Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Canada's Green Hydrogen Production Potential Using Biomass and Waste Resources","authors":"G. Kubilay Karayel,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study examines the potential of green hydrogen production in Canada using biomass and waste resources. Considered biomass sources include urban waste, animal byproducts, forestry products and residue, crop residue, and purpose-grown energy crops. The calculations and discussion of the potential of each province are conducted to assess the feasibility of a hydrogen economy. Further studies and projections of the annual biomass potential for various regions are also conducted using government data gathered from ministerial sources. The generation of electricity is achieved by employing gasification and incineration systems, which result in the production of hydrogen as the end product. This comprehensive work further provides the hydrogen maps for each province in Canada, focusing on the biomass energy potential by utilizing gasification and incineration methodologies. The results of this study indicate that Canada has the potential to produce around 2.66 Mt per year of green hydrogen by utilizing its existing biomass resources. According to the data, the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Québec exhibit the greatest potential for green hydrogen production with 518.46, 449.33, 447.57, and 428.11 kt, respectively. The expected outcomes of this study are poised to provide valuable insights for policymakers in their use of renewable energy for the purpose of formulating and implementing new policies and initiatives. Additionally, these results are expected to contribute to the resolution of challenges associated with fossil fuel dependency. This may be examined within the framework of the prevailing policies implemented by policymakers to meet the energy demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2284-2296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Salt Concentration on the Screening of Surfactant Packages for EOR Applications","authors":"Máté Hartyányi,&nbsp;Roland Nagy,&nbsp;Rebeka Bejczi,&nbsp;László Bartha,&nbsp;Sándor Puskás","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on improving surfactant solubility for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high-temperature, high-salinity reservoirs, addressing challenges in chemical flooding. Surfactant performance is influenced by wettability, contact angle, capillary forces, and interfacial tension (IFT). We systematically examined the effect of salt concentration on surfactant properties using solubility tests, emulsion stability analysis, and oil displacement experiments. Additionally, we explored surfactant formulations incorporating high-HLB components to enhance solubility. Our results showed that individual surfactants exhibited varying solubility in brines of different salinities. Some were insoluble even in low-salinity brine, while others remained soluble under high-salinity conditions. Surfactant formulations significantly improved solubility, with most combinations dissolving in high-salinity environments. Among them, one surfactant package (K-6) demonstrated the highest water solubility and salt tolerance, making it particularly suitable for EOR. Emulsion stability tests revealed that at 25°C, some individual surfactants formed stable emulsions in low-salinity brine, with up to 70 V/V% emulsion phase retention after 1 h. Their effectiveness decreased at higher temperatures, while other surfactants remained stable. In medium-salinity brine, some retained 90 V/V% of the emulsion phase at 80°C, while in high-salinity brine, the most stable emulsions retained 55–60 V/V%. Surfactant packages outperformed individual surfactants, achieving nearly 100 V/V% emulsion retention across salinity levels. Oil displacement tests indicated that surfactant packages were more effective, with the best formulation achieving &gt; 20 mm displacement. Our findings confirm that tailored surfactant packages are essential for EOR in extreme reservoir conditions. By addressing solubility challenges and providing a structured selection approach, this study contributes valuable insights for optimizing surfactant formulations in EOR applications. Overall, our findings confirm that reservoir oriented surfactant packages are necessary for EOR in high-salinity and high-temperature reservoirs. By addressing a widely recognized solubility challenge and providing a structured approach for surfactant selection, this study contributes valuable insights into optimizing surfactant formulations for improved oil recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3296-3306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Double-Diffusive Transport and Entropy Generation in a Wavy Cylindrical Enclosure With Inner Heated Core: Effects of MHD and Radiation on Casson Cu─H2O Nanofluid","authors":"Mohammed Azeez Alomari,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Hassan,&nbsp;Abdalrahman Alajmi,&nbsp;Ameer K. Salho,&nbsp;Abdellatif M. Sadeq,&nbsp;Faris Alqurashi,&nbsp;Mujtaba A. Flayyih","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates double-diffusive transport and entropy generation in a wavy cylindrical enclosure containing Cu─H₂O Casson nanofluid under magnetic field and thermal radiation effects. The governing equations were solved numerically using the finite element method with Galerkin formulation. The investigation covered parametric ranges including Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ <i>Ra</i> ≤ 10⁶), Hartmann number (0 ≤ <i>Ha</i> ≤ 40), magnetic field inclination (0° ≤ <i>γ</i> ≤ 90°), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ <i>φ</i> ≤ 0.15), Casson parameter (0.1 ≤ <i>η</i> ≤ 1), radiation parameter (0 ≤ <i>Rd</i> ≤ 4), thermal conductivity parameter (0 ≤ <i>λ</i> ≤ 4), Lewis number (0.5 ≤ <i>Le</i> ≤ 5), and buoyancy ratio (0.25 ≤ <i>Nz</i> ≤ 1.5). Results demonstrated that increasing <i>Ra</i> from 10³ to 10⁶ enhanced heat transfer by 60%, while increasing <i>Ha</i> to 40 reduced fluid circulation by 75%. The Casson parameter significantly influenced flow characteristics, with stream function values increasing by 75% as <i>η</i> approached Newtonian behavior. Thermal radiation parameters jointly moderated temperature gradients, with <i>Rd</i> causing a 15%–20% reduction in thermal stratification. The Lewis number and buoyancy ratio showed strong coupled effects, with the Sherwood number increasing by 150% as <i>Le</i> increased from 0.5 to 5. These findings have practical applications in advanced heat exchanger design, thermal energy storage systems, electronic cooling technologies, and biomedical devices, where controlled heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian fluids is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"2810-2841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Objectivity of AHP for More Reliable Solar Farm Site Selection","authors":"A. E. Dinçer,&nbsp;A. Demir,&nbsp;K. Yılmaz","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a popular decision-making method for reliable decisions in different areas of study. Although the conventional AHP method mathematically ensures the consistency of results, the reliability of these results depends on the expert manifests. While AHP was originally proposed for subjectively relatable criteria, there may also be additional objectively relatable criteria or a consensus about the final relation of some couple of criteria. To address these objective relations and/or consensuses, this study proposes the analytic hierarchy process with optimized hierarchy (AHP-OH). This method enhances the reliability of results by satisfying objective relations and/or consensuses about relations between criteria. The AHP-OH methodology was applied to select optimal photovoltaic (PV) farm locations in Konya Province, Turkey, a region characterized by diverse terrain and solar radiation levels. The study incorporated geographic information systems to analyze criteria, such as solar radiation rate, land use, slope, proximity to roads and transmission lines, and restricted areas. Results demonstrated that 2.56% of Konya's terrain is highly (80%–100%) suitable and 19.34% of it has moderately high (60%–80%) suitability for PV farm development, with five highly suitable regions identified. Notably, the locations of existing PV farms aligned closely with the identified suitable zones, validating the efficacy of the AHP-OH approach. This research underscores the importance of objectivity of decision-making methods and proposes AHP-OH to enhance the objectivity of the conventional AHP method. By providing a systematic and objective framework for spatial decision support systems, AHP-OH offers significant advancements for policymakers and developers in the renewable energy sector. Future applications of this methodology can extend to other regions and renewable energy sources, contributing to global efforts in sustainable energy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2315-2329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Spirogyra Biodiesel With Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide as a Cetane Booster","authors":"Aravind Samraj,&nbsp;Debabrata Barik,&nbsp;Kapura Tudu,&nbsp;Prabhu Paramasivam,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kanti,&nbsp;Abinet G. Ayanie","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impact of incorporating 30% spirogyra algae biodiesel (SBD30) with di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) as a cetane booster on combustion, performance, and emissions in a diesel engine. The investigators tested diesel blends which included SBD30 + 1%DTBP, SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP, and SBD30 + 2%DTBP. Analysis revealed that DTBP addition shortens the ignition delay period thus improving combustion efficiency. The ignition delay reached 9.43°CA aTDC with the SBD30 + 2%DTBP blend at full load although SBD30 stood at 10.26°CA aTDC and diesel delivered 11.5°CA aTDC. The combustion duration (CD) increased while SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP achieved a maximum combustion pressure (MCP) level that matched almost perfectly with SBD30 + 2%DTBP. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of DTBP blends was rated at 6.06% lower than diesel fuel and reached 10.41% lower at its utmost level. The emissions analysis displayed significant CO reduction by 53.8%, as well as decreased HC levels but NO levels grew by 9.1% to reach 24.9%. The smoke emission levels decreased significantly as SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP produced 28.8% less smoke emissions compared to diesel port fuel. Research indicates that additions of DTBP to SBD30 produce more favorable combustion and emission performance thus establishing potential as an attractive diesel fuel choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3328-3341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling of MHD Double-Diffusive Convection and Entropy Generation in an Inclined Curvilinear Lid-Driven Cavity","authors":"Mohammed A. Alomari,&nbsp;Khaled Al-Farhany,&nbsp;Abdalrahman Alajmi,&nbsp;Abdellatif M. Sadeq,&nbsp;Nirmalendu Biswas,&nbsp;Faris Alqurashi,&nbsp;Mujtaba A. Flayyih","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates numerically the effect of MHD and entropy generation on double-diffusive combined convection in an inclined enclosure filled with Si₂O/H₂O and heated fins. The geometry's base is connected to double fins with three locations in three cases. A range of variables has been considered, such as Reynolds, Richardson, Lewis, bouancy ratio, the volume fraction, Hartmann numbers, and the orientation of the enclosure, to investigate how these variables can affect the fluid flow and the mass and thermal transfer. The finite element method has been applied to solve these variables, and the main findings indicated that the value of average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers increases with the increase of volume fraction, Richardson, and Lewis numbers while decreasing with the increase of magnetic strength, Hartmann number. Where Nu_avg and Sh_avg increase to 65% and 19% when increasing Re from 40 to 180 while both values decrease to around 35% when increasing Haatmann number from 0 to 62. Moreover, increasing the volume concentration from 0 to 0.08 increases Nu_avg and Sh_avg to around 3% and 12% respectively. Furthermore, the average Sherwood number increases with the increase in inclination angle. In contrast, the average Nusselt decreases with the increase in the inclination angle, except for the right angle, which gives a higher value. Moreover, the total average entropy generation is reduced with the increase of the magnetohydrodynamic and buoyancy ratio while increasing with the rise of Reynolds, Richardson, Lewis, and the concentration of the nanoparticles. Also, the lowest values of entropy generation are generated in Case 3, while CaseI generates the highest values of entropy generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2297-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting Green Energy Production in Latin American Countries and Canada via Temporal Fusion Transformer","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Saleem,&nbsp;Javed Rashid,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahmad,&nbsp;Ali M. Al-Shaery,&nbsp;Saad Althobaiti,&nbsp;Muhammad Faheem","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forecasting green energy is crucial in diminishing dependence on fossil fuels and fostering sustainable development. However, it encounters notable challenges, such as variable demand, restricted data availability, the integration of various datasets, and the necessity for precise long-term projections. This study thoughtfully examines these issues using the temporal fusion transformer (TFT) model to project green energy production across five Latin American nations (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico) and Canada, drawing on data from 1965 to 2023. The performance of the proposed TFT is more authentic as compared with the gated recurrent unit (GRU), the long short-term memory (LSTM), deep autoregression (DeepAR), and the meta graph-based convolutional recurrent network (MegaCRN). The TFT has a mean square error (MSE) of 0.0003, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0173, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0112 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.76%. From the preceding results, it is clear that the proposed TFT model can identify dynamic energy patterns that will contribute towards achieving sustainable development goals by the end of 2040.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2262-2283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism and Control of Deformation and Failure of Mining Roadway in Thick Coal Seams Under Close Range Goaf","authors":"Yupeng Shen,&nbsp;Biao Hou,&nbsp;Yinwei Wang,&nbsp;Kun Pan","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to the problems of asymmetric deformation and failure caused by the close range and thick coal seam fully mechanized caving roadway, as well as the difficulty in ensuring the control effect of the roadway surrounding rock. Through numerical simulation and on-site industrial experiments, combined with the geological conditions of a certain mine site, the stress environment and plastic zone evolution law of the 13401 return airway in the entire cycle of excavation and mining are explored, and asymmetric support parameters are proposed to maintain the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. The results show that: (1) the presence of residual coal pillars and goaf in the upper coal seam leads to changes in the direction and magnitude of the principal/deviatoric stress in the surrounding rock of the roadway, while the nonuniform stress distribution causes butterfly shaped failure in the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock during excavation and recovery stages; (2) the theoretical calculations show that the plastic zone is not sensitive to the increase of support resistance, and the effect of increasing the support resistance within a certain range on reducing the failure range of the roadway surrounding rock is limited, and the roadway surrounding rock support should be changed from deformation control to stability control. (3) Based on geological conditions, stress field distribution, and the failure mode and range of tunnel surrounding rock, an asymmetric support optimization scheme is proposed using anchor cables for combined support. On-site mine pressure observation data shows that the application effect of the support optimization scheme is good.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 5","pages":"2585-2601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Calculation of the Influence of Reflux Hole Area on the Self-Priming Performance of a Prototype Self-Priming Pump","authors":"Ying-Yu Ji,&nbsp;Hui-Fan Huang,&nbsp;Yu-Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Fu Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Guo","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the impact of the reflux hole area on the self-priming performance of a self-priming pump, this study innovatively established a circulating pipeline system that includes the self-priming pump, water tank, and other components. Additionally, the influence of increasing rotational speed was taken into account to ultimately simulate accurate self-priming performance. The upper parts of the water tank, the self-priming pump, and the initial part of the pipeline were set to contain air, while the rest was filled with clear water. Additionally, the acceleration phase of the rotational speed was also included in the calculation through user-defined functions. Therefore, the computational physical model established closely matches the actual situation, effectively reflecting the real and complete self-priming process. Based on the VOF (volume of fluid) multiphase flow model, the numerical study analyzed the effects of three different initial water storage volumes on the self-priming performance of the pump. The study found that the largest reflux hole area does not result in the shortest time for a complete self-priming process; instead, there exists an optimal value. When the reflux hole area is small, it takes longer during the oscillatory gas discharge stage, with an extended time of up to 4 s, indicating that the size of the reflux hole mainly affects this stage of the self-priming process. The influence of the reflux hole area on the head and the time required to reach a stable value is relatively minor, with differences within approximately 1 s and a head difference of around 0.1 m. The “internal leakage” phenomenon during the early stages of the self-priming process results in a slightly lower stable flow rate at the pump outlet compared to the stable flow rate at the pump inlet. The article reveals the impact of the size of the reflux hole area on the efficiency and stability of the self-priming process in a self-priming pump, which provides crucial guidance for optimizing the design and operating conditions of the pump.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3185-3203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocarbon Potential of the Pabdeh Formation: Geochemical Insights Into Immature Source Rock Capabilities","authors":"Yingchun Liu,&nbsp;Yunliang Yu,&nbsp;Hongchen Cai,&nbsp;Xiangwei Gao","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Pabdeh Formation (Paleocene-Oligocene) is one of the hydrocarbon-generating formations in the Zagros sedimentary basin. In this study, to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential and the distribution of organic matter maturity, samples were collected from oil fields in southwestern Iran and the Dezful embayment and analyzed geochemically. For a more detailed assessment, the study area was divided into northern and southern sections. The results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis, based on variations in PI, HI, and <i>T</i>_max indices, indicate that the Pabdeh Formation is predominantly immature, with only about 15% of the analyzed samples falling within the early oil window. The formation contains Type II and Type III kerogen, as well as a mixture of both. In terms of hydrocarbon potential, the results reveal a range from poor to very good oil-generating capacity. However, the organic matter maturity remains within the immature to early oil window stage. From a depositional environment perspective, the Pabdeh Formation was mainly deposited in relatively anoxic conditions, with some samples found in the continental slope setting. If these samples reach sufficient thermal maturity, they could exhibit favorable hydrocarbon generation potential. These findings provide valuable insights into the thermal maturity distribution and hydrocarbon potential of the Pabdeh Formation within the Dezful embayment, which could be beneficial for hydrocarbon reservoir assessments in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 6","pages":"3371-3385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}