Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Typhoon-Induced Effects on Wind Power Generation of a Coastal Wind Farm Based on Wind Observations","authors":"Beixi Jia,&nbsp;Yanbo Shen,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Yongyan Su,&nbsp;Chuanhui Wang,&nbsp;Jieru Wang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70347","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Guangdong Province, a significant wind energy producer in China, is frequently impacted by landing typhoons along its coastal areas. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of wind power generation during typhoons at coastal wind farms in Guangdong. This study examines power generation data from the Lingnan Wind Farm during Typhoon Chaba and calculates indexes including wind shear, temperature and pressure change. Results show that the average power generation of Lingnan Wind Farm was 44.4 MW/h during the study period, and when Typhoon Chaba approaches the wind farm within a proximity of less than 300 km, the average power generation increases by 43%. Conversely, when Chaba is more than 600 km away from the wind farm, the average power generation decreases by 10%. The analysis employing a random forest model identifies wind speed at 80 m height, 24-h pressure change, and pressure as the most influential factors throughout the study period. This underscores the significance of surface pressure and pressure variations at the wind farm for predicting wind power output at coastal wind farms during a typhoon process. The random forest model yields mean absolute error and root mean square error values of 9.4 MW/h and 11.6 MW/h, respectively, in the prediction of wind power generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Barriers to Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles Using Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Combined With Analytic Network Process","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar,&nbsp;Dinesh Yadav,&nbsp;Prabhu Paramasivam,&nbsp;Swathi Gowroju,&nbsp;Rupesh Gupta,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kanti,&nbsp;Leliso Hobicho Dabelo","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study employs a hybrid technique based on the Decision-Making Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Multiple Criteria Decision methods to investigate the causation and mutual influence strength among the barriers to the growth of electric vehicles in India. DEMATEL is used to discern between cause-and-effect barriers, while ANP ranks and prioritizes the various obstacles. This study gives critical insights into the linkages between these hurdles that will aid in the development of measures to promote the rise of electric cars. According to the findings, the barriers to electric car adoption include a lack of charging infrastructure, issues of fire safety, supply chain hurdles, range anxiety, and high cost of ownership. Generally, this study leads to a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of electric cars’ barriers and their interdependencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"236-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Research on the Quality of No-Gap Module Product","authors":"Sungho Hwang,&nbsp;Young-Su Kim,&nbsp;Dongchul Suh,&nbsp;Yoonmook Kang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70348","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the photovoltaic industry, high module efficiency products are preferred in the residential market because these products can be used on the rooftop of houses or buildings with limited surface areas. There are two ways to increase the module efficiency: boosting module output for the same input energy or by reducing inactive area in the modules. When reducing the module size, the space between cells in a string can be eliminated by overlapping them. However, this overlapping areas can cause critical reliability issues such as cell crack, which can lead to decreasing module power during its lamination process. We demonstrate that this type of cell crack on the overlapping area can be resolved by applying wire flattening technology and developing encapsulation materials with the dynamic sheer viscosity data at different temperatures. The combination of the flattening technology and precured high melting index of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) are the key technologies, which result in less stress on the overlapped area, eliminate the cell cracks, and finally prevent the future potential reliability issue in the field. The cell overlapping technology presented in this article can be implemented to increase the module efficiency by +0.4%. Additionally, this study can contribute to the development of the high module efficiency module products for larger solar cells, such as M10 and M12 size.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"228-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Classification Method of Surrounding Rock Quality for Phyllite Tunnels Under the Condition of Layer Orientation Parallel to the Orientation of Tunnel Axis","authors":"Jing Yang,&nbsp;Jingyong Wang,&nbsp;Hao Luo,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Chengfeng Wu,&nbsp;Rui Zeng,&nbsp;Yupeng Lu,&nbsp;Hao Man,&nbsp;Feng Ji","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The HC method for hydropower is a commonly used rock mass quality classification technique in China's hydropower industry. Due to the anisotropic nature of the layered schist in the study area, and the varying angles between different tunnel layers and the tunnel axis, significant discrepancies arise between the HC method's classification results and actual rock mass classifications when these angles are parallel. This study employs uniaxial compression tests on schist to reveal its anisotropic characteristics under loading directions at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles relative to the bedding planes. The compressive strength exhibits a V-shaped variation with changes in angle between loading direction and schistosity plane, while the elasticity modulus shows a linear decrease as this angle varies. Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to monitor deformations of surrounding rock masses around tunnels. The findings indicate that as the angle between bedding orientation and tunnel axis decreases, both wall and roof deformations increase progressively. Under conditions of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles, the ratios of wall deformation values are approximately 1:3.73:4.74:5.44:7.7; whereas for roof deformation values, they are about 1:1.3:1.94:4.7:6.7. When applying traditional HC methods for classifying surrounding rock quality in parallel schist tunnels, a low agreement rate of only 13.33% was observed. However, by incorporating adjustments based on scoring criteria related to major structural plane orientations into numerical simulation results—specifically modifying weights assigned to structural planes—the agreement rate improved significantly to an impressive 100%. These research outcomes effectively enhance both accuracy and applicability in classifying layered rock masses, providing reliable foundations for tunneling construction practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Battery-Based Adaptive Reconfiguration Technique for a Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Array","authors":"Palpandian Murugesan,&nbsp;Prince Winston David,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Balachandran,&nbsp;Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70340","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Partial shading is a significant concern that causes a current mismatch between rows, resulting in local power peaks. Dynamic reconfiguration methods may not completely eradicate the current mismatch. Hence, a battery of similar capacity injects a compensation current to nullify the current mismatch. The main limitation of this approach is the selection of a battery with a similar capacity for all the rows. To address this shortcoming, the proposed study introduces the experimental verification of the optimal section of the battery-based adaptive reconfiguration (OBAR) technique is verified on 4 × 4 total-cross-tied PV array to reduce the current mismatch. The OBAR is implemented in two steps: initially, the adaptive reconfiguration technique is performed by switching circuit 1 to reduce the current mismatch. The OBAR algorithm monitors the existence of a current mismatch; if the mismatch persists, the switching circuit 2 selects the battery of suitable capacity from a battery bank of three ranges: 0.5 Ah and 18 V, 1 Ah and 18 V, and 1.5 Ah and 18 V based on the current mismatch. The OBAR is tested experimentally, and its performance is related to that of the total cross-tied array, adaptive reconfiguration, and battery-based current mismatch reduction technique. The experimental results reveal that the battery of 0.50 Ah is the optimal selection with a power enhancement of 67% to nullify the current mismatch. The economic analysis of the OBAR indicates its viability and it can be prolonged to PV array of any size.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Hybrid Microgrid Dynamics Using an Agent-Based Reinforcement Learning (RL) Framework","authors":"Sudhakiran Ponnuru,&nbsp;Vendoti Suresh,&nbsp;B. Krishnaveni,&nbsp;Ravindra S.,&nbsp;Venkateshmurthy B. S.,&nbsp;M. Satyanarayana Gupta,&nbsp;K. Aravinda,&nbsp;M. J. D. Ebinezer,&nbsp;S. Prabhakar","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70343","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid microgrids, integrating renewable, and conventional energy sources are critical for sustainable and resilient power systems. Their dynamic performance is affected by uncertainties in load demand, generation variability, and control strategies. This paper investigates the performance of a grid-connected inverter in a hybrid microgrid and compares different controllers, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent. The proposed system integrates solar panels and wind turbines with traditional sources such as batteries and fuel cell stacks, with maximum power extraction achieved using a hill-climb MPPT technique. Four converters regulate the microgrid DC link voltage, and the RL agent's performance is evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions. Simulation results, validated in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate that the RL agent outperforms ANN and ANFIS controllers in terms of stability, power quality, and dynamic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"144-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Dynamic Characteristics and Control Strategies of Large Scale Cyclopentane Flooded Organic Rankine Cycle System","authors":"Haibo Xu,&nbsp;Xiaogang Qin,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;Weizheng An,&nbsp;Pengcheng Liu,&nbsp;Zuyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yingyi Ma","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas turbine exhaust temperatures typically exceed 500°C, with waste heat recovery significantly improving thermal efficiency. As a mainstream recovery technology, the organic rankine cycle (ORC) utilizes cyclopentane working fluid that has high evaporation temperatures but carries flammability risks. The combined dry and flooded heat exchangers stabilize flow while ensuring superheat, requiring strict liquid level safety. This study investigates dynamic characteristics and control strategies of a flooded ORC system with cyclopentane. Within safe liquid level ranges, pump speed affects system power by merely 0.48% maximum, eliminating the need for regulation; cooling water flow control yields no benefits, while an optimal 0.1 split ratio exists in heat transfer oil. The system maintains safe levels through pump speed adjustment according to operating condition variations and maximizes output power via heat transfer oil split ratio modulation. This study provides theoretical foundations for the operation and control of cyclopentane and flooded ORC systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"61-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Space-Based Infrared Shielding as the Solar Radiation Protections for Global Warming Mitigations","authors":"Kyung Bae Jang,&nbsp;Tae Ho Woo","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar radiation management (SRM) is a geoengineering strategy designed to combat global warming by reflecting sunlight away from Earth, thereby reducing solar heating. While SRM has the potential to lower global temperatures, it's distinct from addressing the root cause of climate change: greenhouse gas emissions. This study utilized system dynamics (SD) modeling to illustrate the relationships between various factors, including Solar Radiation Utilization. Simulation results for Spatial Position, Protection Principles, and Solar Radiation Utilization ultimately demonstrate a gradual increase in Global Warming Mitigation. Our study indicates that infrared-centric solar shielding effectively reduces global warming. We recognize the inherent uncertainties in the precise position and angle of such shielding, so we conducted simulations across two distinct spatial configurations. The comparative statistics from these simulations reveal that Case 2 resulted in a greater maximum value for global warming mitigation. This finding clearly shows the impact that the placement of solar shielding has on its overall effectiveness. Further research could explore optimizing this placement for even more substantial results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing MPPT Performance Using Adaptive Population Size and Run Length Distribution Analysis: A Simulation and Experimental Study","authors":"Saba Javed,&nbsp;Kashif Ishaque,&nbsp;Saqib Jamshed Rind,&nbsp;Jonathan Shek","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70345","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an adaptive population size (NP)–based accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (AAPSO) algorithm for duty cycle–based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed method directly modulates the duty cycle of a DC–DC converter, enabling rapid and precise adjustments to the maximum power point (MPP) under both uniform and partial shading conditions. AAPSO enhances conventional PSO by adopting a social-only variant and an adaptive Population size (NP) mechanism that begins with a large population for exploration and gradually reduces it to balance exploration and exploitation. To ensure robustness, the algorithm is executed 100 times, and performance is analyzed using statistical metrics and run-length distribution (RLD). Simulation results demonstrate approximately 99.8% tracking efficiency with a 100% tracking accuracy across all runs, while convergence counts are reduced nearly threefold compared to conventional Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) and two recent adaptive PSO-based MPPT methods from the literature. Experimental validation using a Ćuk converter prototype further confirms its practical feasibility. Overall, this study contributes an adaptive, duty cycle–based constrained PSO framework that integrates robustness, scalability, and statistical reliability for MPPT in large-scale PV systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"186-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Fault Classification in Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines: A Comparative Study Using Simulated and Real-Time Sequential Data","authors":"Nadeem Ahmed Tunio,&nbsp;Ashfaq Ahmed Hashmani,&nbsp;Fatima Tul Zuhra,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Altimania,&nbsp;Hafiz Mudassir Munir,&nbsp;Ievgen Zaitsev","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70346","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ese3.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prompt and accurate fault detection in extra high voltage transmission lines is required for guaranteeing the steadiness of power system. This study describes the performance of BiLSTM, GRU, and TCN as deep learning models for the detection and classification of faults in transmission lines through synthetic and real-time sequential datasets in 500 kV transmission line between Jamshoro and Karachi (NKI), in Sindh, Pakistan. Testing models' performance on simulated faults versus real fault events, the study concludes a major space and suggests insights for their practical applicability. The results show that deep learning models can reach vast level of accuracy in classifying different faults in transmission lines. This study forms the basis for exploiting modern fault detection practices in operating grids to improve their dependability and flexibility. The results revealed an accuracy of 98.31%, achieved by the BiLSTM, 94.27% for GRU and TCN as 99.8% through simulated data set, whereas using real-time fault data BiLSTM scored 62.05% accuracy, while GRU accuracy score achieved 96.43%, and TCN attained 100% accuracy. The results demonstrate that the deep learning models used in this study work well analyzing time series data by achieving high fault accuracy for fault classification in transmission lines. In general, the study was conducted to identify the best model in managing the fault over extra high voltage transmission lines under different conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"201-217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}