Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Techno-Economic and Environmental Performance of Solar-Driven Green Hydrogen Production: Influence of Photovoltaic Technology and Electrolyzer Selection Under Tropical Climatic Conditions","authors":"Abdelhak Lekbir,&nbsp;Abdullahi Mohamed Samatar,&nbsp;Putri Nor Liyana Mohamad Radzi,&nbsp;Saad Mekhilef,&nbsp;Kok Soon Tey,&nbsp;Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Green hydrogen produced through renewable energy-powered water electrolysis is a promising pathway for decarbonizing future energy systems. However, the performance, economic feasibility, and environmental implications of integrated photovoltaic (PV) hydrogen systems under tropical climatic conditions remain insufficiently explored. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of nine solar-driven hydrogen production configurations integrating three PV technologies: monocrystalline silicon (m-Si), polycrystalline silicon (p-Si), and amorphous silicon thin film (a-Si), with three electrolyzer technologies: proton exchange membrane (PEM), alkaline (ALK), and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEL). The analysis is based on 1 year of measured photovoltaic electrical output from the PEARL Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. The hydrogen production and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency figures reported here are model-based estimates derived from these measured PV data; the PEM, ALK, and SOEL units were not physically operated. The results indicate that the p-Si–SOEL configuration achieves the highest hydrogen production of 43.85 kg/year and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 7.98%. Economically, the p-Si system records the lowest levelized cost of energy at $0.072/kWh, while m-Si–ALK achieves the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen at $22.48/kg. Environmentally, m-Si–ALK exhibits the lowest lifecycle emission intensity of 7.2 kg CO₂/kg H₂, while p-Si yields the highest carbon mitigation potential. These findings establish a critical foundation for the strategic selection of optimal PV–electrolyzer configurations, offering actionable guidance for researchers, investors, and policymakers advancing sustainable green hydrogen production in tropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4171-4196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructure-Constrained Pathways for Large-Scale CO2 Mitigation via CCUS in China's Coal-Fired Power Sector","authors":"Linjie Fang,&nbsp;Xu Tang,&nbsp;Yuqing Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is essential for decarbonizing coal-dominated power systems, yet its large-scale deployment in China is constrained by high costs, uneven storage resources, and limited transport infrastructure. This study develops a plant-level, region-resolved multi-objective optimization framework for CCUS deployment in China's coal-fired power sector, integrating plant-level capture choices, CO₂ transport, utilization, geological storage, policy incentives, and energy-security considerations. Using data from 808 coal-fired power plants, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is applied to identify Pareto-optimal pathways that balance total system cost, net CO₂ mitigation, and a composite energy security index. Results show that the Pareto frontier spans 378–693 billion CNY in total system costs and 1.27–1.81 Gt CO₂ yr⁻¹ in annual net mitigation. Policy incentives exhibit a saturation effect: carbon prices above 50 CNY t⁻¹ CO₂ and subsidies exceeding 30% yield diminishing marginal returns once transport and storage constraints become binding. Diversified capture portfolios increase the energy security index by approximately 25% at only 3%–5% additional cost, while inter-regional source–sink coordination reduces total system costs by 15%–22%. These findings support coordinated infrastructure planning and balanced policy design for China's coal-power CCUS deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4152-4170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Cell Fixture Challenges in High-Pressure Operation of Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Lovis Wach,&nbsp;Constantin Ruess,&nbsp;Sophie Grabmann,&nbsp;Ruediger Daub","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have long been regarded as the next-generation battery technology, offering improved performance and energy density compared with state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. While many challenges in SSB development have been addressed, the high operating pressures required for promising sulfide-based SSBs remain a major drawback. To better understand pressure-dependent effects, precise and accurate high-pressure cell testing fixtures for large-format batteries are essential. This work introduces a spring-loaded, uniaxial cell fixture for large-format pouch cells and a robust procedure to ensure accurate control of the operating pressure without the need for costly sensors. Finite-element analysis is combined with direct fixture deflection measurement to implement a deflection-based pressure-setting strategy. The approach is benchmarked against torque- and screw-angle-based methods and validated using digital pressure-mapping sensors. Across the design operating range of 10–30 MPa, the fixture achieves a mean absolute percentage error below 3% of the cell pressure with high repeatability and pressure homogeneity over the active area. This work provides design requirements, calibration and validation procedures, and practical guidelines, enabling affordable, reproducible high-pressure studies and facilitating the transfer of this methodology to other cell formats and pressure targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4333-4343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen-Enriched Tri-Fuel Combustion for Low-Carbon Engines at Medium Engine Load: A Comprehensive CFD Analysis","authors":"Md. Ifthaker Alam,&nbsp;Tafsirul Hassan,&nbsp;Md Imtiaz Hossen,&nbsp;Md. Shaib Hossain,&nbsp;Bandhon Saha Bijoy","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global commitment to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 has intensified the growing demand for sustainable and low-carbon energy systems. Inspired by this vision, hydrogen (H₂) has attracted massive attention as a clean and highly reactive alternative fuel in this era of sustainable energy. Although H₂-assisted dual-fuel combustion has been widely investigated, very little research has been conducted on the H₂-assisted tri-fuel mode. Accordingly, a numerical analysis of this tri-fuel concept is documented in this paper, where the effects of various hydrogen energy shares (HESs) on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a diesel-CH₄-H₂ fueled engine are investigated. The ANSYS Forte CFD software, linked with the ANSYS CHEMKIN tool, is employed for this numerical investigation. The results indicate that H₂ addition improves in-cylinder fuel-air mixing and, as a result, more uniform combustion occurs with lower emission levels. The in-cylinder maximum pressure rises from 8.6 MPa for the pure diesel case to 10.3 MPa at the 60% HES case. This is an improvement of around 20%. The maximum in-cylinder temperature also increases from 1437 K to 1649 K, which represents a 15% rise. The ignition timing also advances from about TDC to 2.3 CA bTDC. The maximum chemical heat release rate increases from 500 J/°CA for the pure diesel case to 1400 J/°CA in the 60% HES case. The 10%–90% heat-release duration shortens by nearly half, and the indicated specific fuel consumption lowers by 26%. These findings suggest more rapid and complete combustion with the addition of H₂. At this highest HES level, carbon monoxide and soot emissions measured at the exhaust valve opening reduce by almost 61% and 95%, respectively, compared to the pure diesel case. However, NO_x emissions show a 31% rise in this case due to higher combustion temperatures. Unburned hydrocarbon and volatile organic compound emissions initially increase but decrease at higher HES levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4130-4151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Song Gao,&nbsp;Bingchan Zhou,&nbsp;Zhumu Fu,&nbsp;Zhaohui Jiang,&nbsp;Kaikai Zhang,&nbsp;Qihui Ma,&nbsp;Mingchong Dong,&nbsp;Fazhan Tao,&nbsp;Pengju Si,&nbsp;Xin Jin","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) integrate fuel power and electric drive systems, which enhancing energy efficiency while reducing environmental impact. With the increasing global emphasis on sustainable development and energy saving, HEVs have gradually become a hot topic of concern for both experts and consumers in the automotive industry. As the core of HEV, energy management strategy (EMS) can improve energy efficiency and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction by coordinating the power distribution between fuel and power system. At present, many scholars are tirelessly studying the complex field of energy management. This paper tries to summarize these research results, aiming at comprehensively summarizing the latest progress and future development track of EMS for HEVs. Before the classification of EMSs, the working principles of different types of HEVs are examined in depth, and the energy management problems are summarized according to the different research objectives. In addition, considering that various strategies have their advantages and disadvantages, a strategy based on algorithm mixing is proposed in the classification of EMSs. Finally, according to the current market demand and challenges in the development process, the upcoming trend of HEV energy management is prospected.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4058-4076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Bipolar DC Connection Strategy for Photovoltaic Power Plants With a 50% Reduction in DC Cabling Length","authors":"Duško M. Tovilović,&nbsp;Željko R. Đurišić,&nbsp;Vladan R. Durković","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70574","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes a novel interconnection scheme for photovoltaic (PV) arrays and power electronic converters in PV power plants (PVPPs), referred to as the bipolar direct current (DC) connection strategy (bipolar configuration), to enhance system performance. The proposed configuration is topologically analogous to the bipolar configuration utilised in High-Voltage Direct Current power transmission systems. On the basis of a real-world PVPP with an installed capacity of 42.56 kWp, models were developed and computer simulations conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink software. A model of the PVPP's supporting structure was developed based on laboratory measurements. By implementing the proposed configuration on the test PVPP, a 50% reduction in the length of the DC system cabling was achieved, thereby decreasing the system's electrical energy losses. Savings in copper consumption were also realised, amounting to 0.197 kg/kWp, which represents a 50% reduction, alongside a 0.46% decrease in the Levelised Cost of Energy. It was demonstrated that the metallic masses can be utilised as a return conductor, as no realistic operating conditions were recorded in which significant touch potential differences occurred that could jeopardise personnel safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4230-4247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow Characteristics and Response Surface Methodology-Based Pressure-Loss Prediction Models for the Reverse Circulation Converter in Double-Wall Drill Pipes","authors":"Mingming Geng,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Junpeng Li,&nbsp;Baokang Wu,&nbsp;Geng Zhang,&nbsp;Xinrui Wang,&nbsp;Jintao An,&nbsp;Long Chen,&nbsp;Yiming Ma","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reverse circulation drilling technology using double-wall drill pipes has been widely applied in deep and complex formations due to its advantages of efficient cuttings transport, elimination of annular pressure loss, reduction of bottom-hole pressure, and mitigation of lost circulation. As the core component linking the inner and outer annuli, the reverse circulation converter is crucial for ensuring smooth cuttings return. However, its structural design has largely depended on field experience, with limited systematic theoretical research on its flow characteristics. Based on the operating principle of the double-wall drill pipe reverse circulation converter, this study establishes finite element models of the inner and outer annular flow domains to investigate their velocity and pressure distributions and underlying mechanisms. The influences of drilling fluid flow rate, density, and rheological parameters on annular pressure drop are also examined. Results show that, under identical conditions, the inner annulus exhibits higher maximum flow velocity and pressure drop than the outer annulus, along with significantly stronger and more extensive turbulent dissipation. Moreover, pressure drops in both annuli increase with drilling fluid flow rate, density, plastic viscosity, and yield stress. The sensitivity ranking of the total pressure drop to drilling fluid parameters is: flow rate &gt; plastic viscosity &gt; density &gt; yield stress. Based on the numerical simulation results, second-order response surface methodology (RSM) models were developed for rapid and accurate prediction of pressure losses in the inner and outer annuli. The model shows good agreement with the CFD simulation results, indicating its capability to accurately reproduce the numerical trends. The findings indicate that drilling fluid flow rate and plastic viscosity should be prioritized for optimization to effectively control pressure drop while satisfying operational requirements. This work provides robust theoretical guidance and practical predictive tools for structural optimization and engineering application of reverse circulation converters in double-wall drill pipe systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4282-4299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Methane Transport Within and Around Evolving Cracks","authors":"Le Wang,&nbsp;Xinxiong Lv,&nbsp;Yu Ding,&nbsp;Qichang Ni","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban natural gas is transported through buried pipelines that are exposed to water, chemical and electrochemical corrosion, making the pipe walls vulnerable to perforation and subsequent gas leakage. The deformation behavior of soil during leakage limits the accurate prediction of methane diffusion by numerical simulation, and is influenced by diffusion coefficient, leakage velocity, and soil characteristics. Therefore, a Darcy–Brinkman–Stokes–Diffusion model was developed using OpenFOAM and validated to describe the evolution of soil fracture morphology and gas diffusion behavior during gas leakage. Simulation and experimental results show that three main cracks with small cavities inside were formed when the injection velocity exceeded approximately 0.2 m/s. Under low injection conditions, soil deformation was negligible, but the velocity exhibited a significant non-uniform distribution. As leakage velocity increases, soil fractures widen, although crack orientation remains largely unchanged. Meanwhile, methane transport shifts from uniform diffusion to crack-guided directional flow. When the diffusion coefficient exceeds approximately 2 × 10⁻⁴ m²/s, the gas transitions from diffusing primarily along the sides of the crack to diffusing uniformly throughout it. In soils containing natural cracks, gas leakage induces new fractures that intersect existing ones, reshaping the crack network and enhancing methane migration. These results provide a novel predictive numerical model and new insights into natural gas leakage in soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 9","pages":"4362-4379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De-Carbonizing the Transport Sector on the University Campus: A Techno-Economic-Environment Assessment and Optimization of PV Fed Electric Bicycles Amid Global Fuel Crisis","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah Khan,&nbsp;Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi,&nbsp;Qamar uddin,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Iftikhar,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Like many other countries, Pakistan struggles with its significant reliance on fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and economic growth. This dilemma has led to a growing need for affordable and environmentally sustainable transportation options. This research explores the novel concept of solar PV-powered electric bicycles, which can revolutionize Pakistan's transportation system. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic-environmental assessment of a solar-powered electric bicycle developed using locally available components, with a focus on university campus applications. Solar-powered electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly mode of transportation on university campuses, eliminating the need for fossil fuels. This research project investigates the construction, modification, and performance evaluation of geared DC motors and brushless DC motors used in solar-powered electric bicycles with a gearbox system. Three motor configurations were experimentally evaluated: a 12 V self-starter gear motor (500 W), a 24 V rewound gear motor (500 W), and a 36 V BLDC hub motor (350 W). Performance metrics, including speed, efficiency, torque, and battery consumption, were measured under controlled conditions with loads of 0, 50, and 80 kg. Each test case was repeated 10 times, and results were statistically validated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Based on research and experiments, this study explains which motor is more suitable based on performance evaluation and economic analysis for an electric bicycle. The 36 V BLDC motor demonstrated superior performance with 80% efficiency at rated load, 2000 rpm no-load speed, and maintained 1600 rpm under 80 kg load. The study demonstrates how a conventional cycle can be converted to a solar-powered electric bicycle and provide an economical and reliable convert-kit solution. The solar panels with an MPPT controller are used to charge the battery, hence relying on renewable energy. The PV system comprises four 90 W panels (total 360 W) with MPPT efficiency of 90%, charging a 36 V 40 Ah lithium-ion battery in 4.4 h under peak sun. The experiment shows that the e-bicycle can carry a maximum of 80 kg load without compromising average speed and overall efficiency. Moreover, consumer intent and the factors refraining to the adoption of electric bicycles are discussed. A survey of 200 potential users revealed 65% positive perception, with primary barriers being safety concerns (40%), cost (35%), and lack of awareness (25%). It can reduce air pollution, Pakistan's reliance on expensive fossil fuels, and encourage the development of more ecologically friendly and sustainable modes of transportation. National-scale adoption scenarios indicate potential fuel import savings of $0.95–3.07 billion annually and CO₂ reduction of 0.47–2.35 billion kg/year.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3788-3810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Evaluation of Wax Deposition Treatment Methods in Large Natural Gas Plants","authors":"Jiahao Wu,&nbsp;Xing Chen,&nbsp;Fanzeng Yang,&nbsp;Kejia Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihan Cao,&nbsp;Xuyang Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The KS processing facility at the TLM oilfield employs Joule–Thomson (J-T) throttling refrigeration in conjunction with low-temperature separation and ethylene glycol circulation injection for the treatment of natural gas. Within 4 days of commissioning, the J-T valve experienced a mechanical failure due to valve sticking. Subsequently, after 7 days of operation, an excessive pressure differential developed in the low-temperature separator, resulting in diminished throughput and operational malfunction. Following adjustments to process parameters, equipment inspection, and comprehensive sampling analyses, factors such as inadequate glycol injection and mineral scales were excluded. The primary cause was determined to be the low solvent capacity of the relatively lean KS feed gas, which led to the precipitation of aromatic-based wax (primarily biphenyl) under throttle-cooling conditions. This study investigates the mechanism and mitigation of this severe aromatic wax blockage. Chemical characterization and thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the depletion of <i>C</i>5–<i>C</i>8 light hydrocarbons in the feed gas significantly diminishes the solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consistent with the principle that a leaner gas phase exacerbates solute precipitation. Exploiting the capacity of light hydrocarbons to disrupt wax crystal lattices and increase the system's free volume, a circulating oil-injection wax-dissolution technology was developed. A predictive model was established using HYSYS software, complemented by field trials to optimize injection parameters. This novel technology effectively integrates light hydrocarbon circulation with wax mitigation, providing a high-efficiency and cost-effective solution for flow assurance in lean gas dehydration and hydrocarbon recovery units.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"14 8","pages":"3848-3861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}