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Thermodynamic Performance of a Novel Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System Based on Guanidinium Sulfate (Gua2SO)4) Adsorption
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2054
Jiaxin Liu, Zhan Liu
{"title":"Thermodynamic Performance of a Novel Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System Based on Guanidinium Sulfate (Gua2SO)4) Adsorption","authors":"Jiaxin Liu,&nbsp;Zhan Liu","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, energy storage technology has developed rapidly with the aim to promote the development of renewable energy sources and establish a green and sustainable energy structure. A novel compressed CO<sub>2</sub> energy storage system based on Gua<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> adsorption is proposed in this study. Gua<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> has low sorption enthalpy and mild physical conditions in the adsorbent and desorption process, which are very beneficial for reducing the design difficulty of low-pressure gas storage devices and improving the system performance. The energy and exergy analysis models are conducted after establishing several assumptions. The round trip efficiency, energy density, CO<sub>2</sub> capture unit volume and liquid CO<sub>2</sub> tank volume are 68.8%, 12.6 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, 44,208 m<sup>3</sup> and 19,235 m<sup>3</sup> under design conditions, respectively. In addition, according to the exergy analysis, the liquefaction unit and compression unit have the highest exergy destructions. The monotonic increase in high-pressure cooler end temperature difference and ambient temperature will cause the system efficiency to show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The liquid CO<sub>2</sub> tank temperature and throttling pressure have a trade-off relationship on system performance. It should be noted that when the throttling pressure is below a certain value and the liquid CO<sub>2</sub> tank temperature is above a certain value, the system efficiency will sharply decrease. Moreover, increasing compressor and turbine efficiency has a conducive effect on improving system efficiency while the growth of heat exchanger pinch temperature and pressure loss rate have a negative influence to that.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"1132-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pareto Optimization of the Integration of Renewables for the Supply of Battery-Electric and Hydrogen-Electric Multiple Units at a Single Site
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2018
Stefan Arens, Alexander Windt, Christoph Streuling, Benedikt Hanke
{"title":"Pareto Optimization of the Integration of Renewables for the Supply of Battery-Electric and Hydrogen-Electric Multiple Units at a Single Site","authors":"Stefan Arens,&nbsp;Alexander Windt,&nbsp;Christoph Streuling,&nbsp;Benedikt Hanke","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Battery- and hydrogen-powered trains are emerging technologies that have the potential to play a key role in the decarbonization of railway lines for which full trackside electrification is not feasible. In this study, we examine Pareto-optimal energy supply concepts for a specific location along the Cologne–Gerolstein railway line. We investigate two supply concepts, one for battery trains making use of overhead line islands (OHLIs), referred to as the <i>OHLI supply concept</i>, and another for hydrogen trains that make use of hydrogen refueling station (HRSs), referred to as the <i>HRS supply concept</i>. The public grid, as well as renewable energy sources such as wind and PV energy, are considered sources of electrical energy supply. The sizing of these takes into account storage technologies and load time series specific to each supply concept. Simulation models are defined to evaluate the characteristics of an OHLI and HRS supply concept located in a small town (Gerolstein, Germany). Our findings indicate that the HRS supply concept results in more than twice the cost per MWh (111%/MWh higher) compared to the OHLI supply concept. However, the HRS supply concept achieves a 24.7% higher degree of self-sufficiency. Furthermore, the HRS supply concept requires a larger energy system in terms of installed renewable power and storage capacity. This enables the HRS to supply the entire line with energy, whereas the OHLI supply concept covers only a share of the overall energy demand of battery trains at the location under consideration. The remaining energy demand is covered by existing overhead lines or OHLI at another location.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"582-597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fault Diagnosis Model via Vibration Signal Analysis With an Improved BKA-VMD and CNN-TELM Hybrid Framework
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2036
Jingzong Yang, Xuefeng Li, Min Mao
{"title":"Fault Diagnosis Model via Vibration Signal Analysis With an Improved BKA-VMD and CNN-TELM Hybrid Framework","authors":"Jingzong Yang,&nbsp;Xuefeng Li,&nbsp;Min Mao","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rolling bearings are fundamental components of contemporary machinery, yet their prolonged usage frequently leads to wear, performance deterioration, and potential faults. In scenarios characterized by limited sample sizes and complex, noisy environments, traditional diagnostic methods often encounter difficulties achieving satisfactory fault identification results. To address these challenges, this study introduces an innovative approach for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Initially, the black-winged kite algorithm (BKA) is enhanced through the integration of a differential evolution strategy and an iterative search method, enabling the precise determination of optimal parameters for variational mode decomposition (VMD). Subsequently, a comprehensive index evaluation criterion is established to identify the optimal signal components, which are then subjected to a detailed analysis to extract diverse sensitive features, ultimately forming a hybrid feature set. To further improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis, this study proposes an enhanced extreme learning machine model, termed twin extreme learning machine (TELM). Moreover, the TELM model is seamlessly integrated into the architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN), specifically as a component of its output layer, resulting in a novel hybrid fault diagnosis model. Rigorous data validation performed on a rolling bearing testbed underscores that the proposed fault diagnosis model significantly surpasses conventional approaches, including SVM, KELM, ELM, LSTM, and softmax, in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1 score. Notably, the model maintains robust fault diagnosis capabilities even in environments with varying degrees of noise interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"781-810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of High-Temperature Molten Salt for Third-Generation Concentrating Solar Power
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2029
Xu Liu, Yuan Zhong, Jinli Li, Huaiyou Wang, Min Wang
{"title":"A Review of High-Temperature Molten Salt for Third-Generation Concentrating Solar Power","authors":"Xu Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong,&nbsp;Jinli Li,&nbsp;Huaiyou Wang,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current concentrating solar power (CSP) systems operate below 550°C, achieving annual electricity generation efficiencies of 10%–20%, which primarily employs nitrate molten salts as heat transfer fluids (HTFs). However, nitrate salts decompose at temperature exceeding 600°C, rendering them unsuitable for next-generation CSP systems, which aim to operate above 700°C. This review presents the first comprehensive analysis of high-temperature molten salts for third-generation CSP systems. This highlights the potential of carbonates, chlorides, and sulfates as HTFs due to their extended operational temperature ranges. Guided by phase diagrams, multicomponent molten salts are systematically engineered to achieve desirable thermal properties. The review provides a detailed synthesis of compositions and working temperature ranges for these molten salts, with a particular focus on underexplored sulfate-based salts. It consolidates critical data on the melting points and phase compositions of multicomponent sulfates and examines advancements in thermal property enhancements, including the integration of nanoparticles. By summarizing the latest progress and identifying future research directions, this work offers invaluable insights into the design and application of high-temperature molten salts in next-generation CSP systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"456-474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing Sustainable Compressed Earth Blocks Practices: A Critical Application of Simulation and Optimization in Reducing Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Emissions in Green Building
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2053
Yaser Khaled Al-Sakkaf, Faizah Mohammed Bashir, Mohamed Ahmed Said Mohamed, Emmanuel Falude, Taha Gammoudi, Yakubu Aminu Dodo, Mohsen Nazoktabar
{"title":"Advancing Sustainable Compressed Earth Blocks Practices: A Critical Application of Simulation and Optimization in Reducing Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Emissions in Green Building","authors":"Yaser Khaled Al-Sakkaf,&nbsp;Faizah Mohammed Bashir,&nbsp;Mohamed Ahmed Said Mohamed,&nbsp;Emmanuel Falude,&nbsp;Taha Gammoudi,&nbsp;Yakubu Aminu Dodo,&nbsp;Mohsen Nazoktabar","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the viability and benefits of utilizing compressed earth blocks (CEBs) as a sustainable construction material under varying climatic conditions, focusing on two cities in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, representing a hot desert climate, and Abha, representing a cooler, high-altitude climate. A comprehensive simulation-based methodology was employed, which included energy performance modeling and optimization using EnergyPlus software, climate data analysis, environmental impact assessment, and cost analysis. To further verify the results, the EnergyPlus simulations were validated using a machine learning model, specifically the gradient boosting regressor (GBR), to ensure accuracy and reliability. The simulations demonstrate that CEBs provide substantial benefits in terms of structural performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability. For instance, CEB buildings showed reduced cooling loads by 35% in Riyadh and 25% in Abha, while also maintaining high indoor air quality and thermal comfort, leading to 80-85% occupant satisfaction. The use of CEBs contributed to significant reductions in carbon emissions, with 90% renewable materials, and proved to be cost-effective over the long term. The GBR validation confirmed less than 2% variation from the EnergyPlus simulations, further ensuring the reliability of the results. Environmental impact assessments revealed substantial reductions in carbon emissions, resource consumption, and waste generation through the adoption of CEBs. Although the initial cost of CEBs may be slightly higher than traditional materials, the long-term energy savings and reduced maintenance costs make them an economically viable option, particularly in regions with extreme climates. This study underscores the potential of CEBs as a versatile, efficient, and sustainable building material, offering significant benefits in energy efficiency, environmental impact reduction, cost-effectiveness, and occupant comfort—all based on robust simulation and modeling results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"926-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interpretable Transfer Learning for Small Sample Coal and Gas Outburst Risk Identification Using TabNet
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2049
Shuren Mao, Yunpei Liang, Wanjie Sun, Quangui Li
{"title":"Interpretable Transfer Learning for Small Sample Coal and Gas Outburst Risk Identification Using TabNet","authors":"Shuren Mao,&nbsp;Yunpei Liang,&nbsp;Wanjie Sun,&nbsp;Quangui Li","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The identification of coal and gas outburst risks is crucial for the safe production of coal mines. The application of deep learning techniques in this domain shows significant promise, particularly in small sample scenarios. This paper investigates the use of transfer learning and self-supervised learning strategies in static outburst risk identification models under small sample data scenarios. A TabNet-based model was utilized, focusing on performance improvements achieved through pretraining, particularly with respect to recall rate and false negative rate. The model was pretrained using a combination of self-supervised and supervised learning to enhance adaptability and generalization capabilities for small sample data scenarios, followed by evaluation with stratified fivefold cross-validation. Experimental results demonstrated that the pretrained TabNet model significantly outperformed the non-pretrained model as well as traditional machine learning models, including random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVM, and MLP, in terms of accuracy and stability. Furthermore, removing features with weak correlations to the target variable further improved model performance, emphasizing the importance of integrating various learning strategies during data preprocessing and model training, particularly in limited data contexts. Model interpretability was also analyzed using SHAP and TabNet's inherent interpretability, confirming consistent feature importance rankings and highlighting the model's robustness and reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"909-925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of the Gas Extraction Effects With Different Numbers and Spacings of Boreholes Drilled Along a Coal Seam 沿煤层钻探不同数量和间距钻孔的瓦斯抽采效果对比分析
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2050
Yuexia Chen, Tingxiang Chu, Xuexi Chen, Peng Chen, Haidong Wang, Boning Jiang, Jialin Cao
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Gas Extraction Effects With Different Numbers and Spacings of Boreholes Drilled Along a Coal Seam","authors":"Yuexia Chen,&nbsp;Tingxiang Chu,&nbsp;Xuexi Chen,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Haidong Wang,&nbsp;Boning Jiang,&nbsp;Jialin Cao","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The number and spacing of boreholes drilled along a coal seam are important parameters of the borehole layout. Despite the previous extensive research by many experts, quantitative and visual comparisons of the gas extraction effects with different borehole spacings and numbers are rare. Here, the effective gas extraction range, delimited by the 0.74 MPa isobaric surface and lines, was simulated. The 0.74 MPa isobaric surface around multiple sets of boreholes at 60 days of gas extraction is wavy. At 50 days, the isobaric lines around a single set of boreholes are approximately circular, whereas those around multiple sets of boreholes are approximately elliptical. When five sets of boreholes are used, the short semiaxis of the elliptical contour around the middle borehole is approximately 59% greater than the effective extraction radius of a single borehole. Among the spacings investigated, the effective extraction volume V5 peaks at a borehole spacing of 5 m at 90 days; but, the isobaric lines at the top and bottom of the working face are concave inwards, that is, certain gas pressures exceed 0.74 MPa, thereby increasing the likelihood of gas emissions. Thus, at 90 days, the efficiency of gas extraction in this studied working face is higher as the borehole spacing is 4 m. This approach, which takes into account the superimposed effect of boreholes drilled along a coal seam, the radius of gas extraction, isolines, isobaric surface and the effective extraction volume, offers theoretical guidance for the arrangement of boreholes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"944-954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrical Power Interconnection-Based Urban Energy Systems: A Study of the Clean, Economic and Synergistic Operation 基于电力互联的城市能源系统:清洁、经济和协同运行研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2020
Xianan Jiao, Jiekang Wu, Yunshou Mao, Mengxuan Yan, Qingtao Rui, Zhikai Pang
{"title":"Electrical Power Interconnection-Based Urban Energy Systems: A Study of the Clean, Economic and Synergistic Operation","authors":"Xianan Jiao,&nbsp;Jiekang Wu,&nbsp;Yunshou Mao,&nbsp;Mengxuan Yan,&nbsp;Qingtao Rui,&nbsp;Zhikai Pang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As urban areas expand, energy demands are escalating, necessitating the development of urban energy systems (UES) to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction goals. Although small-scale regional integrated energy supply technologies have reached a level of maturity, urban-scale integrated energy supply solutions are still in development. In response, this study introduces an architecture for the UES and an economic and low-carbon operation strategy. The approach begins by constructing a highly reliable and robust integrated energy system (IES) within each independent region to accommodate a variety of energy needs, followed by the establishment of an operational architecture for large-scale urban energy systems. The study then examines the energy flow and the mathematical model of multiple energies within urban energy systems, simplifying the complex model for practical application. Subsequently, a multiobjective optimization model is developed to facilitate the large-scale consumption of clean energy, with considerations for economic and low-carbon operations, and is formatted into a linear programming model. The model's accuracy is empirically tested through numerical simulation in a city divided into three regions. The simulation results demonstrate substantial improvements in clean energy consumption, a reduction in carbon emissions, and a decrease in operational costs. Specifically, the proposed strategy can boost the clean energy consumption rate to 96.41%, cut operational costs by up to 50.13%, and lower carbon dioxide emissions by up to 57.59% compared to traditional technologies. These findings robustly validate the methodology's effectiveness, paving the way for more sustainable urban energy management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"657-672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distributions of Trace Elements and Their Relationships With Heavy Minerals in Some Chinese Low-Rank Coals
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2011
Peng Jin, Chong Tian, Yuxuan Huang, Bengen Gong, Xiaochuan Wang
{"title":"Distributions of Trace Elements and Their Relationships With Heavy Minerals in Some Chinese Low-Rank Coals","authors":"Peng Jin,&nbsp;Chong Tian,&nbsp;Yuxuan Huang,&nbsp;Bengen Gong,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To better understand the properties of low rank coals, especially the correlation information between the trace elements (TEs) and minerals, four typical low-rank coals in China, namely Xiaolongtan (XLT), Shenbei (SB), Huolinhe (HLH), and Shengli (SL) were quantitatively studied for their mineralogical characteristics and TEs distributions, to provide a basis for proposing methods to remove impurities from low-rank coal and reduce environmental pollution. Results show that light mineral fractions (LMFs, <i>ρ</i> &lt; 2.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) are more than 90% (wt.%) in the four low-rank coals with clay minerals dominating in composition. Minerals in the heavy mineral fractions (HMFs, <i>ρ</i> &gt; 2.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) vary from coal to coal. Rare heavy mineral particles including zircon, sphalerite, and gypsum are observed in HMFs from four low-rank coals. Minerals are the major carriers of the TEs, and different kinds of minerals carry different kinds of TEs. TEs such as Cu, Zn, Tl, As, Cd, Sn, Ni, Sb, Pb have an affinity to occur in pyrite; Gd, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Bi are associated with barite; Cr, Mo are abundant in Fe-bearing carbonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Influence of Control Valve Structure on Fuel Injection Performance of an Injector
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.2047
Yifan Yue, Run Zou, Liangyu Li, Tiexiong Su
{"title":"Analysis of Influence of Control Valve Structure on Fuel Injection Performance of an Injector","authors":"Yifan Yue,&nbsp;Run Zou,&nbsp;Liangyu Li,&nbsp;Tiexiong Su","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the basis of the structure of the traditional electromagnetic injector, this paper proposes a new type of electromagnetic injector structure by changing the opening mode of the control valve. Taking the fuel injection consistency and response time as the evaluation indexes, a one-dimensional simulation model was established to compare the fuel injection performance of the traditional electromagnetic injector and the new electromagnetic injector. For the new electromagnetic injector, the structural parameters of the control valve were optimized by orthogonal analysis. The results show that: compared with the traditional electromagnetic injector, the new electromagnetic injector had better multicylinder fuel injection consistency and more stable fuel injection quantity, but the opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were increased by 30.77%, 11.14%, 33.46%, and 0.44%, respectively. The closing time was decreased by 8.55%, which was due to the change in the force and motion of the control valve body. After optimization, the response delay time of the injector was decreased and the fuel injection consistency became better. The opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were decreased by 10.08%, 10.03%, 14.72%, and 4.57%, respectively; the closing time was increased by 3.42%. The average injection volume was decreased by 5.57%, and the variance value of fuel injection volume was decreased by 41.03%.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"894-908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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