Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Research on Optimal Width of Coal Pillars in Both Sides of Abandoned Mining Areas and Tunnel Control Technology","authors":"Shuaifeng Yin,&nbsp;Kanglei Han,&nbsp;En Wang,&nbsp;Yitao Yan,&nbsp;Xubo Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70548","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aiming at the key technical challenge of determining the reasonable width of section coal pillars and controlling roadway stability in the island face, this study takes the 4₂201 face of Shengxin Coal Mine as the engineering background. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field practice, a systematic investigation was conducted on the principles for determining the reasonable pillar width and the corresponding roadway control technology. The study analyzed the characteristics of the overlying strata structure and the distribution law of lateral abutment pressure, revealing the plastic zone evolution mechanism and stress concentration effect of the pillar under the superimposed influence of residual stress from adjacent goafs. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, a calculation model for pillar width was established. Numerical simulation was used to analyze the stress distribution, plastic zone development, and deformation characteristics of pillars with different widths, determining that a reasonable pillar width of 20 m balances both stability and resource recovery efficiency. To address the issue of asymmetric large deformation in the surrounding rock of roadways with this pillar width, an integrated control technology was proposed, termed “basic bolt-cable support + pillar-side cable support + pillar-side shoulder-niche roof cable coupling reinforcement control technology.” This formed a roadway support scheme centered on high pre-tension bolt-cable support, with emphasis on reinforcing the goaf-side wall and stress regulation. Field industrial trials demonstrated that after applying the reasonable pillar width and supporting control technology determined in this study, roadway surrounding rock deformation was significantly reduced, and stability was greatly improved. This successfully resolved the maintenance challenges of such roadways and notably enhanced the safety and efficiency of face mining. The research results provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for section pillar design and roadway maintenance under similar mining conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3625-3637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized Federated Learning for Wind Turbine Bearing Prognostics Under Data Scarcity and Statistical Heterogeneity","authors":"Jihene Sidhom,&nbsp;Lotfi Saidi,&nbsp;Eric Bechhoefer","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70551","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The reliability of wind energy systems heavily relies on the condition of critical mechanical components, with rolling element bearings being particularly susceptible to degradation and premature failure. Accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of these components is crucial for implementing predictive maintenance strategies aimed at minimizing downtime and reducing maintenance costs. Yet, practical use of data-driven prognostic models in industrial settings faces significant challenges, including limited access to run-to-failure data, varied operating conditions, and stringent data privacy requirements. This paper introduces a novel decentralized peer-to-peer federated learning (P2P-FL) framework that addresses all three challenges simultaneously. The central methodological innovation is the “virtual client” (VC) paradigm, in which statistical health indicators (HIs) extracted from vibration signals—root mean square (RMS), standard deviation (STD), crest factor (CF), and peak-to-RMS ratio (P2RMS)—are treated as independent federated learning (FL) clients. This paradigm is positioned as a domain-adapted instantiation of feature-level federation designed for single-asset industrial prognostics, where the conventional multi-entity FL requirement is structurally infeasible. This abstraction enables FL from a single physical machine, eliminates the dependency on multiple physically distinct data owners, and embeds domain knowledge from bearing diagnostics directly into the learning architecture. Built upon this paradigm, a fully decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture replaces the conventional central aggregation server with direct P2P model parameter exchange, governed by an adaptive performance-based aggregation mechanism. The framework operates under an honest-but-curious adversary model, providing data-minimising architectural privacy (no raw HI data is ever transmitted) while acknowledging that formal differential privacy guarantees are identified as future work. To align prognostic evaluation with operational maintenance decisions, we further propose a dual regression–classification evaluation framework combining standard regression metrics with ROC analysis, precision–recall curves, and probability calibration. Experimental validation on vibration data collected from an operational 2.2 MW Suzlon wind turbine (WT) bearing undergoing natural inner race degradation demonstrates that the proposed P2P adaptive framework achieves &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.94, ROC-AUC = 0.969, precision = 1.00 (zero false alarms), and a 52% root mean square error (RMSE) reduction over the centralized FL baseline. Additional validation on three FEMTO-ST benchmark bearing trajectories confirms generalisability (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.89–0.93). These results are obtained while transmitting only model parameters—never raw operational data—at computational cost equivalent to standard FL, demonstrating that privacy preservation and state-of-the-art prognostic accuracy ar","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3674-3696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Fuzzy Energy Management of Wind-Battery Systems With Flexible Desalination Load","authors":"Mustafa Fadel,&nbsp;Fajer M. Alelaj,&nbsp;Hussain Al-Sairfi,&nbsp;Mansour Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is an increasing shortage of water in dry and semiarid areas due to population growth, climate variability, and a lack of fresh water. Combining clean energy with desalination technology is an effective way to sustainably provide clean water in these areas, and this paper proposes a method for operating a renewable energy management system (EMS) with a combined wind turbine/battery-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system under these constraints. The RO will be modelled as a flexible electric load and water storage for buffering long-term supply reliability. A detailed simulation of operations will be carried out using actual wind data from dry areas, similar to those in Kuwait and Iraq, under seasonal conditions. Two example scenarios will be studied: one for low-wind (January) and another for high-wind (July). The proposed EMS is evaluated against a conventional constant-load baseline strategy using key performance indicators, including battery state-of-charge (SOC) stability, degradation index, wind energy utilisation, and freshwater production. Simulation studies have shown that the smart strategy method offers substantial improvements in a system's overall performance. For instance, in winter scenarios, this strategy reduces battery degradation by 49% while maintaining a comparable water volume from the facility. Similar improvements were observed during summer periods with high winds, with degradation reduced by 74%. The proposed strategy provided much greater stability in battery SOC variations and improved the operational lifespan of the batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3889-3905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Energy Carrier: Experimental Characterisation, Combustion Diagnostic and Benchmarking with Other Clean Metal Fuels","authors":"Zakaria Mansouri","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents an experimental investigation into the combustion of iron particles over a substantially extended size range (10–250 µm), addressing the limitations of prior research constrained to smaller particles (typically &lt; 100 µm). Using a drop tube burner setup, individual iron particles were released through a fuel-lean, laminar flat flame, and their combustion dynamics were observed via high-speed imaging and photomultiplier tube (PMT) measurements. The primary objective was to determine whether a single power-law scaling <i>(τ_b</i> = mdⁿ) could describe the burn time (<i>τ_b</i>) across the full particle size (d) spectrum. The results reveal that a single scaling law is insufficient; instead, two distinct combustion regimes emerge. For particles between 13 and 118 µm, burn time exhibits a weak dependence on particle size, indicative of rapid heating and diffusion-limited combustion. Above 118 µm, a stronger particle size dependence is observed, reflecting the increasing influence of internal heat conduction. This transition in scaling behaviour aligns with analogous trends found in aluminium and titanium combustion, suggesting a potential shift in the governing mechanisms at critical particle sizes specific to each metal. Additionally, high-resolution PMT diagnostics identified key sub-timescales constituting the ignition delay phase, including heating, melting, and thermal runaway. High-resolution imaging revealed unexpected nanoparticle formation during the burnout phase. This phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of liquid-phase iron combustion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of nanoparticles and explosive fragmentation events, the latter attributed to structural heterogeneities within the iron particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3862-3877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Dual-Encoder Transformer for Short-Term Regional Wind Power Forecasting","authors":"Jianfeng Che,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Keru Chen,&nbsp;Siqi Yan,&nbsp;Fei Qi","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate regional wind power forecasting (RWPF) is critical for grid integration and stability, yet remains challenging due to the inherently complex spatio-temporal dependencies among geographically distributed wind farms. This paper introduces the spatio-temporal dual-encoder Transformer (ST-DualFormer), an architecture designed to improve the accuracy of short-term RWPF. ST-DualFormer utilizes two parallel encoder streams to separately model temporal and spatial dependencies from meteorological and historical power data. In contrast to graph-based models that rely on predefined spatial connections, ST-DualFormer leverages the attention mechanism to capture comprehensive and dynamic correlations across all wind farms in a fully connected manner, facilitating flexible and comprehensive spatio-temporal correlations. Evaluated on real-world data from 28 wind farms, ST-DualFormer achieves a normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) of 5.25% and a normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) of 7.53% for three-day-ahead forecasting, outperforming the tested graph-based and Transformer-based baselines. Additional validation on two Weather2K-R regional subsets further provides initial evidence that the dual-stream architecture can transfer beyond the original study region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3774-3787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Thermal Performance Investigation of Nontracking Multiple Parabolic Trough Collector With a Single Absorber","authors":"Md. Akib Ul Islam,&nbsp;Golam Sharoar Fahim,&nbsp;Maruf Amin Sabbir,&nbsp;Nahyan Ahnaf Pratik,&nbsp;Md. Mahmodul Alam,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Ali","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A parabolic trough collector (PTC) is a system to harness solar energy and hconvert it into usable thermal energy. However, one operational limitation of the PTC is that it requires continuous solar tracking to capture the maximum amount of energy. But adding a solar tracking mechanism complicates the parabolic collector system, increases initial and maintenance costs, and requires substantial energy to operate. This study investigates the performance of a nontracking PTC and proposes a compact nontracking system design using multiple parabolic trough reflectors. It is designed by positioning three distinct parabolic trough reflectors so that the reflected rays are focused on a stationary absorber tube. Experiments were conducted over several days from November 2023 to May 2024, using water as the working fluid flowing through the absorber tube. Throughout the experimental period, nearly constant mass flow rates of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.7 kg/min of working fluid, a slightly variable inlet water temperature, and variable irradiance conditions were maintained. The proposed PTC system could provide a maximum outlet water temperature of 63.3°C at an inlet temperature of 53.2°C when direct solar radiation was 770.25 W/m², with the flow rate maintained at 0.3 kg/min. The system's maximum instantaneous efficiency was 51.78%, which varied with weather conditions and the working fluid's flow rate. Due to the absence of any tracking mechanisms, a considerable performance drop was observed during the early and late phases of the collection period. However, the use of multiple individual reflectors significantly mitigated the loss. This study focuses on simplified design, minimized heat loss, and improved optical performance while maintaining efficiency without the need for any tracking system in PTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3584-3607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Resilience-Based Reward-Penalty Scheme for Hardening Electricity Distribution Assets Against High-Impact, Low-Probability Disasters","authors":"Amirhossein Yousefi Joobeni,&nbsp;Reza Dashti","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural disasters are one of the primary causes of annual electricity blackouts, leading to customer dissatisfaction. When a natural disaster or a high impact and low probability (HILP) event, such as a storm, flood, or earthquake, occurs, electricity network assets may be damaged. To maintain the electricity supply chain and service quality, regulators must adjust the resilience level of electricity networks. Since the reward-penalty scheme (RPS) is a useful regulatory tool for electricity distribution companies (EDCs), this paper introduces a new resilience-based RPS that accounts for the number of EDC-damaged assets during natural disasters. In this model, the annual asset growth rate, annual asset failure rate, and annual disaster occurrence rate are incorporated. Additionally, the costs of asset hardening against natural disasters are modeled. Finally, hardening costs and RPS costs are compared. To optimize investment and facilitate decision-making, a total cost function is introduced. The proposed model is implemented on 39 Iranian EDCs against storm scenarios, demonstrating the long-term economic viability of proactive hardening investments over reactive penalty payments under HILP event scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3811-3827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance Analysis of Various Flat Plate Solar Collectors Incorporating Spiral and Square Arrangement of Circular Type Riser Tube","authors":"Sakhail Islam Biaz,&nbsp;Golam Sharoar Fahim,&nbsp;Md Akib Ul Islam,&nbsp;Nahyan Ahnaf Pratik,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Ali","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flat plate collector (FPC) is a solar thermal technology to use solar energy for heating in the residential and commercial sectors; however, their performance is strongly influenced by the configuration of the riser tubes, which affects both heat transfer and hydraulic losses. This study experimentally investigated thermal, hydraulic, and exergy performance while maintaining a constant absorber plate area. Type I and Type II are two spiral configurations with different tube diameters and flow path lengths and Type III is a elbow-based square configuration. In the assessment of performance, water was used as the working fluid with flow rates of 0.4, 0.5, 0.63, and 0.8 kg/min. The results indicate that the Type II outperformed the other configurations across all operating conditions, achieving a maximum temperature rise of 5.55°C, 155.52 W heat gain, and 66.98% thermal efficiency at a flowrate of 0.4 kg/min. Hydraulic analysis indicated that Type I experienced the highest pressure drop of 570 Pa at 0.8 kg/min due to its extended flow length and smaller hydraulic diameter, while Type II exhibited the lowest pressure drop owing to its larger tube diameter and reduced flow length. Type III showed intermediate hydraulic losses, attributed to elbow-induced minor losses associated with abrupt flow redirection. Exergy analysis further confirmed the superior thermodynamic performance of the Type II configuration, with a maximum exergy efficiency of 1.86%–1.88% at 0.4 kg/min. This study established that geometrical orientation of the riser tubes provides a key factor in increasing performance in flat-plate solar collector designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3828-3847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Optimization of Early-Warning Indicators for Impact Critical Stress in Deep Soft Coal Seams","authors":"Haichen Yin,&nbsp;Xiufeng Zhang,&nbsp;Atao Li,&nbsp;Yanliang Wang,&nbsp;Long Yuan,&nbsp;Chaohong Shi,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Caiping Lu,&nbsp;Liangjin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The accurate determination of early-warning indicators for critical impact stress in deep soft coal seams is a key scientific challenge for rockburst prevention in kilometer-deep mines. Based on the engineering context of the Hongyang No. 3 Mine, this study systematically investigates the evolution mechanism of relative stress in soft coal seams and establishes a set of targeted early-warning indicators. Through theoretical derivation based on damage mechanics, laboratory experiments comparing the loading response of soft and hard coal specimens, and FLAC³ᴰ numerical simulations replicating roadway excavation under various overburden conditions, the relationship between absolute stress and relative stress is quantitatively established. The results reveal that: (1) The low elastic modulus and rapid damage evolution of soft coal directly amplify the stress gauge response, with the stress change rate being linearly and negatively correlated with the damage evolution rate. (2) Under identical loading conditions, the increment in monitored stress values for soft coal is approximately 3.1 MPa per 10 MPa of load, nearly double that of hard coal (nearly double the 1.6 MPa per 10 MPa observed for hard coal). (3) By back-analyzing a historical rockburst event, the absolute critical stresses are determined to be 60.5 MPa (shallow boreholes) and 70.3 MPa (deep boreholes). Based on a linear conversion factor of approximately 2.34 between absolute and relative stress changes, the relative stress warning thresholds are set at 18 MPa (shallow) and 20 MPa (deep), with a unified daily stress change rate threshold of 3 MPa/d. Field validation on the 702 working face confirms that exceeding these thresholds correlates strongly with the occurrence of high-energy microseismic events. This study provides a quantitative theoretical basis for optimizing rockburst early-warning systems in deep soft coal seams, offering practical reference values with significant engineering implications for safe mining under similar geological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3726-3740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery Factor of Pure Helium Injection in Depleted Gas Reservoirs and Its Influencing Factors","authors":"Shijie Zhu,&nbsp;Danlin Chen,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Zuping Xiang,&nbsp;Zhijun Li,&nbsp;Mengna Yang,&nbsp;Da Li","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a non-renewable and strategically scarce resource, helium requires underground storage facilities to ensure national supply security. To address the lack of systematic research on pure helium storage behavior and recovery factors in depleted gas reservoirs, this study employs reservoir numerical simulation to investigate the effects of injection rate, production rate, storage duration, and injection-production schemes on helium recovery. The simulation incorporates helium's high diffusion characteristics and reservoir stress-sensitivity effects, with model validation through history matching. Targeting a storage capacity of 15 million m³ of high-purity helium, the study systematically analyzes the controlling factors affecting pure helium recovery efficiency. The results indicate that helium recovery factor in depleted gas reservoirs is jointly controlled by injection-production parameters and storage cycles. The competitive mechanism between diffusion loss and pressure maintenance dominates the evolution of recovery factor: short-cycle operations (immediate production) achieve the highest recovery factor of 88.64%, medium-term cycles (1–2 years) maintain recovery factors of 83%–84%, while recovery stabilizes after 3 years of storage (83.13%–83.23%). Specifically: (1) Synergistic control of low injection rates and high production rates can effectively enhance recovery factors. (2) Storage duration is a critical factor affecting recovery, with longer storage periods resulting in greater diffusion losses; the evolution exhibits a three-stage characteristic of “rapid decline-gradual decline-stabilization.” (3) Under continuous multi-year injection schemes, recovery factors demonstrate a “rapid decline-gradual decline-stabilization” trend, with the dynamic equilibrium between diffusion losses and pressure replenishment stabilizing recovery at 81%–82%. This study provides theoretical foundations and parameter optimization strategies for the construction and operation of strategic helium storage facilities in depleted gas reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3922-3934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}