ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Capillary Electrophoresis With Amperometric Detection for Neurotransmitter Analysis: Principles, Electrode Materials, Methodologies, and Applications","authors":"Petr Kubáň,&nbsp;Jiří Volánek,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Thu Trang,&nbsp;Tran Dai Lam","doi":"10.1002/elps.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection has become a powerful tool for the determination of electroactive neurotransmitters due to its high separation efficiency, minimal sample consumption, and excellent detection sensitivity. This review provides the first comprehensive summary specifically on monoamine neurotransmitters and related compounds in biological systems. Fundamental principles of amperometric detection, electrode positioning strategies, and approaches to high-voltage decoupling are described, followed by a critical comparison of electrode materials including carbon fiber, glassy carbon, graphite, noble metals, boron-doped diamond, and chemically modified or multielectrode designs. Their impact on noise, sensitivity, fouling resistance, and ease of integration is highlighted. Particular attention is given to background electrolyte composition, where phosphate buffers are most widely used, while 2-(<i>N</i>-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid systems have enabled the lowest limits of detection, often reaching the attomole range. Applications span human urine, blood, lymphocytes, brain tissue, microdialysates, invertebrate tissues, and single cells, demonstrating capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection as a versatile platform for neurochemical analysis. Advances in online preconcentration, dynamic pH junctions, and redox-cycling electrodes have further improved selectivity and sensitivity. Finally, current limitations, such as electrode fouling and interface robustness, are discussed together with emerging trends, including clinical translation and in vivo neuroanalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"450-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board: Electrophoresis 6'26","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elps.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"437-440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Resistance Coupled Electromechanical Model for Enhanced Droplet Transport Dynamics Precision in Optoelectrowetting Chip","authors":"Tianyi Wang,&nbsp;Xuekai Liu,&nbsp;Jianghao Zeng,&nbsp;Hong Yan,&nbsp;Yongbo Deng,&nbsp;Teng Zhou,&nbsp;Liuyong Shi","doi":"10.1002/elps.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To overcome the poor accuracy of classical electrowetting theory in predicting contact-angle saturation and droplet dynamics at high driving voltages in optoelectrowetting (OEW) digital microfluidics, we propose a novel electromechanical model that couples multiple resistance mechanisms. Within a conventional electrodynamic framework, the model embeds electric force, wall-shear resistance, viscous drag from the surrounding medium, and dynamic contact-line friction simultaneously into the source terms of the Navier–Stokes equations, and solves them in concert with an electric-current, phase-field, and laminar-flow multiphysics scheme. Experiments on a self-fabricated OEW chip, carried out over 160–600 V, validate the model against measured contact angles and droplet trajectories. In the high-voltage regime, the improved model limits the contact-angle deviation to ≤2° and the velocity deviation to only 0.05 mm/s—far outperforming both the Lippmann–Young equation and conventional electromechanical formulations. Parametric analyses further show that raising the dielectric constant or reducing the thickness of the dielectric layer markedly enhances the local electric field, thereby increasing droplet speed and displacement, while employing a highly photoconductive a-Si:H layer minimizes voltage drop and optimizes actuation performance. The work provides a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for OEW chip design and material selection, offering a pathway toward high-precision parallel droplet manipulation and fully integrated microfluidic systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"519-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Application of an HPLC–UV Method for the Quantification of 3-O-Methylquercetin in Nasal Mucosa","authors":"Jeniffer Viviana Ramirez Hernández,&nbsp;Laura da Silva Machado,&nbsp;Flávia Nathiely Silveira Fachel,&nbsp;Sara Elis Bianchi,&nbsp;Elizandra Braganhol,&nbsp;Sheila Porto de Matos,&nbsp;Valquíria Linck Bassani","doi":"10.1002/elps.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>3<i>-O-</i>methylquercetin (3<i>O</i>MQ) is a methylated flavonoid with relevant biological activity whose reliable quantification in complex biological matrices remains analytically challenging due to its low aqueous solubility and matrix-related interferences. In the present study, a previously reported HPLC-UV method was adapted and revalidated for quantifying 3<i>O</i>MQ in porcine nasal mucosa for use in in vitro permeation and retention studies. Chromatographic separation was achieved under isocratic conditions using a phenyl stationary phase, providing adequate selectivity and reproducibility in the new biological matrix. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration range of 1–25 µg/mL (<i>r</i>² &gt; 0.99). Accuracy and precision met international regulatory acceptance criteria, with relative standard deviations below 5% for both intra-day and inter-day evaluations. It also demonstrated excellent robustness under deliberate variations in flow rate, temperature, and detection wavelength (RSD &lt; 2.00%). Matrix effect (86.94%–110.28%) and recovery (85.21%–106.47%) results confirmed the reproducibility and the efficiency of the method. The applicability of the revalidated method was demonstrated through in vitro release, permeation, and retention experiments using Franz diffusion cells and porcine nasal mucosa. These findings demonstrate that the method is precise, sensitive, and robust, making it suitable for nasal permeation and retention studies of 3<i>O</i>MQ. Moreover, this analytical approach represents a reliable tool for in vitro and <i>ex vivo</i> pharmaceutical research, supporting the development and evaluation of nasal drug delivery systems for poorly soluble bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoid aglycones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Purification of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Preferential Exclusion Chromatography","authors":"Katja Vrabec,&nbsp;Andrej Raspor,&nbsp;Darja Božič,&nbsp;Nastja Bizjak Ternik,&nbsp;Ana Železnik,&nbsp;Valentina Novak,&nbsp;Ivana Petrović Koshmak,&nbsp;Maja Leskovec,&nbsp;Aleš Štrancar","doi":"10.1002/elps.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) therapeutics hold the potential to harness the regenerative power of their parental cells, promoting proliferation and reducing inflammation. There is a need for the production and isolation process that can be easily scaled and deliver the desired quality and quantity of EVs. We present a chromatographic method development based on preferential exclusion principle that can be used for EV isolation from adherent and microcarrier-based upstream. The method employs monolithic hydroxyl columns to purify and concentrate MSC-EVs. The heterogeneity in EV size and composition poses challenges in upstream and downstream processes; therefore, process development was guided by PATfix biochromatography analytics, tracking EV-specific surface antigens. The developed purification method enables direct concentration of MSC-EVs from conditioned media while removing 97% of protein impurities and 95% of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA)-related impurities in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"533-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Highly Accurate and Sensitive Age Prediction Model for Multiple Body Fluids: Blood, Saliva, and Semen Using Pyrosequencing","authors":"Xudong Zhao,&nbsp;Daijing Yu,&nbsp;Jingjing Xu,&nbsp;Yaru Mai,&nbsp;Kewen Zhang,&nbsp;Lijuan Su,&nbsp;Fenglong Yang,&nbsp;Jiangwei Yan","doi":"10.1002/elps.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA methylation-based age prediction has become a reliable method for individual identification. While current models have achieved high accuracy when targeting a single type of biological fluid, crime scenes often contain multiple body fluids. Applying single fluid models to other fluid types may result in significant prediction errors, potentially misleading investigations. Therefore, age prediction models applicable to multiple biological fluids are of critical importance. In this study, we screened three age-related methylation sites (cg05940966, cg10501210, and cg10528482) from blood, saliva, and semen samples by analysis of public databases. These sites are associated with age. We then quantified methylation levels in peripheral blood samples from 101 healthy individuals via pyrosequencing. Based on these data, machine learning algorithms were applied to construct multiple age prediction models. These models were evaluated for their prediction accuracy, applicability to other body fluids, sensitivity, inhibitor tolerance, and utility with aged forensic samples. A multiple linear regression model constructed using the pyrosequencing results displayed the highest prediction accuracy, with mean absolute deviation (MAD) values of 2.717, 3.506, and 4.154 years in blood, saliva, and semen, respectively. Pyrosequencing also demonstrated high sensitivity, with MAD remaining within 4 years, even in trace samples (0.5 ng of unconverted genomic DNA). However, when the concentration of oxidized heme exceeds 1 ng/µL and the concentration of humic acid exceeds 2 ng/µL, pyrosequencing cannot accurately measure the methylation values at the CpG sites. In summary, this study provides an accurate and reliable tool for age prediction based on multiple bodily fluids. From a practical standpoint, this technology enables rapid age estimation without requiring prior identification of fluid type, thereby conserving valuable biological samples at crime scenes. This breakthrough will significantly enhance the efficiency of criminal investigations, strengthen the reliability of biological evidence interpretation in complex scenarios, and provide scientific support for judicial processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 6","pages":"543-555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 5","pages":"369-371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148081204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrokinetic Nucleic Acid Amplification (E-NAAMP) Using Paper-PDMS Microfluidics and High-Frequency Joule Heating.","authors":"Jarad Yost, Md Nazibul Islam, Zachary Gagnon","doi":"10.1002/elps.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a novel paper-based nucleic acid amplification (NAA) technique using electrokinetic nucleic acid amplification (E-NAAMP). In E-NAAMP, a high radio frequency (RF) potential is applied across a conductive aqueous sample to induce an Ohmic current and drive the sample temperature to increase by Joule heating. Using this RF approach, we investigate the ability to induce E-NAAMP in pressurized paper-based microfluidic channels. We use the microfluidic pressure-in-paper (µPiP) method to encapsulate synthetic and natural fiber-based paper channels between thin sheets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with two strips of conductive PDMS that have been infused with carbon black (PDMS-CB) to act as electrodes in contact with the paper channels. A high-frequency (38 MHz) voltage is applied across a conductive NAA sample via the PDMS-CB electrodes to generate Joule heating within the paper structure. Here, we show that µPiP-based E-NAAMP can amplify NAs using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction. We first investigate the pore-scale temperature profile numerically by solving the relevant energy transport equations within digitized paper fiber domains obtained using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. We compare these temperature-voltage predictions to those measured experimentally and demonstrate good agreement, suggesting that RF Joule heating is a viable method for electrokinetically heating paper-based microfluidic platforms. We next examine the effect of a porous substrate on NAA and demonstrate that the carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is required for paper-based NAA reactions by preventing polymerase adsorption within the paper structure. Finally, we show successful NAA in paper using E-NAAMP with multiple paper fiber types while also further demonstrating BSA's necessity for paper E-NAAMP success. Our results demonstrate that paper-based microfluidic NAA using Joule heating is a viable alternative to traditional microfluidic NAA devices by offering substantial heating element miniaturization and decreased fabrication complexity when compared to both traditional and Joule-heated microfluidic NAA devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":"387-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Microtubule-Solid-State Nanopores for Single-Molecule Analysis.","authors":"Matthew O'Donohue, Chaoming Gu, Byungsoo Kim, KeunMin Ken Lee, Sangyoup Lee, Chi Won Ahn, Myung Chul Choi, Min Jun Kim","doi":"10.1002/elps.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a hybrid microtubule-solid-state nanopore (MT-SSN) platform that enables label-free single-molecule analysis. Under continuous voltage bias, individual taxol-stabilized MTs are electrostatically anchored into an SSN to form a stable conduit for ionic current. We measured ionic current through MT-SSNs under two distinct configurations, one in which the SSN constricts ionic flow, and the other where the MT itself serves as the primary conduction channel. The geometrical asymmetry of the hybrid MT-SSN leads to a pronounced current-voltage asymmetry, that is, current rectification. Compared to bare SSNs, the hybrid MT-SSN slows double-stranded DNA translocation by up to ∼3.5× and enhances event-level signal contrast by increasing the relative current blockade, despite an increase in baseline low-frequency noise. By repurposing the hollow, charged nanotubule of MTs to establish a novel framework for probing nanoscale ionic transport at the single-molecule level, this study provides insight into the broader use of cytoskeletal proteins for bioelectronics sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Separation Buffers Platform Set to Facilitate CZE Charge Heterogeneity Method Development for Monoclonal Antibodies.","authors":"Joanne Baxter, Kevin Waltham, Lori Fitton, Cari E Sänger-van de Griend","doi":"10.1002/elps.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are complex therapeutic proteins exhibiting heterogeneity due to post-translational modifications, making charge variant analysis essential for defining critical quality attributes. Although ion-exchange chromatography and capillary isoelectric focusing are established techniques, they require extensive optimisation, whereas the widely adopted ε-aminocaproic acid-based capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) (eACA-CZE) method provides a simpler, robust platform. However, its performance can be limited for mAbs whose charge profiles or isoelectric point (pI) values fall outside the method's optimal range. To expand CZE capabilities while maintaining a platform approach, we developed a series of background electrolytes (BGEs) spanning a range of pH values, polyamine concentrations and buffering capacities. These BGEs were formulated for chemical compatibility, long-term stability and fixed-component composition to ensure consistent pH and reproducible currents. Using a pH 5.7 BGE as the starting point, key components were optimised across the full buffer set. A multivariate approach showed that combining these buffers enhanced resolution, resolving additional impurity peaks in 9 of 10 mAbs. This work establishes a flexible toolkit for screening and optimising charge-variant resolution across diverse mAbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":"420-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}