Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Building the model: a review of input structures in extreme temperature-health.","authors":"Domenico D'Ausilio, Marta Ellena, Alfredo Reder, Alessandro Pugliese, Paola Mercogliano","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01290-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01290-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The health impacts of extreme temperatures have been extensively studied through epidemiological models. However, limited attention has been paid to the specification of these models, particularly regarding input structure and model selection. Although exposure metrics and statistical techniques have evolved over time, a comprehensive synthesis of the variables included in these models, and the rationale behind their inclusion, is still lacking. This gap limits the comparability of studies and may compromise the robustness of temperature-health evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024 that employed quantitative epidemiological models to estimate the association between extreme temperatures and health outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we selected 119 studies through searches conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Each study was analysed in terms of spatial coverage, modelling framework, and model inputs. Inputs were classified into six functional groups: thermal exposures; environmental covariates (including both non-thermal meteorological variables and air pollutants); temporal controls; socio-demographic factors; health system indicators; and built environment characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial heterogeneity was observed in both input selection and model specification. Daily mean temperature was the dominant exposure metric, though rarely justified over alternatives. Environmental covariates were inconsistently included: while relative humidity was frequent, other meteorological modifiers and air pollutants were often omitted without clear rationale. Temporal adjustments were common but heterogeneous. Distributed lag non-linear models were the prevailing framework, varying greatly in lag structure, spline specification, and covariate integration. Socio-economic, health, and infrastructural indicators appeared in less than one third of studies, typically as effect modifiers in meta-regression analyses, highlighting uneven integration of contextual determinants. No consensus currently exists on what constitutes a minimum model specification necessary to ensure reliable and interpretable effect estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current temperature and health modelling remains fragmented, with notable variability in input specification and transparency. Strengthening methodological coherence through clearer guidance on input selection is essential. Greater integration of socio-economic and infrastructural variables would further enhance models' capacity to capture contextual vulnerability. To ensure reliability and policy relevance, future research should develop shared guidelines for input specification, define minimum modelling standards, and promote transparent reporting of analytical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of early-life arsenic exposure on morning plasma cortisol in adults from Antofagasta, Chile.","authors":"Rosemarie de la Rosa, Craig Steinmaus, Anthony Nardone, Amanda Silveira, Johanna Acevedo, Catterina Ferreccio, Martyn T Smith, Fenna C M Sillé","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01304-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01304-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 100,000 people were exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water in Antofagasta, Chile from 1958-1970. Individuals born during this high exposure period have elevated rates of cancer, lung and cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. However, the mechanisms of long-term arsenic toxicity remain unclear. We investigated whether early-life arsenic exposure was associated with altered glucocorticoid levels in adulthood. This study included 114 individuals born in Antofagasta during the high exposure period and 118 individuals born in other Chilean cities with lower exposure. Arsenic exposure metrics were constructed based on residential histories and included: concentration at birth, peak and highest 5-year average between ages 0-10 years, and highest lifetime 5-year average, and lifetime cumulative exposure. Morning plasma cortisol concentrations were measured using a cell-based bioassay. Individuals in the highest quartile of highest lifetime 5-year average of arsenic exposure had approximately 11% lower mean log cortisol levels than those in the lowest quartile of exposure (β = -0.116; 95% CI: -0.229, -0.003). In sex-stratified analyses, associations were stronger among female participants. For example, female participants in the highest quartile of cumulative exposure had 22.0% lower cortisol levels compared to those in the lowest quartile (β = -0.248; 95% CI: -0.444, -0.053) and the test for interaction by sex was statistically significant (p = 0.036). This study is the first to show that early-life arsenic exposure may suppress HPA axis activity decades after exposure has ceased. These findings support endocrine disruption as a potential mechanism underlying long-term health effects of arsenic and highlight early development as a critical exposure window.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In utero and childhood exposure to organochlorines and perfluorinated chemicals in relation to sperm aneuploidy in adulthood.","authors":"Melissa J Perry, Alessandra Meddis, Heather A Young, C Rebecca Robbins, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Niels Jørgensen, Jónrit Halling, Pál Weihe, Philippe Grandjean, Maria Skaalum Petersen","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01303-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-026-01303-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm chromosomal abnormalities are linked to infertility and may be caused by endocrine disrupting chemical exposures during development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether exposure to organochlorine compounds (OC), including polychlorinated compounds (PCBs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFASs) measured repeatedly since birth predicted sperm chromosomal abnormalities in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aneuploidy was determined in semen samples obtained from 96 Faroese young men aged 22-24 years who were members of a birth cohort created in 1986-1987. Their current and previous serum as well as cord blood were analyzed for DDE, major PCB congeners (118, 138, 153, and 180), and PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFHxS). Incidence rate ratios between the exposures and the risk of an extra sex chromosome in adult sperm were assessed as indication of meiotic errors. The mixture effect for overall exposures (PCBs and/or PFASs) was estimated as the change in the percentage of each type of disomy for a doubling of the exposures for two individuals within the same smoking status and abstinence time group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher concentrations of organochlorines in cord blood and in serum at ages 7, 14 years and 22 years were associated with increased proportions of chromosomal disomies. The PCB concentration in cord blood was associated mainly with having an extra Y chromosome (p-value: 0.006), while PFAS concentrations at adulthood were consistently associated with XX18 and YY18 disomies (p-values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide new evidence that fetal and subsequent chemical exposures can have enduring influence into adulthood on the formation of male germ cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term association between phthalate exposure in pregnancy and midlife bone mineral density among women in Mexico City.","authors":"Meizhen Yao, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, John D Meeker, Juan Tamayo-Orozco, Belem Trejo-Valdivia, Libni A Torres-Olascoaga, Adriana Mercado, Rebeca Trejo-Reyes, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Karen E Peterson, Deborah J Watkins","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01301-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01301-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational heat exposure and chronic kidney disease risk under climate warming: a retrospective cohort study of petrochemical workers with mechanistic insights.","authors":"Minhua Li, Yilin Zhang, Zitong Zhang, Shanshan Du, Rong Xu, Qing Zu, Zihu Lv, Wei Zheng, Weimin Ye, Jianjun Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01305-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01305-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and mortality in a University of Michigan amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohort: a survival analysis.","authors":"Meredith Pedde, Sara D Adar, Dae-Gyu Jang, Eva L Feldman, Stephen A Goutman","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01295-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01295-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and adrenal hormone alteration in Ecuadorian adolescents with home and school proximity to floriculture crop area.","authors":"Georgia L Kayser, Jasen Zhang, Azarakhash Baghdad, Jenny Wei, Briana N C Chronister, Alhelí Calderón-Villarreal, Kimberly C Brouwer, Jose Suarez-Torres, Franklin De La Cruz, Jose R Suarez-Lopez","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01291-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01291-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupation and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in a national survey of adults in Canada.","authors":"Patrick Hinton, Ryann E Yeo, Joanne Kim, Daniel R S Middleton, Katherine Pullella, Victoria Arrandale, Nathan L DeBono","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01297-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01297-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variation of asthma rates in Los Angeles County by environmental and socioeconomic indicators.","authors":"Parsa Khawari, Scott M Bartell, Andrew Odegaard, Veronica M Vieira","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01298-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01298-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential pathway linking DL-PCB exposure to intrauterine growth retardation.","authors":"Huisheng Yao, Chao Jiang, Hongyan Zhang, Si Si, Xingqiang Li, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-026-01263-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-026-01263-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}