Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted appraisal of herbal-based yellow natural colorant for silk dyeing","authors":"Noman Habib,&nbsp;Shahid Adeel,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Fazal-ur Rehman,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed,&nbsp;Aamir Ali,&nbsp;Rony Mia,&nbsp;Rym Mansour","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global recognition of eco-friendly products like plant-based dyes is escalating, driven by their exceptional biological and Ayurvedic attributes. This study isolates colorants from mango turmeric (<i>Curcuma aromatica</i>) using ultrasonic irradiation, supplemented with bio-mordants to enhance color retention. Through the utilization of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design, a technique that was optimized was completed to maximize coloring variables using statistical analysis. Results from 32 experimental runs reveal that optimal color depth (K/S = 19.399) was achieved with ultrasonic-treated silk fabric (20 min exposure) using 65 mL of irradiated aqueous extract (20 min) with a pH of 5, supplemented with 1.5 g/100 mL salt of sodium chloride, maintained the temperature 75°C for the 45 min. Precoloring treatment with acacia, pomegranate, and pistachio extracts at specified concentrations enhanced colorfastness. Postdyeing, alterations in the concentrations of these extracts led to further improvements in colorfastness. Notably, adding Al⁺³ and Fe⁺² salts, alongside tannic acid, exhibited notable effects in both pre- and postdyeing stages. While the colorfastness properties of unmordated silk fabric was lower than mordanted dyed silk fabric. Irradiation with ultrasonic waves significantly boosted the amount of dye that could be extracted from rhizomes of mango turmeric. Moreover, the application of bio and synthetic mordants in a strategic manner led to colorfastness ratings on silk fabric that ranged from excellent to satisfactory. This research underscores ultrasonic technologies and bio-mordants' efficacy in sustainable dyeing processes, offering insights for developing eco-friendly textile coloration methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 11","pages":"5061-5077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on characteristics of gas seepage in broken coal and rock","authors":"Dingyi Hao,&nbsp;Shihao Tu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Hongbin Zhao,&nbsp;Shikun Xu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The characteristics of gas seepage in broken coal and rock composed of different particle sizes and grades were investigated in this study. On the basis of Darcy's law and non-Darcy seepage theory, equations of gas permeability in the nonlinear seepage of broken coal and rock, as well as the porosity of broken coal and rock, under triaxial compression were determined. The stress loading path of gas seepage in broken coal and rock was developed. The characteristics of gas seepage in broken coal and rock composed of different particle sizes and grades were analyzed, and the results showed that the gas permeability after compression was proportional to the particle size of the broken coal and rock. Under triaxial compression, the gas permeability of the broken coal and rock composed of graded-particle sizes was lower than that of the broken coal and rock composed of different single-particle sizes. The gas permeability of the broken coal was lower than that of the broken rock mass, and the gas permeability and porosity of the broken coal and rock can be described by the exponential decay function. At a constant porosity, the gas permeability of the broken coal and rock was proportional to the size grading index under triaxial compression. The coefficient of viscosity and gravity of the flow are key factors influencing the flow permeability in broken coal and rock. This study provides a reference for on-site practice such as the efficient extraction of gas in goafs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4737-4752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact assessment of alternative technologies for production of biofuels from spent coffee grounds","authors":"Wilberforce Kisiga,&nbsp;Manimagalay Chetty,&nbsp;Sudesh Rathilal","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the strategy to combat climate change that has been caused by the world's overdependence on fossil fuels, current research is focusing on the decarbonisation of the energy sector through the production of renewable cleaner energy, such as biofuels. Spent coffee grounds (SCGs), the waste stream of the coffee brewing industry, are a potential feedstock for the production of valuable products, including biofuels. However, the environmental implications for the valorisation of this valuable waste need to be investigated. This study assesses the environmental impacts of six biomass-to-fuel processing technologies using SCGs as a feedstock, with the aim of identifying the most environmentally friendly technology. A cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on fast pyrolysis, fermentation, anaerobic digestion (AD), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), gasification, and biodiesel production. The mass and energy balances obtained from Aspen Plus simulations served as the life-cycle inventory data. Using the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint (H) and Eco-Indicator 99 as the assessment methods, potential environmental impacts were calculated in OpenLCA software. Electricity generation and carbon dioxide emissions were the biggest contributors of environmental impacts. For each category, the maximum result was set to 100% and the results of the other variants were displayed in relation to this result. AD, with the smallest total weighted score (160), was the most environmentally friendly biomass-to-fuel processing route, while HTL, with the biggest total weighted score (893), was the worst. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the environmental performance of biofuel production from SCGs was highly influenced by energy input flows and the source of energy generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 11","pages":"4823-4842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously planning of transmission line expansion and energy storage in order to maximize the capacity of wind farms","authors":"Milad Nazeri,&nbsp;Mojtaba Najafi,&nbsp;Majid Hosseinpour,&nbsp;Mohsen Simab","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1881","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The speed of using renewable resources is expanding day by day. Renewable energy systems have many benefits for energy supply that do not include diesel, natural gas, or coal. Despite the many advantages, the use of renewable resources also includes basic challenges. With the presence of these sources, many technical issues must be considered in the network, the most important of which are voltage quality and network losses. The presence of these power plants can reduce fossil fuel costs and help reduce emissions. However, the high-capacity connection of these types of power plants in the transmission networks despite the uncertainty may cause the congestion of transmission lines, increase losses and decrease voltage quality. Therefore, to reduce the need to build transmission lines, energy storage devices can be installed and energy can be stored and returned to the network in certain hours. The purpose of this paper is to build the maximum capacity of wind power plants in the transmission network in such a way that its profitability is guaranteed. For this purpose, in addition to considering the costs related to the power plant, the costs of storage devices and the construction of possible new lines have been considered. Also, improving the technical conditions of the network and reducing the maximum emission after installing these units is considered as a multiobjective function. The problem tested on the standard IEEE test transmission network and the results show that it is possible to determine the maximum profitable capacity of wind power plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4308-4322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The greenhouse gas footprint of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from the United States","authors":"Robert W. Howarth","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1934","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from the United States have risen dramatically since the LNG-export ban was lifted in 2016, and the United States is now the world's largest exporter. This LNG is produced largely from shale gas. Production of shale gas, as well as liquefaction to make LNG and LNG transport by tanker, is energy-intensive, which contributes significantly to the LNG greenhouse gas footprint. The production and transport of shale gas emits a substantial amount of methane as well, and liquefaction and tanker transport of LNG can further increase methane emissions. Consequently, carbon dioxide (CO₂) from end-use combustion of LNG contributes only 34% of the total LNG greenhouse gas footprint, when CO₂ and methane are compared over 20 years global warming potential (GWP₂₀) following emission. Upstream and midstream methane emissions are the largest contributors to the LNG footprint (38% of total LNG emissions, based on GWP₂₀). Adding CO₂ emissions from the energy used to produce LNG, total upstream and midstream emissions make up on average 47% of the total greenhouse gas footprint of LNG. Other significant emissions are the liquefaction process (8.8% of the total, on average, using GWP₂₀) and tanker transport (5.5% of the total, on average, using GWP₂₀). Emissions from tankers vary from 3.9% to 8.1% depending upon the type of tanker. Surprisingly, the most modern tankers propelled by two- and four-stroke engines have higher total greenhouse gas emissions than steam-powered tankers, despite their greater fuel efficiency and lower CO₂ emissions, due to methane slippage in their exhaust. Overall, the greenhouse gas footprint for LNG as a fuel source is 33% greater than that for coal when analyzed using GWP₂₀ (160 g CO₂-equivalent/MJ vs. 120 g CO₂-equivalent/MJ). Even considered on the time frame of 100 years after emission (GWP₁₀₀), which severely understates the climatic damage of methane, the LNG footprint equals or exceeds that of coal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 11","pages":"4843-4859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD analysis of the impact of air gap width on Trombe wall performance","authors":"Khaoula Friji,&nbsp;Ons Ghriss,&nbsp;Abdallah Bouabidi,&nbsp;Erdem Cuce,&nbsp;Saad Alshahrani","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, there has been a lot of research and debate on how solar energy can be used instead of conventional sources of heating to power residential heating. In this study, the Trombe wall (TW) technique, based on natural convection and energy storage, was examined to predict mass flow rate, temperature field, and velocity field for the TW system under steady conditions. A numerical simulation model was investigated for further validation using k-ε turbulence and discrete ordinates (DO) radiation models. Independent grid studies were conducted to ensure that there were no changes after varying the grid numbers. The effect of the air gap was carried out to enhance TW thermal performance. CFD simulation shows good agreement with published data in the literature, and the optimum air gap was set at 0.1 m. The results pave the way for future studies to improve passive solar heating systems, which will eventually help move towards more sustainable residential heating solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4598-4612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of gypsum mine rock around a strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) cavern under the crude oil seepage condition","authors":"Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Qianjun Jia,&nbsp;Xingping Lai,&nbsp;Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Songtao Ji,&nbsp;Baoxu Yan,&nbsp;Helong Gu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As China's demand for imported oil continues to grow, large-scale oil storage facilities have become increasingly important. Currently, China primarily uses underground salt cavern spaces and newly excavated underground water-sealed caverns for oil storage, which places high demands on the rock formations. China has abundant and widely distributed gypsum mineral resources, and utilizing abandoned gypsum mines for oil storage could not only turn waste into treasure by controlling underground space but also generate significant economic and social value. This article aims to systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of gypsum rock through long-term immersion tests in crude oil to assess the impact of crude oil immersion on the mechanical performance of gypsum rock and explore the feasibility of using gypsum mines as long-term stable oil storage caverns. The results show that oil immersion treatment reduces the uniaxial tensile strength of gypsum samples, but has little effect on their compressive strength and long-term strength. From a mechanical performance perspective, it is feasible to use gypsum mine voids for crude oil storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4414-4428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of superheat degree on the performance of an organic Rankine cycle system that utilizes a wet working fluid","authors":"Jui-C. Hsieh,&nbsp;Yi-C. Hsieh,&nbsp;Yen-H. Chen","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited experimental research has been conducted on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems that use wet working fluids. Therefore, the present study examined how the performance of an ORC system that uses a wet working fluid (R134a) was affected by the superheat degree ratio (SDR) under various scroll rotation speeds. The SDR is the dimensionless ratio between superheat degree and evaporation temperature at a given heat source temperature. Experimental results indicated that at scroll rotation speeds of 900, 1350, and 1800 rpm, the maximum output power of the aforementioned system was 1103, 1464, and 1537 W, respectively, with SDRs of 0.49, 0.49, and 0.54, respectively. The maximum net efficiencies at these speeds were 5.87%, 5.91%, and 5.32%, respectively, which occurred at SDRs of 0.61, 0.49, and 0.48, respectively. This level of system performance was attributable to the high enthalpy at the expander inlet and the high mass flow rate at the high evaporation pressure under an SDR of approximately 0.5. Although increasing the SDR did not enhance the scroll expander's isentropic efficiency, this efficiency decreased considerably when the SDR fell below 0.2. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing the SDR of ORC systems to improve their performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 11","pages":"5019-5030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive study of vortices interaction and blades height effect in a Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine with J-type blades","authors":"Ramin Farzadi,&nbsp;Derrick Gharapetian,&nbsp;Majid Bazargan","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1892","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a growing demand to improve the performance of vertical axis wind turbines to facilitate their commercialization for application in urban areas. This study utilizes a 3D numerical analysis to examine the influence of different vortices generated on turbine efficiency with straight and J-type blades. The numerical simulation of this study employs the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and ‎sliding ‎mesh techniques ‎to more accurately model the rotational motion of blades about the turbine axis in relation to the ‎wind. Comparing the output ‎torque and the flow field at different span-wise sections, the J-type blades achieve better ‎performance at mid-spans where the effect of stall vortices is dominant. Conversely, the lower ‎performance of J-type blades is seen at tip spans due to stronger tip vortices. Investigations also ‎reveal the criticality of the downwind region on the overall performance at high tip speed ratios. It is observed that by ‎increasing the height, the tip vortices are limited to the tip sections, and stall vortices expand further ‎along the blade. At TSR = 1, the improvement by J-type blades rises from 10% at a height of 0.8 m to 44% ‎at 3 m. The growth in height at lower wind speeds becomes more beneficial. Compared to the straight blades, the self-starting ‎generated torque by J-type blades for heights of 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m, are improved by 15.6%, ‎‎26.9%, and 34.7%, respectively. Overall, it is concluded that by increasing the blade height, the superiority ‎of the J-type blade becomes more noticeable as the blade mainly contributes to suppressing the stall ‎vortices effect where the tip vortices effect is not presented. ‎</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4371-4393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sediment erosion on pressure pulsations in a large Pelton turbine","authors":"Bing Yao,&nbsp;Yijin Zhou,&nbsp;Baofu Wu,&nbsp;Jiayang Pang,&nbsp;Dengyun Jiang,&nbsp;Haiku Zhang,&nbsp;Jitao Liu,&nbsp;Bei Qin,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pelton turbines functioning in sandy river environments often encounter difficulties due to the swift movement of sediment particles, leading to erosion and damage to overflow components. These challenges can result in operational instability, particularly noticeable in large turbines. Pressure pulsation is crucial for turbine stability, and alterations in overflow component profiles caused by sediment erosion can worsen pressure pulsations. This study utilizes numerical simulations to analyze turbine pressure pulsations based on surface profile changes of runner buckets after 2 and 4 years of sediment erosion in a single 500 MW large-scale Pelton turbine. Our findings reveal that erosion leads to a gradual decrease in pressure pulsation along the bucket's splitting edge from the notch to the root. After 4 years of erosion and wear, the relative pressure pulsation amplitude in the root region increased by more than 530%. Additionally, changes occur in the thickness of the water film in the erosion area on the working surface, disrupting the flow pattern and generating more vortices. This occurrence intensifies the relative pressure pulsation amplitude and reduces bucket stability. The study findings highlight the significant impact of sediment erosion on Pelton turbine pressure pulsation, posing a considerable risk to the unit's operational stability and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"4040-4056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.1858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}