ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Capillary Electrophoresis With Contactless Conductivity Detection for Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Abdalla A. Elbashir,&nbsp;Mei Musa Ali Omar","doi":"10.1002/elps.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE–C⁴D) has emerged as a sensitive, versatile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for pharmaceutical analysis. The primary objective of this review is to critically evaluate pharmaceutical applications of CE–C⁴D, including active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) quantification, chiral separations, counter-ion analysis, and impurity and degradation product profiling. A concise and selective overview of CE–C⁴D fundamentals and key stages of its development—from early oscillometric detectors to advanced dual-axial designs—is provided solely to establish essential detection principles and to support discussion of method optimization, particularly the critical role of background electrolyte (BGE) selection. Summary tables compile BGE compositions and limits of detection (LODs), offering a comparative resource for researchers. Compared with conventional detectors such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, and mass spectrometry (MS), CE–C⁴D enables universal and direct analysis of both UV-active and non-UV-active compounds, with additional advantages in portability and miniaturization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"295-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive Analysis of Topoisomers of Large Plasmid DNA by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis With Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Uncoated Capillary","authors":"Yan He,&nbsp;John Orlet,&nbsp;Olivia Cunio,&nbsp;Thomas F Lerch,&nbsp;Nathan A. Lacher","doi":"10.1002/elps.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a capillary gel electrophoresis–laser-induced fluorescence (CGE–LIF) method for analyzing topoisomers of large plasmid DNA (up to 19 kbp) using an uncoated capillary. Separation of large plasmid isoforms, particularly the open circular (OC) form, poses significant challenges in gel buffer formulation. To address this, we systematically investigated the effects of multiple parameters—including polymer type, fluorescent dye selection, stir bar geometry, stirring speed and duration, gel volume, container dimensions, and technique for polymer addition—on separation performance. The optimized gel buffer composition was 0.9% polyethylene oxide (PEO), 0.02% SYBR Green, 50 mM <i>N</i>-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES), 1 mM EDTA, and 20 mM NaCl at pH 6.25. Replacing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel with PEO gel significantly improved OC isoform separation. Furthermore, substituting SYBR Gold with SYBR Green enhanced the robustness of OC separation and yielded a 4- to 8-fold increase in sensitivity. The PEO gel preparation process was successfully scaled and optimized at the 100 mL level. With consistent capillary cleaning and storage protocols, the method demonstrated excellent reproducibility over 150 consecutive runs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 5","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 5","pages":"420-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148089983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board: Electrophoresis 3'26","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elps.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"229-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration Approaches for mRNA and mRNA–LNP Formulations: Enabling mRNA Integrity Quantification in Low-Concentration Formulations","authors":"Shang-Yin Wu,&nbsp;Yun-Jie He,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun Guo,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Chang-Yun Xiong,&nbsp;Tingjun Hou,&nbsp;Bin Di,&nbsp;Wei-Jie Fang","doi":"10.1002/elps.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>mRNA-based vaccines and self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) have gained growing attention for disease prevention and treatment, but precise detection of low-concentration RNA (including mRNA–lipid nanoparticles, mRNA–LNPs) stability and integrity remains challenging—limiting quality control of RNA-based therapeutics. Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based instruments show potential, yet suitable concentration strategies for low-abundance, labile RNAs are lacking. This study established two distinct concentration methods (freeze-drying and ultrafiltration) applicable to mRNA, mRNA–LNPs, and saRNA formulations, enabling the conversion of dilute solutions to high-concentration preparations while preserving the structural and molecular integrity of the target nucleic acids. Subsequent stability evaluations and conventional high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the concentrated products verified their superior storage stability and strong practical applicability. This article aims to reduce the difficulty of RNA integrity assessment and improve the accuracy of detecting various low-concentration RNA samples that may arise in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Monoethylene Glycol in Gas Condensate Samples by Microchip Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Integrated With Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection","authors":"Maurício M. L. Pereira,&nbsp;Kariolanda C. A. Rezende,&nbsp;Iris Medeiros Junior,&nbsp;Bruno Charles do Couto,&nbsp;Rogerio M. Carvalho,&nbsp;Claudimir L. do Lago,&nbsp;Wendell K. T. Coltro","doi":"10.1002/elps.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study describes the use of microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) integrated with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) for the determination of monoethylene glycol (MEG) in gas condensate samples. The samples were subjected to a liquid–liquid extraction step and then analyzed by chip-based MEKC-C⁴D. For this purpose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a surfactant at a concentration of 30 mmol L⁻¹ added in 50 mmol L⁻¹ phosphate (pH = 9.0). Samples were introduced into microchannels through floating injection mode by applying a voltage of 600 V during 10 s. Separations were performed under an electric field of 82 V cm⁻¹ and monitored by C⁴D measurements recorded applying a 1200-kHz frequency sinusoidal wave with 20-V_pp excitation voltage. The proposed methodology employing MEKC-C⁴D revealed a linear behavior (r² ≥ 0.99) in the MEG concentration range between 150–450 µmol L⁻¹ and LOD equal to 33 µmol L⁻¹. Three gas condensate samples were then analyzed, and the achieved MEG concentration values ranged from 173 to 213 µmol L⁻¹. Recovery experiments provided values between 89 and 102%. Based on the results reported in this study, MEKC-C⁴D devices have demonstrated to be a promising and ecological analytical tool for MEG analysis with huge potential for in-field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial–Dielectrophoresis 2025","authors":"Federica Caselli,&nbsp;Georg R. Pesch","doi":"10.1002/elps.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"232-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"229-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148087765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enantioselective Determination of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Environmental Waters Using SPE and CE–MS/MS","authors":"Pol Clivillé-Cabré,&nbsp;Francesc Borrull,&nbsp;Carme Aguilar,&nbsp;Marta Calull","doi":"10.1002/elps.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing concern over drug abuse, particularly involving amphetamine-type substances (ATS), has led to their monitoring in environmental waters. These chiral compounds, commonly found in river water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, require analytical methods capable of enantiomeric discrimination, as their enantiomers can exhibit different pharmacological and environmental behaviours. A method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed using a dual cyclodextrin (CD) system consisting of 0.1% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD and 0.1% γ-CD in the background electrolyte (BGE), which enabled baseline resolution of the target enantiomers of the ATS under study. Samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction using a mixed-mode cation exchange sorbent, ExtraBond SCX. Samples of 100 mL for WWTP influent and 250 mL for river water and WWTP effluent were extracted and then eluted with 5 mL of 5% NH₄OH in methanol. Recoveries ranged between 40% and 67% for all amphetamines studied, with detection limits between 0.1 and 0.8 µg/L. Analysis of environmental samples from the Ebre River and WWTPs in Reus and Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) confirmed the presence of some of the target compounds. Both enantiomers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were determined in WWTP influents and effluents, whereas <i>R</i>-amphetamine was quantified in an influent sample. No target compounds were detected in the analysed river water samples. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed chiral CE–MS/MS method for robust enantiomeric profiling in environmental waters, attributed to efficient separation based on differences in effective mobility (<i>µ</i>_eff), electroosmotic flow (<i>µ</i>_eo) and selective interactions with CD chiral selectors. The method showed moderate adherence to green analytical principles, achieving an AGREE score of 0.47. Its environmental advantages include the use of CE, minimal solvent consumption and non-toxic chiral selectors, offering a more suitable alternative to more traditional LC-based methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 3","pages":"250-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}