Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Data-Driven Feature Decomposition Integrated Prediction Model for Dust Concentration in Open-Pit Mines","authors":"Shuangshuang Xiao,&nbsp;Jin Liu,&nbsp;Qing Yang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Chang,&nbsp;Yonggui Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate prediction of dust in open-pit mines can serve as a foundation for implementing dust prevention and control measures. Based on the collection and monitoring of dust concentration, meteorological, and production data from open-pit mines, the changing characteristics of dust concentration and its influencing factors were analyzed. The key influencing factors of dust concentration were identified through Pearson correlation analysis. The study also systematically identified the essential and pattern characteristics of the dust time series data and utilized the variational mode decomposition (VMD) with Golden Jackal Optimization (GJO) to decompose the original dust concentration data. Combining the characteristics of dust concentration data and the concept of multimodal information integration modeling, a support vector machine (SVM)-long short-term memory (LSTM) network was chosen to build a data feature-driven dust concentration combination prediction model. The findings indicate that humidity, wind speed, stripping amount, and temperature are the primary factors influencing dust concentration. The original data on dust concentration is not only nonstationary, nonlinear, and nonperiodic but also exhibits high complexity and variability. The decomposition ensemble prediction model can accurately forecast the dust concentration in open-pit mines. Compared to SVM, LSTM, GIO-VMD-SVM, and GJO-VMD-LSTM models, the decomposition ensemble prediction model can reduce the complexity of prediction data and has a better ability to capture information. The evaluation indexes <i>R</i>², RMSE, and MAE of the model are 0.92559, 6.3151, and 4.5820, respectively. The prediction performance is the best.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3218-3242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-To-End Deep Learning Temperature Prediction Algorithms of a Phase Change Materials From Experimental Photos","authors":"Mohammad Hassan Ranjbar,&nbsp;Kobra Gharali,&nbsp;Artie Ng","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Phase-change material (PCM) experiences irregular shape and nonlinear temperature changes at different locations during the melting process; these parameters provide valuable information on the characteristics of the PCM. Traditional explicit image processing, statistics, and mathematical techniques may be used to estimate the temperature of the PCM photos, but these methods have limitations such as high inaccuracy, no generalization, and complexity. Here, temperatures at different locations inside the PCM have been calculated by using the shape of melting PCM with the aid of deep learning. An experimental setup was built to melt the PCM under constant wall temperature and a conventional digital camera took temporal photos of the phase change. Four end-to-end networks have been developed to use the captured photos as input and report temperatures of the PCM as output. Initially, the networks were built using different convolutional layers and weights for feature extraction, and then the fully connected layers extracted the temperature profiles of the PCM. Comparison of the networks shows that MobileNets based Weights IV – Deep Neural Network (WIV- DNN) detects the temperature at different locations of the PCM successfully with an average error of less than 0.9% during the whole melting process in 0.03 s. This temperature measurement method is cost-effective, independent of thermographic cameras, accurate, fast response, and can be updated for other related applications in industries and scientific studies. All programs and datasets are available on GitHub.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3410-3421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static VAr Compensator Control Using Phasor Measurement Unit Feedback Signals for Voltage Stability Improvement in Power Systems","authors":"Faris Alsalem,&nbsp;Ayman Faza","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Demand for electric power is constantly increasing, resulting in enormous rapid growth and adding high stress to the grid. The transmission system is a vital part of power systems; however, it is not expanding at the same rate as the demand. Therefore, the grid requires a more capable transmission network to meet growing demand. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices play a crucial role in the efficient and reliable operation of the power systems. They provide reactive power compensation, improving voltage stability, and increasing the transmission capability of existing transmission lines. Static Var Compensators (SVCs), a type of FACTS device, can be effectively used to improve the voltage profile in the system. Furthermore, Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are essential for power system monitoring, control, and protection. Their high data rates make them ideal for accurately measuring electrical signals, including voltage or current, thus providing synchronized measurements throughout the grid. With the increasing complexity of power grids, maintaining voltage stability has emerged as a critical challenge in modern power systems. Traditional SVC control often depends on delayed or indirect measurements, restricting their response time and effectiveness. PMUs provide high-speed, synchronized data, and their direct integration with SVC controllers for voltage regulation remains underexplored. This study bridges this gap and presents a method for controlling the SVC using a combination of multiple control modes while obtaining real-time system measurements using PMUs. Results show that our method significantly improves voltage stability, as witnessed by an improved voltage profile and settling time under various disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 7","pages":"3569-3587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Prevention of Coal and Gas Outburst by Hydraulic Fracturing in High Gas Coal Mine in Yangquan Mining Area","authors":"Zhou Zhang,&nbsp;Pengxiang Wang,&nbsp;Wanying Yu,&nbsp;Lifang Zhao,&nbsp;Yunxing Cao,&nbsp;Baoan Xian,&nbsp;Yibing Wang,&nbsp;Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the hydraulic fracturing mechanism of high-fluid wells in the Yangquan mining area, coal seams from the Xinyuan and Xinjing mines were selected as research subjects. Experiments were conducted using the TCQT-III low-permeability coalbed gas-phase displacement and production enhancement apparatus, along with the FINESORB-3120 isothermal adsorption instrument. The study included hydraulic fracturing simulation tests, experiments on the effects of water content on the physical and mechanical properties of coal, and analyses of gas adsorption and desorption responses to external water. Experimental results indicate that after hydraulic fracturing simulation, the water content and permeability of coal samples increased by 3.97–6.79 times and 33.45–75.61 times, respectively, compared to their original state. The observed deformations during fracturing suggest the connectivity and expansion of microfractures within the coal. Under identical stress loading conditions, higher water content led to lower peak strength and greater deformation, with the maximum reduction in peak strength reaching 34.44%. During isothermal adsorption and desorption, the values of parameters <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, as well as the desorption volume, consistently decreased with increasing water content, with <i>b</i> showing a maximum reduction of over 50%. A systematic analysis of these experimental results was conducted to explore the comprehensive outburst mitigation mechanism of high-volume hydraulic fracturing. These findings provide valuable insights for applying hydraulic fracturing technology to mitigate outbursts in high-gas mining areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 7","pages":"3631-3643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Environmental-Economic Analysis of a Case Solar Power Plant for Power Decarbonization","authors":"Seyedeh Hosna Talebian,&nbsp;Hossein Balouchi,&nbsp;Danial Esazadeh,&nbsp;Mahsa Abbasi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Azizi","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the path to achieving net-zero emissions targets by 2050 and meeting the increasing electricity demand, investigations on the carbon intensity of electricity is of interest as an important decision-making parameter in decarbonizing the power sector and replacing nonrenewable power plants in regions of low rainfall and limited water resources to enhance the transparency of policies toward net-zero transition. In this context, the potential of solar photovoltaics (PV) has been highlighted in recent years due to their low-emission intensity compared to other renewable sources, highly regarded economic prospects, and unprecedented global growth of installations. Considering Iran's power crisis in terms of the mismatch between production and consumption and a worsening of the environment due to high-carbon power, this paper presents the assessment of the environmental and economic viability of a 10 MW on-grid solar PV plant to improve energy security and sustainability. First, the carbon intensity (CI) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of electricity generated in the power industry in Iran in comparison with the global status is discussed. Then, the environmental aspects of different types of PV inverter modulus and panels are assessed by utilizing the life cycle assessment approach, to select the optimum design in terms of CI. Finally, the economic scenarios are analyzed in terms of LCOE and the sensitivity analysis on the availability factor. The combined environmental-economic assessment results of the case solar power plant with CI of 63.9 tCO₂/GWh and LCOE of 11 $/MWh offers deep insights into the financial and environmental performance of solar PVs in the country's sustainable development roadmap and highlights the importance of regulatory policies, absorbing green climate funds, and investment in the expansion of solar systems to enable the decarbonization of electricity as an important measure for sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 7","pages":"3541-3550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae to Biofuel: Cutting-Edge Harvesting and Extraction Methods for Sustainable Energy Solution","authors":"Abu Saleh Ahmed,&nbsp;Alamry Ali,&nbsp;Emre Gorgun,&nbsp;M. Jameel,&nbsp;Tasmina Khandaker,&nbsp;Md. Shaharul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Masuk Abdullah","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing price and demand for fossil fuels are driven by their depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and industrial air pollution. As a result, the search for renewable alternatives has gained serious attention. Microalgae provide a sustainable alternative for biofuel production, offering high growth rates, significant oil yields and productivity, nontoxic nature, higher photosynthesis efficiencies, and the ability to thrive on nonarable land. <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Scenedesmus dimorphus</i> strains were chosen for this study to develop effective harvesting and oil extraction methods for sustainable energy. Three types of harvesting methods are used to optimize slurry yields, viz. flocculation, high-speed refrigerated centrifugation, and microfiltration. Moreover, two oil extraction methods were considered to enhance efficiency: Soxhlet extraction and the direct boiling method. The centrifugation method provides the fastest harvesting rate and highest slurry yields, followed by membrane separation, while flocculation, though slower, is more cost-effective and easier to perform. The direct boiling method optimizes the oil extraction process by effectively rupturing microalgae cell walls. <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> shows a slurry recovery efficiency of 0.76 g per liter of media by centrifuge, consisting of 12%–40% oil content in overall weight; 12.7% of the oil was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, and 18.7% was extracted using the direct boiling method. On the other hand, <i>Scenedesmus dimorphus</i> shows better slurry recovery efficiency of 0.81 g per liter media by centrifuge, consisting of 22%–51% oil content in overall weight, and there is 23.8% oil extracted by using soxhlet extraction and 26.4% for every 10 g of the sample by direct boiling method compared to <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>. Future research should focus on cost-effective harvesting and oil extraction methods for microalgae like <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Scenedesmus dimorphus</i> to reduce production costs, maximize biofuel yields, and tackle the global energy crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 7","pages":"3525-3540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment for Automatic Generation Control via Dynamic Models Identified From Extracted Data Segments","authors":"Zijiang Yang,&nbsp;Jiandong Wang,&nbsp;Song Gao,&nbsp;Xiangkun Pang","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automatic generation control (AGC) systems in thermal generation units keep the generated active power tracking the AGC commands dispatched from dispatching departments of power grids. The AGC performance of generation units is crucial for power grids to maintain their electrical energy balance and is of high concern to power plants and power grids. The problem is to estimate the ramp rate and static deviation as two AGC performance metrics from desired and generated active powers. This paper proposes an AGC performance assessment method to address two challenges in estimating the two performance metrics. One challenge is that not all data segments of the desired active power with amplitude variations are suitable for performance assessment. Another challenge is that severe noise induces uncertainties in the estimates of performance metrics. For the first challenge, the proposed method extracts step-pattern data segments, from which dynamic models are identified and performance metrics are estimated from model step responses. For the second challenge, uncertainties of the estimated performance metrics are quantified by confidence intervals obtained from the dynamic models with surrogate parameters. The benefits of the proposed method over the existing ones include: (1) invalid estimates are avoided by selecting step-pattern data segments for AGC performance assessment; (2) the root mean squared estimation errors are reduced by more than 60% in typical examples; (3) the uncertainties in the estimates are quantified by their confidence intervals. Numerical and industrial examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3342-3359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Optimization and Performance Investigation of a Micro Wind Turbine for Domestic Dwelling Used for Renewable Generation System","authors":"Wissam K. Abbas,&nbsp;Majid Abbasalizadeh,&nbsp;Shahram Khalilarya","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on wind turbine blade optimization using a MATLAB-based algorithm, QBlade, and CFD software to improve the performance of micro-horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) in low wind speed environments, particularly for residential use. The optimization targeted chord length distribution and twist angle to enhance turbine efficiency. The MATLAB algorithm, developed using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory, enabled precise aerodynamic performance calculations. Two airfoil profiles, mixed SG6040-SG6043 and SD7080, were selected based on their performance at low Reynolds numbers of 100,000 and 81,712, respectively, with blades divided into 18 and 19 sections for detailed optimization analysis. Validation was conducted by comparing key aerodynamic parameters, including power coefficients <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> and torque, from QBlade and CFD simulations. The results demonstrated excellent agreement, with a relative error of 2.4% for the mixed SG6040-SG6043 airfoil and less than 1% for SD7080, confirming the reliability and robustness of the methodology. The optimized designs achieved <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> values of 0.467 for the mixed SG6040-SG6043 and 0.45 for SD7080, reflecting substantial performance improvements. This study highlights the effectiveness of combining numerical optimization and high-fidelity simulations to enhance blade performance. The findings advance HAWT designs, making them efficient and viable for decentralized renewable energy systems in low-wind speed regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3386-3409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Porosity Simulation of Gravity Drainage Mechanism Induced by Geological Acid Gas Storage in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs","authors":"Goran Shirzad,&nbsp;Mehdi Assareh","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acid gases, containing CO₂ and H₂S, are by-products of gas sweetening. Geological sequestration of these gases in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) is a practical method to reduce greenhouse gas emission. An industrially accepted approach to simulate fluid flow in NFRs is the dual-porosity method; however, this method needs multiple parameters' specifications. The main goal of this study is to develop a dual-porosity model with improved parameters that can be used for simulation of both hydrocarbon gas gravity drainage and acid gas injection in the gas-invaded zone of NFRs. To do so, a single-porosity model, as the reference model, is constructed for a single matrix block (SMB) with which the equivalent dual-porosity model'<i>s</i> (DP) parameters are determined and matched. Then, DP is improved by a dual-porosity vertical discrete (VD) model to consider gravity drainage. This was later enhanced by non-neighborhood connections (NNCs) to account for re-infiltration in stacked matrices, yielding comparable results to the reference CPU-intensive single-porosity simulation. A thorough sensitivity analysis is performed on acid gas injection in VD model. The results show that the most effective parameter is porosity. The permeability and NNC transmissibility only change the rate of acid gas storage and more acid gas is trapped as H₂S content increases. Also, the heterogeneous distribution of porosity only influences the rate of storage when the mean porosity is constant, while permeability heterogeneity does not affect acid gas storage. The recovery factor is considerably increased to nearly 100% when the acid gas replaces hydrocarbon gas in fractured surrounding. About 7000 kmole of acid gas is stored in SMB over 4.5 years. Similar results are obtained for stacked matrices, and trapped gas is about 22,000 kmole, after 9 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3151-3170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Dynamic Behavior of Gabbro Specimens With Echelon Joints","authors":"Lei Xue,&nbsp;Shihao Yuan,&nbsp;Kangqi Liu,&nbsp;Longfei Li,&nbsp;Kun Huang,&nbsp;Zhuan Li","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To reveal the influence of dynamic load on the dynamic damage behavior of jointed rock masses, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system was employed to test platy gabbro samples with joint angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 65°, and 75° at an impact pressure of 0.1 MPa. It was found that the joint angle has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics and fracture behaviors of the echelon gabbro samples. Samples with a joint angle of 15° required the least amount of fracture energy and was most prone to failure, while samples with a joint angle of 30° required the most amount of fracture energy and was difficult to fracture. Moreover, the joint angle controlled the damage mode of the specimen. Specimens with 15° and 30° joint angles corresponded to crack coalescence type I, where the main crack was a shear crack and was nearly straight. Specimens with 45° and 60° joint angles corresponded to crack coalescence type II, where the main crack was a shear crack, and a small number of tensile secondary cracks developed. Specimens with a joint angle of 75° corresponded to crack coalescence type III, where the main crack was a shear crack and a large number of tensile cracks developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 7","pages":"3620-3630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}