Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Distinguishing Rock Fracture and Pore's T2 Signals From NMR Experiments With Assisted X-Ray CT Imaging","authors":"Ying Yang,&nbsp;Limin Li,&nbsp;Tingjun Wen,&nbsp;Luyi W. Shen,&nbsp;Elton J. Chen,&nbsp;Xu Dong,&nbsp;Jiangen Xu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used to characterize fluids in rock pore spaces, but traditional methods have difficulty distinguishing fractures from matrix pores in complex carbonate formations. To address this, we developed a calibration method that integrates X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging with NMR to identify fracture-related <i>T</i>_<i>2</i> signals. The method quantitatively calibrates NMR <i>T</i>_<i>2</i> spectra to fracture aperture sizes, improving the accuracy of fracture characterization. Fully saturated fractured samples were used, and fracture fluids were progressively removed using gas displacement techniques. NMR spectra were recorded before and after fluid removal to isolate fracture-specific signals. Fracture size distributions were estimated from CT images by pixel counting, and porosity was determined by fluid saturation measurements, with corrections for matrix porosity not captured by CT resolution. This workflow extracts fracture distributions from <i>T</i>_<i>2</i> spectra and establishes a correlation between pore radius (<i>r</i>) and <i>T</i>_<i>2</i>, enabling subsequent applications in core analysis and NMR logging. The method improves differentiation between fractures and matrix pores, enhances the interpretation of NMR data, and can be adapted to heterogeneous reservoir systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4178-4189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Energy Evolution Law of Rocks With Different Lithologies and Sizes","authors":"Yanchun Yin,&nbsp;Zitong Gao,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhao,&nbsp;Shudong He,&nbsp;Liyuan Liu,&nbsp;Guoying Li","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigating the actual patterns of energy accumulation and release in roof rock, particularly with varying stiffnesses in mining environments, is crucial. By conducting cyclic loading and unloading tests on rock samples of different lithologies, different sizes, and consistent stiffness, how lithology, size, and stiffness affect the evolution and distribution of rock energy were explored. Furthermore, the practical applications of stiffness theory in engineering contexts were discussed. This paper finds that, for samples of the same size but different lithologies, in loading, the rate of elastic energy growth accelerates with load and decreases with stiffness, whereas the peak proportion of elastic energy rises with stiffness. In unloading, lower stiffness leads to higher, prolonged elastic energy release. For samples of the same lithology but varying sizes, energy growth increases as stiffness decreases, with minimal peak proportion of elastic energy variation. In unloading, lower stiffness leads to higher, prolonged elastic energy release. Among samples with identical stiffness but different lithologies and sizes, little difference is seen in loading energy growth or unloading release rates, but elastic energy proportion varies mainly due to lithology. Higher Young's modulus and larger sizes result in greater elastic energy storage. Lab tests show that low-stiffness machines will cause dynamic damage to the coal specimen, whereas hard rocks are more prone to coal bursts due to higher energy storage and release compared to soft rocks. The main reason for the deviation between the two is that the energy storage capacity of hard rock is greater than that of soft rock, and the storage-release elastic energy of hard rock is greater than that of soft rock.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4199-4210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric Study on the Performance of Gas Springs in FPSE With Pneumatic Supporting System","authors":"Lingxuan Kong,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Zhibo Wu,&nbsp;Shuze Sun","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of a pneumatic supporting system composed of gas springs and hydrostatic bearings in the free-piston Stirling generator (FPSG) can effectively increase the power density of the nuclear space power plant. In this paper, a 1 kW FPSG with pneumatic supporting system was developed, and the working characteristics of dual gas springs were obtained under an external driving condition. A quasi-one-dimensional numerical model is established, the relative error between piston strokes is within 5%, and the maximum phase uncertainty is 5.36° between experimental and numerical results. The generator outputs 1011.3 W with a total thermo-electric efficiency of 14.85% under the rated condition, and the hysteresis loss of gas springs is 535.6 W, which accounts for 7.85% of the total power input, and the global stiffness reaches 96.43 N/mm. A multitude of influencing factors (including operational, constitutive, and sealing parameters) on the performance of gas springs are evaluated. An expression for the correction coefficient of stiffness with respect to five influencing parameters is established through data regression, as well as an empirical formula for the hysteresis loss as a percentage of the total input power. The correlations indicate that the order of weights affecting the performance of gas springs is as follows: compression ratio, configuration factor, gap thickness, gap length, and wall temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4059-4086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Emission Analysis of Biodiesel/Bioethanol/Nanoparticles Blends With Hydrogen Addition in Diesel Engine","authors":"Ravikumar Jayabal,&nbsp;Rajkumar Sivanraju","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by a combination of algae biodiesel (AB), bioethanol (BE), graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, and hydrogen (H₂) fumigation, assessing their potential as sustainable fuel alternatives. A single-cylinder diesel engine was tested under different load conditions using a biodiesel blend (AB + GO 50 ppm + BE 10%) as the primary fuel. At the same time, H₂ was introduced into the intake manifold via a port fuel injector at flow rates of 3 and 6 L/min (LPM). Emissions, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_<i>x</i>), and smoke opacity, were analyzed. Emission data from three independent runs at each load were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) to verify statistical significance. The findings showed that H₂ fumigation at 3 and 6 LPM reduced HC emissions by 33.33% and 46.66%, CO by 57.75% and 77.58%, and smoke opacity by 15.04% and 31%, respectively, when compared with conventional diesel. While NO<i>_x</i> emissions for the biodiesel blend without H₂ were 11.69% lower than diesel, H₂ fumigation increased NO_<i>x</i> by 20.71% and 39% at 3 and 6 LPM, respectively. Combining AB, BE, GO, and H₂ effectively reduces HC, CO, and smoke emissions while improving combustion efficiency. However, higher NO<i>_x</i> emissions with H₂ fumigation highlight the need for further optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4024-4031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Ignition and Combustion Analysis of Second-Generation Biodiesels in Turbocharged Diesel Engines","authors":"Balamurugan Mani,&nbsp;Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy,&nbsp;Deepika Gabiriel,&nbsp;C. Ahamed Saleel,&nbsp;Nasim Hasan,&nbsp;Fayaz Hussain","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the energy release characteristics of second-generation biodiesel blends derived from beef tallow and castor bean in a turbocharged compression ignition engine. The primary objective was to evaluate ignition delay, combustion phasing, and energy release rates at various engine loads using blends of B10 and B20 biodiesel concentrations. A comprehensive experimental setup, including a diesel engine and a detailed thermodynamic model, was employed for this analysis. Dynamometric testing was conducted to assess the performance of the biodiesel blends compared to mineral diesel and soybean biodiesel. Key parameters such as cetane number, viscosity, and fatty acid composition of the biodiesels were correlated with their combustion behavior. Energy release characteristics were measured under low (250 kPa), medium (500 kPa), and high (750 kPa) load conditions. The study revealed that beef tallow biodiesel advanced ignition timing, reducing premixed combustion phases across all loads. At low load, castor bean biodiesel showed significant ignition delays (around 3° crank angle longer than diesel), leading to higher peak energy release rates, notably at high loads where it surpassed mineral diesel. The B20 blend of castor bean biodiesel emitted 320 mg/kg of unburned hydrocarbons at low load, compared to 21 mg/kg for diesel, indicating challenges in achieving complete combustion. Beef tallow biodiesel exhibited favorable ignition characteristics, while castor bean biodiesel faced issues with delayed ignition and higher energy release rates due to its high viscosity and low cetane number. Optimizing the molecular composition of castor bean biodiesel and exploring advanced fuel injection strategies could enhance its combustion efficiency. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term effects on engine wear and emissions, ensuring these biodiesels' viability as sustainable alternatives to conventional fuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"2620-2630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel From Aregmone ocheroleuca","authors":"Eyob Hailemichael Yimer,&nbsp;Eshetu Getahun,&nbsp;Dawit Tessema Ebissa","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The experimental investigation and characterization of biodiesel from <i>Argemone ochroleuca</i> involves extracting oil from plant seeds through processes such as solvent extraction or mechanical pressing. Following extraction, transesterification is performed to convert the oil into biodiesel, typically using an alcohol (like methanol) and a catalyst (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). The produced biodiesel can be characterized by analyzing properties such as viscosity, density, flash point, acid value, and cetane number, often employing techniques like gas chromatography and spectroscopy to evaluate composition and purity. Such studies are essential to determine the feasibility of utilizing <i>Argemone ochroleuca</i> as a sustainable biodiesel production feedstock and assess its performance compared to conventional fuels. This study discusses On the experimental investigation and characterization of biodiesel derived from Aregmone ochroleuca, a plant known for its oil-rich seeds and also the production of biodiesel from argemone oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide catalysis through transesterification methods. The experimental run on argemone seed oil, focusing on the effect of particle size on oil extraction yield and physicochemical properties of crude oil. The oil was pretreated with sulfuric acid to reduce its acid value. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel were compared with ASTM and EU standards, and it was found that a good correlation between experimental results and biodiesel standards was expected. The maximum seed oil yield of <i>Argemone ochroleuca</i> was obtained by Soxhlet extraction from a smaller particle size of ripe seeds, yielding 38.05%. The oil's yellowish color and slightly transparent liquid with a refreshing and pleasant odor indicate its freshness and flavor quality. Including acid value, free fatty acid, saponification value, specific gravity, density, kinetics viscosity, and ash content, the physicochemical properties of the oil were determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"3979-3997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid–Liquid Flow Analysis of Francis-99 Turbine Runner: Effects of Sediment Concentration","authors":"Kang Xu,&nbsp;Pinyu Xiang,&nbsp;Ziyao Zhou,&nbsp;Yufan Xiong,&nbsp;Zhishun Yu,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu,&nbsp;Jiayang Pang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the behavior of solid–liquid two-phase flow within the runner of the Francis-99 turbine. Numerical simulations were carried out by Ansys Fluent software using the Mixture multiphase flow model along with the Realizable <i>k-ε</i> turbulence model to analyze the solid–liquid two-phase flow in the turbine runner. The sediment distribution on the turbine runner surface was evaluated for different sediment concentrations (SC = 500, 1500, 2500, 5000, 8000, and 11,500 ppm). The results indicate that sediment particles within the runner primarily adhere to the surfaces of the runner blades, displaying a uniform distribution. With increasing sediment concentration, the sediment volume fraction on the turbine blade surface rises significantly. The sediment distribution on both long and short blades exhibits similarity, with peak concentration observed at the trailing edge and mid-sections of the blades. Additionally, the sediment volume fraction is greater on the pressure side of the blades than on the suction side. This study aims to expand the research on multiphase flow characteristics of the Francis-99 turbine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4131-4142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of Geometry in Solar Water Heating: A Case Study of Cylindrical and Frustum Buckets","authors":"Pankaj Dumka,&nbsp;Nitesh Pandey,&nbsp;Dhananjay R. Mishra,&nbsp;Farruh Atamurotov,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohsin Alsayah,&nbsp;Nima Khalilpoor","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study studies the effect of bucket shape and geometry on the performance of solar water heating systems. Three plexiglass (PMMA) buckets were chosen: cylindrical, frustum, and inverted frustum. Each bucket has a capacity of 13 L and 3 mm wall thickness. The primary objective is to identify the most effective bucket shape and surface treatment for maximizing thermal efficiency under winter solar conditions. The buckets were evaluated in two configurations: with black-painted bases and with half the lateral surface painted black. Experiments measured solar intensity, water temperature, and heat transfer parameters using thermocouples and a solar power meter. Results revealed that the frustum-shaped bucket achieved the highest water temperature increase, reaching 47.5°C after 4 h, compared to 43.2°C and 41.8°C for the inverted frustum and cylindrical shapes, respectively. Numerical analysis validated the experimental results and provided insights into convective, evaporative, and radiative heat transfer. The outcomes emphasize the critical role of geometric optimization and surface modification in solar thermal design, offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for rural energy needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4087-4100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Micromechanical Properties of Minerals and Their Interfaces in Fractured Shale Reservoirs","authors":"Mengru Hou,&nbsp;Weiji Sun,&nbsp;Bing Liang,&nbsp;Jianfeng Hao,&nbsp;Qi Liu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanical properties of shale are key parameters affecting shale reservoirs. They influence the gas content in the shale reservoirs, expansion of hydraulic fractures, and microscopic changes in the in-situ stress. In this paper, the shale of Longmaxi Formation in Changning area of Sichuan Basin is taken as the research object. The method of constructing shale stochastic microscopic numerical model is investigated by means of scanning electron microscope experiments and image analysis. Shale microscopic modeling was performed in terms of different mineral interface morphology with and without natural fractures. A cohesion model based on the traction–separation law was developed using the finite element method to study the effects of interface morphology and fracture distribution on the micromechanical properties of the shale. The results showed that shales with similar mineral fractions and contents have different mineral interface patterns and inhomogeneities. When a shale is quartz-rich, linear interfaces are more favorable to brittle damage than curved interfaces. The natural fractures affect the deformability of the shale. The higher the fractal dimension of the fractures, the greater the inhomogeneity and prevalence of microfractures. As the fractures expand, their potential to open and penetrate the natural fractures favors strength reduction and brittle damage of shale. These results provide an important theoretical basis for studying the effects of inhomogeneity on the deformation and strength of shale reservoirs. The hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs for enhanced production and hydrocarbon recovery is of practical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"4032-4045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotional Role of Pd Over Ni Catalyst Dispersed Over Sc-ZrO₂ for Methane Partial Oxidation: Crystallinity and Reducibility Effects","authors":"Norah Alwadai,&nbsp;Kenit Acharya,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Salwa Bader Alreshaidan,&nbsp;Mohammed O. Bayazed,&nbsp;Ahmed I. Osman,&nbsp;Nawaf N. Alotaibi,&nbsp;Talal F. Qahtan,&nbsp;Gui-Ping Cao,&nbsp;Rawesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural emissions of the highly potent greenhouse gas methane cannot be completely prevented, but in the presence of O₂, methane can be catalytically converted to hydrogen-rich syngas. This reaction is specified as partial oxidation of methane (POM). Herein, Ni dispersed over “scandia-stabilized-zirconia” (5Ni/DSZ) and the promotional effect of Pd (0.01 to 0.1 wt%) are investigated for POM and characterized with surface area and porosity measurements, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed studies, and thermogravimetry. During the POM, the initial population of active Ni sites decreases in non-promoted catalysts due to oxidation under oxygen, upon loading of 0.02 wt.% Pd over 5Ni/DSZ, the active site population is preserved against oxygen during the POM due to improved metal support interaction between Ni and long-range order crystallites of support (like cubic ZrO₂ and orthorhombic Sc₂Zr₅O₁₃). 5Ni0.02 Pd/DSZ catalyst acquired more than 80% catalytic activity (CH₄ conversion and H₂ yield) with 2.5 H₂/CO ratio at 600°C during 240 min on stream. The 5Ni0.02 Pd/DSZ catalyst also maintained more than 70% H₂ yield with H₂/CO ratio ~2 during 30 h time on stream. The thermostable 5Ni0.02 Pd/DSZ catalyst may be recommended for hydrogen-rich syngas production with high H₂-yield through POM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 8","pages":"3935-3944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}