Greater exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with lower corneal nerve measures: the Maastricht study - a cross-sectional study.

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Health Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1186/s12940-024-01110-1

Sara B A Mokhtar, Jessica Viljoen, Carla J H van der Kallen, Tos T J M Berendschot, Pieter C Dagnelie, Jeroen D Albers, Jens Soeterboek, Fabio Scarpa, Alessia Colonna, Frank C T van der Heide, Marleen M J van Greevenbroek, Hans Bosm, Abraham A Kroon, Rudy M M A Nuijts, Marlies Gijs, Jeroen Lakerveld, Rayaz A Malik, Carroll A B Webers, Coen D A Stehouwer, Annemarie Koster

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that increased exposure to air pollutants can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. To further confirm this relationship, we evaluated the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and corneal nerve measures as a surrogate for neurodegeneration, using corneal confocal microscopy.

Methods: We used population-based observational cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study including N = 3635 participants (mean age 59.3 years, 51.6% were women, and 19.9% had type 2 diabetes) living in the Maastricht area. Using the Geoscience and hEalth Cohort COnsortium (GECCO) data we linked the yearly average exposure levels of ambient air pollutants at home address-level [particulate matter with diameters of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10.0 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and elemental carbon (EC)]. We used linear regression analysis to study the associations between Z-score for ambient air pollutants concentrations (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and EC) and Z-score for individual corneal nerve measures (corneal nerve bifurcation density, corneal nerve density, corneal nerve length, and fractal dimension).

Results: After adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, level of education, glucose metabolism status, corneal confocal microscopy lag time, inclusion year of participants, smoking status, and alcohol consumption), higher Z-scores for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with lower Z-scores for corneal nerve bifurcation density, nerve density, nerve length, and nerve fractal dimension [stβ (95% CI): PM_2.5 -0.10 (-0.14; -0.05), -0.04 (-0.09; 0.01), -0.11 (-0.16; -0.06), -0.20 (-0.24; -0.15); and PM₁₀ -0.08 (-0.13; -0.03), -0.04 (-0.09; 0.01), -0.08 (-0.13; -0.04), -0.17 (-0.21; -0.12)], respectively. No associations were found between NO₂ and EC and corneal nerve measures.

Conclusions: Our population-based study demonstrated that exposure to higher levels of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are associated with higher levels of corneal neurodegeneration, estimated from lower corneal nerve measures. Our results suggest that air pollution may be a determinant for neurodegeneration assessed in the cornea and may impact the ocular surface health as well.

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PM2.5和PM10暴露程度越高，角膜神经测量值越低：马斯特里赫特研究--一项横断面研究。

背景：流行病学和毒理学研究表明，空气污染物暴露量的增加可导致神经退行性疾病。为了进一步证实这种关系，我们使用角膜共聚焦显微镜评估了暴露于环境空气污染物与作为神经变性替代物的角膜神经测量之间的关系：我们使用了马斯特里赫特研究（The Maastricht Study）中基于人群的横断面观察数据，包括 N = 3635 名居住在马斯特里赫特地区的参与者（平均年龄 59.3 岁，51.6% 为女性，19.9% 患有 2 型糖尿病）。我们利用地球科学与健康队列联合会（GECCO）的数据，将家庭住址一级的环境空气污染物年平均暴露水平[直径≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) 和 ≤ 10.0 µm (PM10)的颗粒物、二氧化氮 (NO2) 和碳元素 (EC)]联系起来。我们采用线性回归分析法研究了环境空气污染物浓度（PM2.5、PM10、二氧化氮和碳元素）Z-分数与单个角膜神经测量值（角膜神经分叉密度、角膜神经密度、角膜神经长度和分形维度）Z-分数之间的关系：在对潜在的混杂因素（年龄、性别、教育水平、糖代谢状况、角膜共聚焦显微镜检查滞后时间、参与者的入选年份、吸烟状况和饮酒情况）进行调整后，PM2.5和PM10的Z分数越高，角膜神经分叉密度、神经密度、神经长度和神经分叉维度的Z分数越低[stβ（95% CI）：PM2.5 -0.10 -0.10 [stβ（95% CI）：PM2.5 -0.10 -0.10 [stβ（95% CI）：PM2.5-0.10 -0.10PM2.5分别为-0.10（-0.14；-0.05）、-0.04（-0.09；0.01）、-0.11（-0.16；-0.06）、-0.20（-0.24；-0.15）；PM10分别为-0.08（-0.13；-0.03）、-0.04（-0.09；0.01）、-0.08（-0.13；-0.04）、-0.17（-0.21；-0.12）]。二氧化氮与EC和角膜神经指标之间没有关联：我们基于人群的研究表明，暴露于较高水平的 PM2.5 和 PM10 与较高水平的角膜神经变性有关，这是由较低的角膜神经测量值估算出来的。我们的研究结果表明，空气污染可能是评估角膜神经变性的一个决定因素，也可能影响眼表健康。

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来源期刊

Environmental Health 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

1.70%

发文量

115

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts on all aspects of environmental and occupational medicine and related studies in toxicology and epidemiology. Environmental Health is aimed at scientists and practitioners in all areas of environmental science where human health and well-being are involved, either directly or indirectly. Environmental Health is a public health journal serving the public health community and scientists working on matters of public health interest and importance pertaining to the environment.