune functions: an in vitro approach.","authors":"Adrián David Friedrich, Daniela Belén Gareis, María Eugenia Ordoñez, María Victoria Regge, María Cecilia Santilli, María Natalia Rubinsztain, Mariana Gantov, María Sofía Amarilla, María Eugenia Gaillardou, Carolina Ines Domaica, Mercedes Beatriz Fuertes, Norberto Walter Zwirner","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01241-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01241-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread use of pesticides, including glyphosate-based herbicides (e.g., Roundup®, R) and chlorpyrifos-based insecticides (e.g., Clorpi48®, C), has raised concerns about their environmental and human health impacts. Growing evidence links pesticide exposure to cancer development. Given the critical role of immune surveillance in tumor growth control, environmental pollutants such as pesticides should also be evaluated for immunotoxicity. Moreover, while individual pesticides have been extensively studied, the effects of pesticide mixtures on human immune cells remain poorly explored. Here, we assessed the impact of environmentally relevant doses of R, C, or their combination (R+C) on immune cell functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), NK cells, and T cells from healthy donors were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of R, C, or R+C. NK cell cytotoxicity, T-bet expression and IFN-g production were analyzed by flow cytometry, and immune synapse formation (LFA-1 localization) and perforin polarization were analyzed by confocal microscopy. T-cell proliferation, Th1 differentiation, and IL-2 signaling were also evaluated by flow cytometry. Oxidative stress was quantified using a fluorometric assay by measuring H₂O₂ production in PBMCs exposed to R, C, or R+C. Also, the role of oxidative stress in T-cell dysfunction was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of R+C, but not the individual compounds, significantly impaired NK cell cytotoxicity, IFN-g production, and immune synapse formation, as evidenced by disrupted LFA-1 localization and defective perforin polarization. In T cells, R+C exposure inhibited proliferation, Th1 differentiation, IL-2 signaling, and IFN-g secretion by CD8⁺ T cells, all key functions for effective antitumor responses. Mechanistically, oxidative stress contributed to the antiproliferative effect, as scavenging of H₂O₂ by catalase addition restored T cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate and chlorpyrifos-based pesticide mixtures disrupt innate and adaptive immune effector functions that are critical for the control of neoplastic cells and nascent tumor foci, suggesting that current risk assessments underestimate the immunotoxicity of combined formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12590857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary fluoride and dental fluorosis in relation to kidney and liver function in adolescents and young adults in the United States.","authors":"Durdana Khan, Alexandra Mattia, Zhilin Wang, Ashley J Malin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01235-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01235-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Higher fluoride in plasma has been associated with lower eGFR among adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); however, whether fluoride exposure may contribute to decreased kidney function or fluoride may accumulate in plasma from lower kidney filtration could not be parsed. We examined the presence of dental fluorosis (DF; reflecting chronic fluoride exposure during tooth development) among adolescents and young adults and urinary fluoride (UF) levels among adolescents in relation to kidney and liver parameters in the United States (US). METHODS: Participants were 1,031 adolescents (aged 12–19 years) and 734 young adults (aged 20–29 years) from NHANES 2015–2016. DF was derived from Dean’s Fluorosis Index (DFI), and defined as any DFI score indicating very mild, mild, moderate, or severe fluorosis, while scores of normal and questionable were categorized as no fluorosis. Kidney or liver function parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum uric acid, the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma glutamate transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and albumin. We conducted survey-weighted linear regression adjusted for covariates to examine associations between fluoride exposure and kidney or liver function. RESULTS: Adolescent participants were 15 years old and adults were 24 years old on average. The median (IQR) UF concentration among adolescents was 0.48 (0.48) mg/L. Approximately 74% of adolescents and 70% of adults had DF with varying degrees of severity (ranging from very mild to severe). Each 1 mg/L increase in UF was associated with an approximately 5 mL/min/1.73 m² lower eGFR among adolescents (B = -4.73, 95% CI: -8.35, -1.12, p = 0.010). Higher UF was also associated with higher serum uric acid (mg/dl) (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.33, p = 0.040) among adolescents. DF was associated with lower eGFR among adolescents (B = -3.72, 95% CI: -7.10, -0.33, p = 0.031) and adults (B = -3.90, 95% CI: -6.49, -1.31, p = 0.003). In addition, having DF was negatively associated with BUN among adolescents (B = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.44, -0.22, p = 0.007). No other significant associations were observed for liver markers. CONCLUSION: Chronic fluoride exposure during tooth development and recent fluoride exposure in adolescence are cross-sectionally associated with a lower rate of kidney filtration among adolescents and young adults in the US. Prospective US-based studies are needed to determine whether these associations are causal. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12577127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145421645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational asbestos exposure: 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Qiulin Huang, Yongran Cheng, Ruijiao Lei, Zijian Chen, Wei Gu, Kari Hemminki, Tianhui Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01217-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01217-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asbestos is a well-established occupational carcinogen, with strong evidence linking its exposure to lung cancer. Despite increasing awareness of its health risks, asbestos continues to be used in many countries. We aimed to evaluate the global burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational asbestos exposure and to analyze its epidemiological patterns across time and by regions, sex, and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized lung cancer data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, including information on new cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), along with their age-standardized rates by gender and age groups. Temporal trends were examined using Joinpoint regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The timeline data on global asbestos bans were retrieved from the International Ban Asbestos Secretariat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed, approximately 25 years after the complete ban on asbestos use, a declining trend for lung cancer incidence, as well as for mortality and DALYs due to asbestos exposure. In 2021, occupational asbestos exposure accounted for 9.4% of global lung cancer deaths and 7.2% of DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of asbestos-related lung cancer deaths increased from 0.13 million to 0.19 million, while DALYs rose from 2.58 million to 3.34 million. The highest deaths and DALYs were observed in regions with high Socio-demographic Index (SDI), though the most rapid increases occurred in lower SDI regions. Over time, lung cancer burden shifted towards older populations, especially those aged over 70.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found, for the first time, that a complete ban on asbestos with a lag time of 25 years could effectively reduce lung cancer incidence along with asbestos-related deaths and DALYs. These findings underscore the urgent need for a complete ban on asbestos (especially chrysotile).</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12573932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not whether but how: the ethics and Language of reporting back individual results.","authors":"Elisabeth Castillo, Sunil Khanna, Taylor Vogel, Julie Herbstman, Diana Rohlman","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01224-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01224-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The ethical obligation of reporting back research results (RBRR) is established. Yet the ethical dimensions of how RBRR is implemented remain largely unexplored. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program has identified logistical challenges in RBRR, citing limited guidance resources as a key obstacle. The objective of this research was to characterize and assess ethical considerations for RBRR: (i) with or without clinical significance; (ii) within a pregnancy cohort, and; (iii) within a study population with diverse cultural and traditional contexts. METHODS: Expert Panelists (n = 20), including exposure scientists, community engagement specialists, public health researchers, clinicians and ethicists convened virtually and completed short surveys to identify ethical considerations regarding how RBRR is conducted. While the original objective was to characterize ethical guidelines for RBRR across three potential outcomes, the Panel identified a need for RBRR harmonization; conflicting and inconsistently applied terminology and definitions prevented the Panel from fully discussing the original topics. RESULTS: Ethical considerations for conducting RBRR were mapped to the principles of bioethics (respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice), with Panelists suggesting that additional ethical frameworks could be used in parallel or as a replacement. However, when considering results with or without clinical significance, the Panel identified a clear need for standardized terminology when describing RBRR, particularly regarding the relevance of results to individual health, behavior, and knowledge. The Panel recommended the following related to RBRR: (i) develop centralized resources; (ii) develop multi-use materials; (iii) ensure clear assignment of RBRR responsibility within research projects; (iv) encourage active engagement of research participants in the RBRR process to foster and maintain trust; (v) recognize community-level harms and benefits; (vi) extend RBRR beyond study completion; and, (vii) establish standardized language. DISCUSSION: The Panel highlighted challenges such as non-standard terminology and difficulty discerning between RBRR with clear health or regulatory standards versus results without established, quantified health relationships. The Panel affirmed all research results, regardless of established health relationships, that benefit participants should be returned. While RBRR guidelines were considered universal, the Panel emphasized the need for nuanced considerations, particularly when working with culturally diverse or pregnant populations. Future work should address ethical considerations regarding RBRR’s responsibilities for depositing data in a public-use repository. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12560451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results of a multicentre Italian case-control study.","authors":"Pierluigi Cocco, Federico Meloni, Carlotta Trobbiani, Lucia Miligi, Daniela Ferrante, Marina Padoan, Giovanni Maria Ferri, Angela Gambelunghe, Giacomo Muzi, Corrado Magnani, Angelo Palmas, Giovanna Piras, Sara Piro, Mariagrazia Zucca, Maria Grazia Ennas, Roberta Zanotti, Aldo Scarpa, Sara De Matteis","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01232-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01232-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies formaldehyde as a human carcinogen, with sufficient evidence for nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia. However, the association with lymphoma subtypes has been less thoroughly investigated. We explored this link in an Italian multicentre case-control study. METHODS: A total of 867 incident lymphoma cases, histologically confirmed using the WHO classification, and 774 controls participated in the study. Occupational experts classified the probability, frequency, and intensity of exposure to formaldehyde for each study subject based on detailed questionnaire data and literature information. We used unconditional regression analysis to model the risk of lymphoma and its main subgroups and subtypes associated with different formaldehyde exposure metrics, adjusting for age, gender, education, and study centre. RESULTS: Ever exposure to formaldehyde was not associated with risk of all lymphomas combined, the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and B-cell lymphoma (BCL) subgroups, or the most prevalent BCL subtypes, but multiple myeloma (MM) (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.19–3.31). MM risk also showed consistent upward trends with all the exposure metrics (p for trend ranging 0.005–0.034). Hodgkin’s lymphoma risk was also elevated in the top categories of intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure, but no significant increasing trends were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an increased risk of multiple myeloma associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde. A stronger link was observed for daily exposure lasting 20 years or more. The risk of Hodgkin’s lymphoma was also elevated at high exposure intensities. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinogenicity of vinyl acetate: evidence from multiple data streams.","authors":"Kate Li, Karin Ricker, Feng C Tsai, Vanessa Cheng, Gwendolyn Osborne, Neela Guha, Sarah Elmore, Isabel Alvarado-Cruz, Martha S Sandy, Meng Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01218-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01218-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Vinyl acetate (VA) is a synthetic chemical that can be metabolized to form the carcinogen acetaldehyde (AA). This paper summarizes the key evidence relevant to the evaluation of VA’s carcinogenicity. METHODS: We conducted a literature search and reviewed data relevant to the carcinogenicity of VA using a systematic approach. The literature reviewed included epidemiological studies, animal carcinogenicity studies, pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies, as well as studies relevant to the key characteristics of carcinogens. RESULTS: The body of epidemiological evidence includes several occupational studies with significant limitations and one prospective cohort study that assessed ambient air exposure to VA and breast cancer risk. The evidence from animal carcinogenicity studies is considered strong. VA induced tumors in a number of tissues across different strains of rats and mice in both sexes, via two exposure routes (inhalation and drinking water). Some tumor findings showed dose-related trends and were not limited to site-of-entry tissues. VA’s metabolic link to AA strengthens the evidence by providing biological plausibility: both chemicals induced many of the same DNA adducts, genotoxicity endpoints, and tumor types at many of the same sites. In addition, VA demonstrates three of the ten key characteristics of carcinogens in that it can be metabolically activated to be electrophilic, is genotoxic, and induces cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Our review of VA’s carcinogenicity shows compelling evidence in animal cancer bioassays with supporting mechanistic data, including the formation of reactive compounds and DNA adducts, evidence of genotoxicity including clastogenicity and DNA damage, and the ability to induce cell proliferation and pre-neoplastic lesions. The metabolic link to AA was an important consideration. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12551282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic-related air pollution exposure at birth and risk of childhood leukemia: results from the GEOCAP-Birth case-control study.","authors":"Aurélie M N Danjou, Antoine Lafontaine, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Danielle Vienneau, Kees de Hoogh, Laure Faure, Jacqueline Clavel, Stéphanie Goujon","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01227-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01227-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Air pollution, in particular due to traffic, is suspected of increasing the risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL), most of the evidence coming from epidemiological studies and literature reviews that focused on the time around diagnosis. Using data on the national scale, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the risk of childhood AL. METHODS: This case–control study included 581 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 136 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), registered in the French national registry of childhood cancer and born and diagnosed between 2010 and 2015, and 11,908 controls. Exposure indicators were evaluated at the addresses at birth and included major road length in 500 m buffers, and modeled exposures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Exposures were considered in categories using tertiles’ cut offs or continuously for increments of ½ interquartile range. RESULTS: Both ALL and AML risks increased with PM2.5 exposure (OR ALL = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.08–1.20 and OR AML = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.00–1.25 for an increment of 2 µg/m3, respectively). The risk of ALL was associated with BC exposure in urban units of < 5,000 inhabitants and of 5,000–99,999 inhabitants (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.22–2.97 and OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.16–2.17 for an increment of 0.5 10–5/m, respectively), and not in more urban municipalities. An elevated OR for AML was observed for NO2 exposure (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 0.9–2.1 for the highest versus lowest category). There was no association with the length of major roads. CONCLUSION: The results support a role of exposure to air pollution at time of birth in the risk of childhood AL. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12541972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of an epidemic: age-period-cohort modelling of mesothelioma in Casale Monferrato, 1990-2021, with projections to 2042.","authors":"Margarita Giraldo, Daniela Zugna, Enrica Migliore, Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla, Milena Maule","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01236-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01236-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Italy, the area of Casale Monferrato in the Piedmont Region has experienced a high burden of malignant mesothelioma (MM) due to environmental contamination from Eternit, the country's largest asbestos-cement plant, which operated from 1907 to 1986. The severity of the health impact led to the area's designation as a Site of National Interest (SIN) for environmental and health concerns. Despite the 1992 asbestos ban, the MM epidemic persists, driven by the disease's long latency. Using data from the Piedmont Malignant Mesothelioma Registry (RMM), we describe MM trends in Casale Monferrato's SIN from 1990 to 2021 and project future incidence through 2042 using Age-Period-Cohort (APC) models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Incidence rates (1990-2021) were estimated as smooth functions of age and calendar time using APC models with restricted cubic splines. Projections through 2042 were made using three approaches: (1) spline-unrestricted, (2) spline-restricted, and (3) constraint-based approach. Performance was evaluated by predicting 2010-2021 rates using data up to 2010 and comparing predicted to observed cases. Sensitivity to the number and position of spline knots was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, 1,282 pleural MM cases (731 men, 551 women) aged 35-96 were recorded in the Casale Monferrato SIN. Occupational exposure was reported in 61% of men and 21% of women. Non-occupational exposures, including environmental and familial exposures, were common in women (58%) than in men (22%). Incidence increased with age up to 85-90 years, and with birth cohort up to 1945 (154 and 105 per 100,000 in men and women, respectively), then declined. Rates increased over time by period until the mid-2010s and began to decrease thereafter. All approaches projected a slow but steady decline, with case numbers by 2035 returning to early 1990s levels. By 2042, incidence is estimated at 31 per 100,000 in men (8 cases) and 34 per 100,000 in women (9 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three approaches yielded consistent results, predicting extinction of the MM epidemic curve around mid-century. However, the health burden will persist over the next two decades, highlighting the need for sustained environmental health surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12542330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid disrupting effects of exposure to sunscreens: in vitro and in vivo evidence of the impact of organic UV-filters.","authors":"Alessia Greco, Elena Franchi, Marco Denegri, Sara Ambrosino, Flavia Magri, Francesca Coperchini, Mario Rotondi","doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01229-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-025-01229-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), primarily from sunlight, is a natural component of environmental exposure and can cause genomic damage, photoaging, and skin cancer. Sunscreens containing UV-filters are widely used to prevent these effects and are also found in many personal care products. Despite their protective role, concerns have emerged regarding the accumulation of UV-filters in the environment and human matrices, along with their ability to act as endocrine disruptors, which main target include also thyroid hormone regulation. METHODOLOGY: This narrative review was performed through a systematic search of PubMed (Medline), Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Global legislations were reviewed from institutional websites and official databases of major international agencies. MAIN BODY: Various studies have shown that several UV-filters are detectable in human tissues, blood, urine, breast milk, and fetal circulation, suggesting systemic absorption and long-term exposure. Experimental evidence indicates that some UV-filters may affect hormone regulation by interacting with nuclear receptors, particularly those involved in thyroid function. Thyroid hormones are crucial for development, metabolism, and neurological function, mainly during critical life stages such as pregnancy and infancy. Disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis may result in long-lasting adverse effects. While previous research has mainly focused on estrogenic and androgenic effects, increasing evidence highlights the need to assess thyroid-specific endpoints. This review summarizes current in vitro and in vivo findings on the potential thyroid-disrupting effects of UV-filters. CONCLUSION: A better understanding of how UV-filters may interfere with thyroid hormone regulation is essential for evaluating their safety and informing regulatory decisions. Given the global variability in regulatory frameworks, this issue is particularly relevant for risk assessment and the development of safer and more sustainable alternatives in cosmetic formulations. Future research and awareness campaigns should focus on chronic exposure, mainly on vulnerable populations. </p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12529826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}