Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Proppant on Seepage and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Fractured Granite of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems","authors":"Xu Dong,&nbsp;Yu Wu,&nbsp;Decheng Li,&nbsp;Yang Hao,&nbsp;Haozhe Geng","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seepage and heat transfer characteristics of fractured rock are critical issues in hot dry rock exploitation. This paper investigates the effects of proppant on the seepage characteristics under different conditions through seepage experiments on split granite fractures. Subsequently, seepage–heat transfer coupling mechanisms in fractured granite are elucidated through numerical simulations. The results indicate that the flow rate increases in fractures with large crack widths as temperature rises, while in fractures with small crack widths, an increase in temperature reduces the flow rate. Additionally, normal constraint force increases with rising confining pressure, consequently reducing the flow rate. Extension of seepage paths is favored by higher injection pressures, thereby improving flow rates. The inclusion of proppant effectively supports the fracture, expanding its width and significantly increasing the flow rate. Furthermore, injection into the reservoir forms a low-temperature cooling zone, which gradually advances towards the outlet over time. Initially, the outlet temperature and extract heat rate remain stable before decreasing almost linearly. Proppant filling accelerates the heat transfer rate and significantly boosts the initial extract heat rate; however, it also leads to a faster decline in reservoir heat quantity, resulting in a subsequent extract heat rate lower than that of unfilled fractures. These findings underscore the importance of balanced extract heat efficiency and enhanced geothermal system reservoir longevity for the sustained exploitation of geothermal energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"847-861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burst Safety Analysis of Strengthened FeCrAl Claddings in APR1400 Fuel Rods Subject to LOCA Conditions","authors":"Jabir Ubaid,&nbsp;Maithah Alaleeli,&nbsp;Yongsun Yi,&nbsp;Saeed A. Alameri,&nbsp;Andreas Schiffer","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because of their greater accident tolerance, iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys hold great promise for applications in nuclear fuel claddings. Here, a finite element-based computational framework is developed to analyze the thermomechanical performance of APR1400 fuel rods with FeCrAl claddings subjected to a typical LOCA condition preceded by 4 years of normal operation. The effect of enhancements in the yield and ultimate strength of FeCrAl on the burst safety of fuel rods is evaluated for various choices of pellet diameters and cladding thicknesses. The pellet diameter is increased by reducing the cladding thickness and/or the pellet-clad gap thickness with the intention of compensating for the additional neutronic penalty of FeCrAl in comparison to the conventional Zircaloy. It is found that a reduction of the pellet-clad gap thickness from 83 to 50 μm can increase the cladding's burst safety by up to 35%. Additionally, strengthening FeCrAl alloys has significantly improved cladding performance under LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) conditions. Specifically, an 80% enhancement in the yield and ultimate strength has been shown to improve the cladding burst safety by 80%. The findings of this study suggest that improved material properties and geometric modifications can significantly improve the burst safety of FeCrAl-based ATF systems, which is an important consideration for their practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"728-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Soft-Switched Trans-Inverse Step-Up DC/DC Converter With Zero Input Current Ripple","authors":"Sara Hasanpour","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, a new single-switch high step-up DC/DC converter with soft-switching performance is presented for sustainable energy applications. In this circuit, zero input current ripple is obtained at a small value of the input inductance. Therefore, the ohmic loss of the input inductor will be significantly alleviated. Also, a three-winding coupled-inductor (TWCI) and a voltage multiplier are merged in this topology to achieve high voltage gain with an appropriate duty cycle. Semi-trans-inverse specification of this circuit makes it possible to achieve high output voltages under a lower magnetic turns ratio, which leads to power loss reduction. Moreover, a regenerative clamp recycles the leakage energy to the output and also mitigates the maximum voltage stress across the power switch. In addition, to help further efficiency improvement, a resonant tank with a quasiresonant performance between the middle capacitors and the leakage inductance of the TWCI is adopted to decrease the power dissipations of the switching components. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of the introduced converter are described in detail. To verify the superiority of the presented circuit, a comparison with relevant converters is provided. Eventually, the theoretical analysis was verified by a 300-W experimental prototype.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"714-727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Emissions and Health Impacts of Two Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation Methods","authors":"Elaheh Safaei,&nbsp;Kerry Kelly","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electricity production using fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and adverse health impacts. One option for decreasing fossil fuel consumption is replacing fossil fuel power plants with electricity produced from green hydrogen (H₂, produced from renewable sources). Previous studies mainly focused on greenhouse gas emissions from two common H₂ production methods, steam methane reforming (SMR) and water electrolysis. This study compares the estimated emissions and associated health outcomes of generating electricity from fossil fuels with electricity generated from H₂ produced through SMR or electrolysis in various regions of the United States. Shifting from coal-generated electricity to SMR-produced H₂-generated electricity results in health benefits while shifting from natural gas-generated electricity to electricity generated from H₂ generated via water electricity results in health costs in all regions. Depending on the region, replacing a natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H₂ produced via SMR or replacing a coal power plant with electricity generated from water electrolysis could result in either health benefits or costs. This study also considers the impact of plant location on human health outcomes as well as the impact of increasing renewable energy percentages on health outcomes associated with replacing a coal or natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H₂ produced through grid-based water electrolysis. The results indicate that a high renewable fraction (over 85% of the grid) is required to experience health benefits, emphasizing the challenges associated with moving toward electrolysis-based H₂ production for electricity generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"643-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Rural Farming: Agrovoltaic Applications for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Manish Kumar Singla,&nbsp;Jyoti Gupta,&nbsp;Anupma Gupta,&nbsp;Murodbek Safaraliev,&nbsp;Hamed Zeinoddini-Meymand,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agrovoltaics, also known as Agri-PV or AV, is an innovative approach that entails the shared utilization of land for both the production of agricultural commodities and energy generation. This concept has gained immense popularity in recent times owing to its ability to boost income per unit of land area significantly. The scope of AV systems is quite extensive, as it encompasses solar energy converters and other renewable energy sources like bioenergy. Current strategies for agrovoltaic (AV) in agriculture are the outcome of the gradual development of agroecology and the integration of photovoltaic (PV) power supply into the grid. These approaches could lead to a nearly doubled income per unit area. Without on-site power supply, reduced chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and on-site yield processing, AV has the potential to revolutionize large-scale unmanned precision agriculture and smart farming. These approaches might lead to significant changes in the logistics and value-added production chain, thereby reducing agriculture's carbon footprint. In the future, it is possible to reduce the cost of AV technology by half by utilizing decommissioned solar panels in the technology and to delay the need for bulk PV recycling by several years. This review presents a different perspective to the common discourse on the topic, by giving special emphasis to the potential to further integrate AV into agriculture, which has the potential to facilitate the resolution of relevant legal disputes over the use of AV.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"35-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Damage Evolution Mechanism of Siltstone by Water Content and Confining Pressure","authors":"Tian Shiyu,&nbsp;Zheng Lulin,&nbsp;Liu Hao,&nbsp;Lan Hong,&nbsp;Ren Weide,&nbsp;Tian Youwen,&nbsp;Xu Jin","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prolonged exposure of deep coal mines to erosion from groundwater results in a gradual accumulation of rock mass damage, which can lead to geological hazards such as deformation and instability. These challenges significantly impact the safe operation of deep coal mines. To understand the mechanisms behind siltstone damage progression related to water content and confining pressure, this study explores the influence of these factors on the deformation and damage evolution of siltstone, employing a combination of rock mechanics testing, numerical simulation, and CT scanning techniques. Results demonstrate that increasing water content reduces the compressive strength of rock, leading to more complex failure modes. In contrast, higher confining pressure strengthens the compressive capacity, thereby suppressing the formation and growth of transverse cracks under compression. Using Avizo software, a three-dimensional model of siltstone was developed to visualize the distribution of fractures in a three-dimensional field. In the MATLAB platform, a box dimension algorithm based on three-dimensional digital volume imaging was developed, employing box dimension theory and digital image storage methods. Fractal analysis reveals that the fractal dimension of internal fractures in loaded samples increases linearly with water content, indicating more extensive fracture development and greater specimen damage. Applying the box dimension from three-dimensional digital volume images as a metric facilitates characterizing the damage evolution in siltstone under different water content conditions. This approach provides a new means to quantitatively evaluate the growth and complexity of internal fractures in siltstone, offering insights into rock damage progression under varying moisture conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"765-780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-Power Coupling Dynamic Response and Regulation Characteristics of Variable Speed Pumped Storage Unit With Full-Size Converter","authors":"Yanhao Li,&nbsp;Kedong Shu,&nbsp;Wencheng Guo","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper aims to study the frequency-power coupling dynamic response and regulation characteristics of a variable speed pumped storage unit (VSPSU) with full-size converter (FSC). Firstly, the mathematical model of VSPSU with FSC is established. Secondly, the dynamic response of VSPSU with FSC under power disturbance is simulated, and the effect of operating speed on dynamic response of VSPSU with FSC is analyzed. Then, the frequency-power coupling regulation characteristics of VSPSU with FSC are revealed. Finally, the dynamic responses between VSPSU with FSC and fixed speed pumped storage unit (FSPSU) are compared. The results show that, with the same disturbance amplitude, the variation times of speed and output under positive power disturbance are longer than those under negative power disturbance. With a negative power disturbance of larger amplitude, the speed and output of VSPSU have a faster response. The regulation characteristics of VSPSU can be improved by adjusting both the parameters of governor and converter based on the operation requirements. Under both the positive and negative power disturbances, the dynamic response of active power of VSPSU is faster than that of FSPSU. Under the negative power disturbance, the dynamic response of speed of VSPSU is slightly slower than that of FSPSU.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"811-832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Flow Field Inside a Self-Priming Pump During the Self-Priming Process","authors":"Yu-Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Fu Li,&nbsp;Yan-Juan Zhao,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Guo,&nbsp;Zu-Chao Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, a closed-loop piping system that includes the self-priming pump is established and calculated. Two operating processes reflecting real situations are accurately calculated by means of UDF. The vortex identification method, entropy production theory, and energy gradient method are employed to deeply analyze and reveal the energy loss characteristics and flow stability. The results show that in the oscillating exhaust stage, the energy loss is greatest during the oscillating exhaust stage of the self-priming process. The reflux hole, the tongue, and the outlet section of the volute have larger energy loss. Within the impeller region, the entropy production is mainly concentrated at the impeller inlet and outlet; the entropy production distribution area and value are larger in the clearance of the wear-ring. In addition, the instability region in the impeller and the left side of the volute is significantly larger than the rest of the locations and increases considerably with the self-priming process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"833-846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigations of Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbine Using Non-Recirculating Sediment Test Rig","authors":"Ravi Poudel,&nbsp;Sailesh Chitrakar,&nbsp;Zhongdong Qian,&nbsp;Bhola Thapa","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water-suspended sediments wear down hydro turbine components by erosion, reducing their lifetime. Nonetheless, even heavily sediment-loaded rivers are a valuable renewable and clean energy resource. Forecasting sediment erosion and optimizing the hydraulic turbine design for extended durability by numerical flow simulations became imperative to operate the hydropower plant safely and economically in sediment-laden environments. This strategy is challenged by the unknown model parameters, that is, the lack of reliable validation data. Therefore, in this study, a 2 kW Francis-type model turbine is tested in a non-recirculating sediment-laden test facility. The Francis turbine runner and the guide vanes are coated with four different colors to visualize locations of surface degradation qualitatively due to erosion during operation in representative sediment concentrations. The turbine is tested at two different operating conditions OP₁ and OP₂ for visualizing the locations of erosion. For operating condition OP₁, with low rotational speed, erosion is primarily observed at the leading and trailing edge of the suction and pressure side, respectively. The Francis turbine runner is particularly eroded in the transition between the hub and the blades on the suction side towards the trailing edge. Meanwhile, for operating condition OP₂, with higher rotational speed, the trailing edge of the pressure side of the blade and the region of the shroud close to the trailing edge of the blades are found to be vulnerable to erosion. Test for the material erosion of the runner is conducted at OP₃ conditions with high sediment concentration over 45 h, reporting the weight loss in intervals of 15 h. It is observed that the cumulative erosion rate of the Francis runner made of brass material is 0.016 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹ after 45 h of operation. Similarly, the percentage loss of the runner with respect to the hours of operation is calculated to be 0.0065%, 0.04%, and 0.07% for 15, 30, and 45 h of operation, respectively. This data set can also be useful for qualitative and quantitative validation of computational fluid dynamic simulations for erosion prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"700-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Modeling and Optimal Operation Strategy of Building Cooling System Combining the Standardized Thermal Resistance and Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Liang Tian,&nbsp;Bohong Lai,&nbsp;Tianzhen Yang,&nbsp;Xingce Wang,&nbsp;Junhong Hao,&nbsp;Kaicheng Liu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integrated modeling and operation optimization of building energy systems is significant for improving the energy utilization efficiency and reducing carbon emission. This paper introduces the standardized thermal resistance to construct an overall heat current model of the building cooling system with coupled heat transfer, mass transfer, and energy conversion processes. Based on the heat current model, we derive the holistic thermal energy transfer and conversion constraints on the system level and reduce the intermediate parameters of the system model. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the system operation conditions under the given system structure parameters. The optimization results provide the optimal mass flow distribution of cooling water, return water, and ambient air and meanwhile show that the compressor power consumption can reach 76.5% of the total system power consumption. The change of user behavior by raising the room temperature to 4°C can reduce the total system power consumption by 20%. The results are in line with the theoretical reality and prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper, which provides a practical reference for the energy-saving operation of the building cooling system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"392-404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}