ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Development of a 3D-Membrane-Integrated Microfluidic System for Electrochemical Characterization of Membrane.","authors":"Najamuddin Naveed Khaja, Sreerag Kaaliveetil, Niranjan Haridas Menon, Chetan Prakash Sharma, Sagnik Basuray","doi":"10.1002/elps.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding interfacial interactions on porous water filtration membranes and developing innovative methods to reduce membrane fouling remain key challenges in membrane-based water treatment systems. This work presents an innovative 3D microfluidic system that integrates electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to examine membrane-electrolyte interactions on nonconductive polymeric membranes. Glass slides patterned with micro-gold electrodes act as the working, reference, and counter electrodes. In contrast, a porous nylon membrane is sandwiched between them using pressure-sensitive double-sided tape with microchannels. The device was tested through colorimetric and fluorescence-based leakage analysis, confirming complete fluid confinement within the microchannel and demonstrating that the tape-membrane interfaces are robust and leak-free. To assess the electrochemical performance of the platform, EIS was performed at varying KCl concentrations as the electrolyte. The results showed a strong link between charge transfer resistance and electrolyte ionic strength, in line with classical electrochemical theory, which states that higher ionic strength compresses the electric double layer and promotes faster charge transfer. As KCl concentration increased from 1 to 10 and 100 mM, the charge transfer resistance decreased significantly, indicating improved ionic conductivity and lower interfacial impedance, and producing stable, reproducible Nyquist spectra at higher concentrations. Comparison with the control configuration (without the membrane) revealed consistently higher charge-transfer resistance in the membrane-integrated device, confirming the porous membrane's contribution to ion-transport resistance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the microfluidic membrane device offers a leak-free, stable, and precisely controlled microscale environment, ideal for studying interfacial electrochemical processes and fouling behavior. It also provides a versatile foundation for future integration of spectroscopic, photoelectrochemical, and advanced membrane-science techniques for real-time mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board: Electrophoresis 10'26","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elps.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"925-928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Quantification of Naltrexone and Its Major Metabolite 6-β-Naltrexol in Human Plasma","authors":"Betul Yukseloglu,&nbsp;Cansu Beyret,&nbsp;Kenan Can Tok,&nbsp;Eray Karatasoglu,&nbsp;Ceren H. Bozmaoglu,&nbsp;Zehra Ucar Hasanli,&nbsp;Bekir Salih,&nbsp;Mehmet Gumustas,&nbsp;Mehmet Gokhan Caglayan","doi":"10.1002/elps.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the determination of naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, and its primary metabolite, 6-β-naltrexol (6-β-NTX). Naltrexone is commonly used in the treatment of opioid and alcohol dependence. Accurate quantification of such drugs and their metabolites is essential for ensuring therapeutic efficacy and safety. Reliable determination of NTX and 6-β-NTX in plasma is important for bioanalytical and clinical investigations involving naltrexone therapy. Method optimization was carried out using Box–Behnken design within the framework of response surface methodology to achieve maximum resolution between naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol. Separation was performed at 15°C using a 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) under an applied voltage of 20 kV, without the addition of organic modifiers. The method was validated in accordance with bioanalytical validation guidelines, providing a validated lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 µg/mL for both analytes, with precision (% relative standard deviation [RSD]) below 7% at the LLOQ. The validated method was successfully applied to plasma samples obtained from patients receiving treatment for alcohol and opioid use disorders. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the proposed CE method and its sample preparation steps was assessed using green analytical chemistry metrics, such as AGREE, AGREEprep, and MoGAPI, demonstrating its greener profile compared to reported methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"929-938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis–Sample Stacking Determination of Acrylamide Residue in Super Absorbent Polymers of Diapers","authors":"Senem Dila Yılmaz,&nbsp;Zeynep Kalaycıoğlu,&nbsp;F. Bedia Erim","doi":"10.1002/elps.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acrylamide is a mutagenic and likely carcinogenic molecule. Incomplete polymerization of commercial acrylamide-based polymers leaves residual acrylamide molecules that pose a threat to human health and the environment. Acrylamide, being a polar molecule, is readily soluble in water but cannot be easily ionized in an aqueous environment. Therefore, the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis method is challenging to apply to acrylamide molecules. In this study, a capillary electrophoresis method that alters the acid–base properties of acrylamide under nonaqueous conditions, thereby imparting electrophoretic mobility to the molecule and increasing sensitivity through sample stacking, was used to detect acrylamide residues in absorbent polymers used in baby diapers. The method exhibited excellent analytical performance, with a linear range of 20–500 µg/L (<i>R</i>² = 0.9999), limits of detection and quantification of 5.3 and 17.7 µg/L, respectively, and satisfactory precision and recovery values. The applicability of the proposed approach was demonstrated by analyzing five commercial baby diaper samples. Acrylamide was detected in all samples at concentrations ranging from 0.483 to 1.36 µg/g, indicating the presence of residual monomer associated with polyacrylamide-based superabsorbent polymers. These findings highlight the capability of combining nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with online preconcentration techniques for the sensitive determination of acrylamide in complex polymer-based matrices and emphasize the importance of monitoring such residues in hygiene products intended for infant use.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"950-956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coated and Immobilized Polysaccharides-Based Stationary Phases for Planar Metallocenes Enantioseparation in Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Florine Wartelle,&nbsp;Rose Leblond,&nbsp;Lisa Bonin,&nbsp;Alina Ghinet,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Lipka","doi":"10.1002/elps.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interest in unsymmetrically disubstituted metallocene derivatives, originally developed for asymmetric synthesis, emerged later in medicinal chemistry. In this study, 21 novel compounds were investigated, including (i) 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,<i>n</i>′-disubstituted ruthenocenes and ferrocenes; (ii) ruthenocenes and ferrocenes with central chirality; and (iii) a ruthenocene possessing both central and planar chirality, for which four stereoisomers are expected. The compounds were analyzed by normal-phase mode liquid chromatography under arbitrarily selected conditions of 20°C and a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with UV detection at 260 nm. Eight polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases were evaluated, using <i>n</i>-heptane combined with either 20% ethanol or 2-propanol as the mobile phase. In addition to coated silica gel stationary phases, including cellulose <i>tris</i>(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate), immobilized silica gel stationary phases, such as cellulose <i>tris</i>(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate), and amylose and cellulose <i>tris</i>(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), were investigated for these derivatives. Significant differences in enantioseparation were observed depending on the molecular structure of the derivative, the nature of the stationary phase, and the type and percentage of alcohol used in the mobile phase. Notably, none of the columns tested was able to separate all isomers, regardless of whether identical or varied alcohol types and concentrations were employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"992-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spacer-Enhanced Resolution of Thiamine and Pyridoxine in Hydrodynamically Closed Two-Dimensional Capillary Isotachophoresis Coupled With Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Paula Cermakova,&nbsp;Patricia Jackuliakova,&nbsp;Miroslava Spaglova,&nbsp;Vojtech Parrak,&nbsp;Juraj Piestansky","doi":"10.1002/elps.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effect of specific spacers added to the separation environment of capillary isotachophoresis in a hydrodynamically closed two-dimensional device hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry is reported in this short communication. Combination of two spacers, here, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol and histidine, led to enhanced resolution of two model analytes (thiamine and pyridoxine) in model and real pharmaceutical samples (tablet drug dosage form). The addition of the spacers at relatively high concentration level (i.e., 20 µg/mL) caused no significant interference and suppression of the analytical signal in the mass spectrometry detection step. Eco-friendliness, practicality, and performance of the method were confirmed using the metric tools of the “White Analytical Chemistry.” High repeatability of the separation process could broaden the application possibilities of the hydrodynamically closed capillary electrophoresis system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"957-963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Controllable Galinstan Droplet Gripper Driven by Electrically Induced Interfacial Modulation","authors":"Qingming Hu,&nbsp;Deyu Pan,&nbsp;Yanqi Guan,&nbsp;Dandan Sun,&nbsp;Donghui Xu","doi":"10.1002/elps.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gallium-based liquid metals exhibit attractive properties for precision manipulation, combining high fluidity, superior electrical conductivity, and electrically tunable interfacial behavior. Their deformable liquid interfaces provide a promising route for adaptive contact with irregular, fragile, or soft objects. Conventional rigid fixtures may induce surface microscratches, structural damage, or residual contamination when manipulating precision components, such as glass microspheres or optical elements, limiting their use in high-precision assembly. To address these limitations, we propose a compact flexible gripper system that uses an electrically driven Galinstan droplet as the primary actuating element. By regulating the interface between the droplet and the electrolyte through coupled electrocapillary and electrochemical processes, the liquid metal undergoes controllable deformation, enabling stable gripping, holding, and release. Under reverse voltage, the interfacial state of the droplet recovers, allowing the droplet to retract and release the object without visible residue. Integrated with a compact motion platform, the system enables automated transport of small objects under controlled experimental conditions. The effects of applied voltage, NaOH concentration, electrolyte volume, electrode size, clamp geometry, and Galinstan droplet volume were systematically investigated to evaluate the gripping and release performance. The gripper achieved stable clamping within 0.2–4 s and exhibited a relatively long stable holding duration at a low voltage of approximately 0.15 V. In addition to precision glass microspheres, the gripper successfully transported representative objects with different material properties and geometries, including ceramic spheres, iron spheres, and small fish specimens with characteristic sizes of approximately 2 mm. Load-bearing tests further identified a maximum stable transportable load of 0.4 g for the gripper with a 2.25 mm aperture. This work provides a feasible strategy for electrically controlled and gentle manipulation of small objects, demonstrating the potential of Galinstan droplet grippers in precision assembly and small-scale automated handling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"1010-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Green Solvents to Extract Vitamin D3 and the Metabolite 25OHD3 From Human Plasma and the Influence of Plasma Storage Conditions","authors":"Lokesh Kumar Sugumar,&nbsp;Kishore K. R. Tetala","doi":"10.1002/elps.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamin D₃ (VD₃) and its metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25OHD₃) are important biological molecules that play a significant role in human well-being. Conventional methods use highly hazardous solvents to extract them from their bound form, which is prior to their analysis in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Considering the World Health Organization's (WHO's) sustainable development goals (SDGs), there is a need for green solvents to extract valuable biological metabolites such as VD₃ from human plasma. This study explored the potential of existing green solvents to liberate VD₃ and 25OHD₃ in human plasma samples. Five green solvents were shortlisted based on their physicochemical properties and low toxicity level. HPLC–UV chromatography conditions using a C8 column (BEH C8 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 150 mm²) were identified to achieve good peak-to-peak separation of 25OHD₃ (2.74 min) and VD₃ (4.5 min) within 5 min. The optimized method had an excellent limit of detection (LOD) for both VD₃ (86 pg/mL) and 25OHD₃ (89 pg/mL). Ethyl acetate has outperformed other green solvents and a solvent mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (in different ratios) in extracting both VD₃ and 25(OH)D₃ from human plasma samples (RSD &lt; 2.2%). The stability of VD₃ and 25OHD₃ was tested with different plasma storage conditions (5°C, −20°C, −80°C, and lyophilized powder) for up to 60 days. Plasma stored at −20°C has significantly preserved the stability of VD₃ and its metabolite 25OHD₃, both of which were successfully extracted using ethyl acetate with minimal loss even on the 60^th day of storage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"982-991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrokinetic Separation of Microplastics Using a Hybrid Dielectrophoresis–Bipolar Electrode Microchannel","authors":"Zhenrong Sun,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Guoyu Zhu,&nbsp;Chengjiao Yu,&nbsp;Chicheng Ma","doi":"10.1002/elps.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The environmental persistence of microplastic particles has raised increasing concerns for both human health and ecological systems. Owing to their intrinsic electrical properties and broad size distribution, electrokinetic-based microfluidic separation techniques have attracted increasing attention. In this study, a hybrid dielectrophoresis–bipolar electrode (DEP–BPE) microchannel is proposed to enhance particle separation across multiple size scales. A multiphysics numerical model coupled with particle tracking is developed to investigate the coupled electrokinetic mechanisms governing particle transport, including dielectrophoretic (DEP) force, electrophoretic migration, and electroosmotic flow (EOF)-induced hydrodynamic drag. The results show that increasing the applied voltage amplifies electrokinetic forces and significantly improves removal efficiency. However, the separation performance exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on voltage, arising from the competition between lateral DEP displacement and axial transport driven by electrophoresis and EOF. An optimal voltage condition is identified, under which trajectory differentiation is maximized without over deflection. Electrode spacing is found to primarily regulate the spatial distribution of electrokinetic interactions, exerting a limited influence on overall separation strength but significantly affecting the location of particle deflection and trajectory evolution. These findings demonstrate that particle separation in the DEP–BPE microchannel is governed by the coupling between force magnitude and spatial distribution and highlight the effectiveness of integrating DEP-induced stratification with BPE-driven trajectory divergence. This work provides mechanistic insights and design guidelines for high-efficiency microfluidic separation of polydisperse microplastic particles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"1022-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromanipulation With Dielectrophoretic Forces: A Review","authors":"Morteza Bayareh,&nbsp;Narges Jafari Ghahfarokhi,&nbsp;Minseok Kim","doi":"10.1002/elps.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review article critically assesses dielectrophoretic (DEP) micromanipulation and methodically examines the discrepancies between theoretical predictions and practical results in cell sorting, trapping, and biological applications. The analysis shows that many published claims of successful DEP-based manipulation are undermined by inadequate consideration of electrothermal and fluidodynamic artifacts, particularly AC electroosmosis (ACEO) and electrothermal flow (ETF), which can generate fluid velocities comparable to or exceeding DEP-induced particle motion under commonly employed conditions. DEP offers compelling advantages, such as label-free operation, frequency-tunable selectivity, and parallel processing capabilities. Joule heating-induced temperature increases of 10–40 K, electrode polarization that significantly alters field distributions at low frequencies, and the extensive use of non-physiological buffers that drastically change native cell activity are other dangers. The review provides a critical assessment of electrode geometries, biological micromanipulation applications, and numerical modeling approaches, while offering structured guidance on research gaps and future perspectives aimed at improving experimental rigor, reproducibility, and clinical translation of DEP-based technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 10","pages":"1040-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}