Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A High-Performance MPPT Solution for Solar DC Microgrids: Leveraging the Hippopotamus Algorithm for Greater Efficiency and Stability","authors":"Debabrata Mazumdar,&nbsp;Taha Selim Ustun,&nbsp;Chiranjit Sain,&nbsp;Ahmet Onen","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid growth of modern civilization has led to increased global warming and climate challenges. Variations in atmospheric temperature, sunlight intensity and other factors significantly impact the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. To maximize energy production, these systems must operate efficiently at their Maximum Power Point under varying weather conditions. This study introduces a new Hippopotamus Algorithm (HA) designed for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in solar PV systems connected to direct current (DC) microgrids. Performance of HA's is compared with three established optimization algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimization, Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Particle-Swarm Optimization across different operating scenarios and partial shading circumstances. Obtained results demonstrate that the HA not only achieves higher power output but also responds faster than existing methods. In each of the partial shading conditions, the efficiency range of proposed methods are 82.16% and 89.92%, respectively, and in the temperature variation case the efficiency is 84.67% which is far better than the other three approaches. As per stability concerns, the proposed HA-based MPPT approach attains minimal settling time and gives steady-state stable output power to its load in both partial shading, temperature fluctuation and steady-state conditions. A comparative analysis is also shown in tabular form in this article. Additionally, it effectively manages bidirectional power flow in both stable and fluctuating weather conditions. This approach ensures a resilient and sustainable architecture for low power generating situations when a DC microgrid is integrated with an HA-based MPPT system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2530-2545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Comparison Between Deep Learning Models for Fault Classification in Transmission Lines Using Time Series Data","authors":"Nadeem Ahmed Tunio,&nbsp;Mohsin Ali Tunio,&nbsp;Muhammad Amir Raza,&nbsp;Muhammad Faheem,&nbsp;Ashfaque Ahmed Hashmani,&nbsp;Rumaisa Nadeem","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep learning has become a vital tool for addressing complex challenges in power systems, particularly fault detection and classification in transmission lines. This study presents a comparative analysis of three advanced time-series models like temporal convolutional networks (TCN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and gated recurrent units (GRU) for fault classification. Leveraging a comprehensive data set encompassing diverse fault scenarios like single-phase to ground fault (AG), double line to ground fault (ABG), three-phase fault (ABC) from both simulated and real transmission line data, the study provides a rigorous evaluation of these models’ performance under realistic conditions. The results demonstrate that TCN achieves a fault classification accuracy of 99.9%, significantly outperforming BiLSTM (92.31%) and GRU (95.27%), while also excelling in precision, recall, <i>F</i>1 score, and training efficiency. Additionally, this study incorporates feature extraction techniques like discrete wavelet transform (CWT) to establish new benchmarks for fault classification. The findings underscore TCN's robustness in handling the dynamic nature of transmission line signals and its practical potential for real-time applications, contributing to the development of more reliable and efficient power system fault classification systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2330-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Canada's Green Hydrogen Production Potential Using Biomass and Waste Resources","authors":"G. Kubilay Karayel,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study examines the potential of green hydrogen production in Canada using biomass and waste resources. Considered biomass sources include urban waste, animal byproducts, forestry products and residue, crop residue, and purpose-grown energy crops. The calculations and discussion of the potential of each province are conducted to assess the feasibility of a hydrogen economy. Further studies and projections of the annual biomass potential for various regions are also conducted using government data gathered from ministerial sources. The generation of electricity is achieved by employing gasification and incineration systems, which result in the production of hydrogen as the end product. This comprehensive work further provides the hydrogen maps for each province in Canada, focusing on the biomass energy potential by utilizing gasification and incineration methodologies. The results of this study indicate that Canada has the potential to produce around 2.66 Mt per year of green hydrogen by utilizing its existing biomass resources. According to the data, the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Québec exhibit the greatest potential for green hydrogen production with 518.46, 449.33, 447.57, and 428.11 kt, respectively. The expected outcomes of this study are poised to provide valuable insights for policymakers in their use of renewable energy for the purpose of formulating and implementing new policies and initiatives. Additionally, these results are expected to contribute to the resolution of challenges associated with fossil fuel dependency. This may be examined within the framework of the prevailing policies implemented by policymakers to meet the energy demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2284-2296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Objectivity of AHP for More Reliable Solar Farm Site Selection","authors":"A. E. Dinçer,&nbsp;A. Demir,&nbsp;K. Yılmaz","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a popular decision-making method for reliable decisions in different areas of study. Although the conventional AHP method mathematically ensures the consistency of results, the reliability of these results depends on the expert manifests. While AHP was originally proposed for subjectively relatable criteria, there may also be additional objectively relatable criteria or a consensus about the final relation of some couple of criteria. To address these objective relations and/or consensuses, this study proposes the analytic hierarchy process with optimized hierarchy (AHP-OH). This method enhances the reliability of results by satisfying objective relations and/or consensuses about relations between criteria. The AHP-OH methodology was applied to select optimal photovoltaic (PV) farm locations in Konya Province, Turkey, a region characterized by diverse terrain and solar radiation levels. The study incorporated geographic information systems to analyze criteria, such as solar radiation rate, land use, slope, proximity to roads and transmission lines, and restricted areas. Results demonstrated that 2.56% of Konya's terrain is highly (80%–100%) suitable and 19.34% of it has moderately high (60%–80%) suitability for PV farm development, with five highly suitable regions identified. Notably, the locations of existing PV farms aligned closely with the identified suitable zones, validating the efficacy of the AHP-OH approach. This research underscores the importance of objectivity of decision-making methods and proposes AHP-OH to enhance the objectivity of the conventional AHP method. By providing a systematic and objective framework for spatial decision support systems, AHP-OH offers significant advancements for policymakers and developers in the renewable energy sector. Future applications of this methodology can extend to other regions and renewable energy sources, contributing to global efforts in sustainable energy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2315-2329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling of MHD Double-Diffusive Convection and Entropy Generation in an Inclined Curvilinear Lid-Driven Cavity","authors":"Mohammed A. Alomari,&nbsp;Khaled Al-Farhany,&nbsp;Abdalrahman Alajmi,&nbsp;Abdellatif M. Sadeq,&nbsp;Nirmalendu Biswas,&nbsp;Faris Alqurashi,&nbsp;Mujtaba A. Flayyih","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates numerically the effect of MHD and entropy generation on double-diffusive combined convection in an inclined enclosure filled with Si₂O/H₂O and heated fins. The geometry's base is connected to double fins with three locations in three cases. A range of variables has been considered, such as Reynolds, Richardson, Lewis, bouancy ratio, the volume fraction, Hartmann numbers, and the orientation of the enclosure, to investigate how these variables can affect the fluid flow and the mass and thermal transfer. The finite element method has been applied to solve these variables, and the main findings indicated that the value of average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers increases with the increase of volume fraction, Richardson, and Lewis numbers while decreasing with the increase of magnetic strength, Hartmann number. Where Nu_avg and Sh_avg increase to 65% and 19% when increasing Re from 40 to 180 while both values decrease to around 35% when increasing Haatmann number from 0 to 62. Moreover, increasing the volume concentration from 0 to 0.08 increases Nu_avg and Sh_avg to around 3% and 12% respectively. Furthermore, the average Sherwood number increases with the increase in inclination angle. In contrast, the average Nusselt decreases with the increase in the inclination angle, except for the right angle, which gives a higher value. Moreover, the total average entropy generation is reduced with the increase of the magnetohydrodynamic and buoyancy ratio while increasing with the rise of Reynolds, Richardson, Lewis, and the concentration of the nanoparticles. Also, the lowest values of entropy generation are generated in Case 3, while CaseI generates the highest values of entropy generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2297-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting Green Energy Production in Latin American Countries and Canada via Temporal Fusion Transformer","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Saleem,&nbsp;Javed Rashid,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahmad,&nbsp;Ali M. Al-Shaery,&nbsp;Saad Althobaiti,&nbsp;Muhammad Faheem","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forecasting green energy is crucial in diminishing dependence on fossil fuels and fostering sustainable development. However, it encounters notable challenges, such as variable demand, restricted data availability, the integration of various datasets, and the necessity for precise long-term projections. This study thoughtfully examines these issues using the temporal fusion transformer (TFT) model to project green energy production across five Latin American nations (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico) and Canada, drawing on data from 1965 to 2023. The performance of the proposed TFT is more authentic as compared with the gated recurrent unit (GRU), the long short-term memory (LSTM), deep autoregression (DeepAR), and the meta graph-based convolutional recurrent network (MegaCRN). The TFT has a mean square error (MSE) of 0.0003, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0173, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0112 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.76%. From the preceding results, it is clear that the proposed TFT model can identify dynamic energy patterns that will contribute towards achieving sustainable development goals by the end of 2040.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2262-2283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism and Control of Deformation and Failure of Mining Roadway in Thick Coal Seams Under Close Range Goaf","authors":"Yupeng Shen,&nbsp;Biao Hou,&nbsp;Yinwei Wang,&nbsp;Kun Pan","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to the problems of asymmetric deformation and failure caused by the close range and thick coal seam fully mechanized caving roadway, as well as the difficulty in ensuring the control effect of the roadway surrounding rock. Through numerical simulation and on-site industrial experiments, combined with the geological conditions of a certain mine site, the stress environment and plastic zone evolution law of the 13401 return airway in the entire cycle of excavation and mining are explored, and asymmetric support parameters are proposed to maintain the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. The results show that: (1) the presence of residual coal pillars and goaf in the upper coal seam leads to changes in the direction and magnitude of the principal/deviatoric stress in the surrounding rock of the roadway, while the nonuniform stress distribution causes butterfly shaped failure in the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock during excavation and recovery stages; (2) the theoretical calculations show that the plastic zone is not sensitive to the increase of support resistance, and the effect of increasing the support resistance within a certain range on reducing the failure range of the roadway surrounding rock is limited, and the roadway surrounding rock support should be changed from deformation control to stability control. (3) Based on geological conditions, stress field distribution, and the failure mode and range of tunnel surrounding rock, an asymmetric support optimization scheme is proposed using anchor cables for combined support. On-site mine pressure observation data shows that the application effect of the support optimization scheme is good.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2585-2601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Dolomite Reservoir Pore-Throat Structure Based on Cast Thin Section Image Analysis and Fractal Theory: A Case Study of Middle Jurassic Dolomite in the Southern Depression of Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Zhonglin Wang,&nbsp;Jiashan Lin,&nbsp;Shengfu Wen,&nbsp;Youli Wan,&nbsp;Yuan Xie","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation dolomite in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, is characterized by strong heterogeneity, low porosity, and low permeability, making the evaluation of its pore structure a challenging task. In this study, dolomite samples were extracted from boreholes and examined using cast thin sections and scanning electron microscopy. Combined with petrophysical analysis, we investigated the distribution and fractal characteristics of the pores, and explored the relationship between the fractal dimension and reservoir petrophysical parameters, pore structure parameters, and pore genesis. The results indicate that: (1) The types of storage spaces in the Buqu Formation dolomite in the study area include selective intercrystalline pores, nonselective intercrystalline pores, and fractures, with a relatively concentrated pore size distribution. (2) The R² of the fractal fitting curve of the large pore equivalent mercury injection is greater than 0.95, indicating that the large pores of the dolomite reservoir exhibit fractal characteristics, which can be used to characterize the pore structure. The pores are complex and diverse, with strong interlayer (overall) heterogeneity. (3) The fractal dimension of large pores has a good correlation with petrophysical parameters and pore structure parameters, and can be used for the quantitative characterization of the pore structure of the Buqu Formation dolomite reservoir. (4) The pores of carbonate sediments formed by sedimentation are the basis of the storage space and pore-throat structure of this set of reservoirs, and the subsequent dolomitization and dissolution processes jointly control the heterogeneity of the pore-throat structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2231-2246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Carbon Capture Costs in Power Plants: A Dimensional Analysis Framework for Optimizing Hybrid Post-Combustion Systems","authors":"Donald Obi,&nbsp;Samuel Onyekuru,&nbsp;Anslem Orga","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from power plants is crucial for transitioning to a low-carbon economy, necessitating the development of efficient carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. CCUS technologies are vital for achieving significant emissions reductions, with post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) emerging as a promising solution. However, high costs and energy penalties hinder its widespread adoption. Recent advancements in hybrid PCC configurations offer improved efficiency and cost reduction, necessitating comprehensive evaluations. This study investigates six feasible hybrid PCC configurations, integrating absorption, absorption, and membrane technologies, to identify the most viable option for CO₂ capture from natural gas power plants (NGPPs). A rigorous techno-economic evaluation is performed using Aspen Hysys design simulation and economic metrics, including investment costs, production costs, net present value, rate of return, levelized cost of electricity, carbon emission intensity, and cost of carbon avoidance. Dimensional analysis reveals the two-stage membrane + absorbent hybrid (2S-MB + AB) configuration as the most promising option. It demonstrates significant cost savings potential, with a 25% reduction in carbon capture costs. Sensitivity analyses highlight the critical role of optimal material selection, specifically membranes, and absorbents, in commercializing this technology. The findings contribute to developing efficient and cost-effective CCUS solutions, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change. The recommended 2S-MB + AB configuration offers a promising solution for reducing CO₂ emissions from NGPPs, providing valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. This research informs emissions regulations and incentives for CCUS adoption, guides investment decisions and technology development, and identifies further research and development areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2247-2261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Gas Turbine Rotor for Early Fault Detection","authors":"Muhammad Akhtar,&nbsp;Waqar Muhammad Ashraf,&nbsp;Nasir Hayat,&nbsp;Ghulam Moeen Uddin,&nbsp;Fahid Riaz","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rotodynamic analysis is a key analysis for turbomachinery for investigating the health and integrity of equipment. Most of the analyses are performed at the design stage, while the actual machine behavior is different due to imperfections like unbalance, misalignment, cracks, and so forth. In this paper, a representative CAD model of a gas turbine rotor is developed to get the actual rotodynamic response of a rotor. Vibration data of the rotor is compared with that of the developed numerical model. The reference model representation of the actual machine in terms of critical speed and vibration value is found to be 99.7% and 99.1%, respectively. Rotodynamic analyses of numerical models are performed for early identification of faults under various scenarios of unbalance, crack, and crack with unbalance. For these scenarios, modal analysis and harmonic analysis are performed. Natural frequencies and vibration behavior are utilized to capture the variation that indicates the presence of a fault. This way, early identification of faults is made to save the machine from damage. Within the unbalance range of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1.0</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>9</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> to 0.5 kg, a direct relation between change in unbalance mass and vibration amplitude is observed in the case of unbalance and unbalance with crack. Similarly, for cracks (of 1–3 mm thickness and depth up to 372 mm), a shift in maximum vibration amplitude frequency to first critical speed from second critical speed is noted. Hilbert transform is utilized to track the nonlinearity especially up to an operating speed of 3000 rpm (50 Hz). These key outcomes can be used to reduce rotary machine downtime by not only highlighting the problem at a very early stage but also swiftly identifying its root cause for the smooth working of rotary equipment in the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2546-2564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}