ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Phenolic Preservatives in Plasma and Insulin Formulations Using Salting-Out Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction","authors":"Meriem Dadouch,&nbsp;Yoann Ladner,&nbsp;Catherine Perrin","doi":"10.1002/elps.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phenolic preservatives are critical excipients in biopharmaceutical formulations such as insulin and its analogs. The determination of these analytes in insulin formulations and human plasma is crucial for various applications. This study reports the first use of a method combining salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The CZE-based separation of phenolic preservatives remains particularly challenging, as the alkaline conditions required for adequate resolution lead to elevated electric current and accelerated capillary deterioration. Analytical parameters, including the nature of the background electrolyte (BGE) and ionic strength, were optimized to ensure reliable separation of phenol, <i>m</i>-cresol, and the internal standard. SALLE was performed using acetonitrile (ACN) as the extraction solvent and ammonium acetate as the salting-out agent. CZE separation was completed in less than 6 min using a carbonate buffer at pH 10.3. The SALLE procedure yielded good recoveries (96%–102%) and repeatability (relative standard deviation [RSD] for concentration determination &lt; 5.5%). The SALLE–CZE–UV methodology showed excellent linearity (<i>r²</i> &gt; 0.994) and repeatability (RSD for corrected migration times: 0.4% for phenol and 0.5% for <i>m</i>-cresol; RSD for the ratio of corrected peak areas [analyte/internal standard]: 2.6% for phenol and 1.8% for <i>m</i>-cresol). Moreover, appropriate limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained for insulin formulations in line with regulatory requirements. In addition, suitable LOD and LOQ (0.014; 0.047 g.L⁻¹ for phenol and 0.007; 0.022 g.L⁻¹ for <i>m</i>-cresol) were obtained for spiked human plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Peak Integration in Capillary Electrophoresis: Reference Data Set No. 1","authors":"Marlon Krompholz,&nbsp;Timothy Blanc,&nbsp;Huixin Lu,&nbsp;Patricia Christensen,&nbsp;Frédéric Ginot,&nbsp;Gábor Járvás,&nbsp;Trang D. Nguyen,&nbsp;Ashley Prout,&nbsp;Timothy Riehlman,&nbsp;Brian Wei,&nbsp;Andrei Hutanu,&nbsp;Steffen Kiessig,&nbsp;Knut Baumann,&nbsp;Cari E. Sänger-van de Griend,&nbsp;Hermann Wätzig","doi":"10.1002/elps.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Capillary electrophoresis (CE) often provides superior separation of macromolecules such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a major biopharmaceutical class, compared with liquid chromatography. However, electropherograms frequently exhibit complex baselines and peak shapes that are not reliably handled by integration algorithms designed for chromatographic data, and manual integration is often required. Many concepts have been proposed to improve peak integration, ranging from incremental algorithmic refinements and signal-to-noise (S/N)-based approaches to artificial intelligence (AI)-driven strategies, but objective performance comparisons are not possible without shared reference data sets and agreed peak limits. To address this gap, we initiated a multinational collaboration involving industrial and academic laboratories to create a comprehensive reference data set for CE peak integration. A total of 227 challenging and practically relevant electropherograms were collected from diverse applications, converted to a standardized format, and independently integrated by multiple experts. Using dedicated software tools and a structured consensus process, mutually accepted reference integration limits were established for each data set. These reference electropherograms, together with the underlying integration rules, are now made available to the scientific community. Analysis of the reference data set identified general principles for reliable peak integration, including the importance of standardized zoom levels and consistent handling of small peaks near the noise level. The data set provides a common foundation for benchmarking commercial chromatography data systems (CDS) and for developing and validating new algorithmic and AI-based integration methods. We expect this work to speed up the development of practical, automated integration strategies for CE and that these core concepts can be applied to other separation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"276-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrilineal Genetic Analysis of Tibeto-Burman-Speaking Populations in Guizhou","authors":"Shuaiji Pan,&nbsp;Yuhang Feng,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Cuiyun Le,&nbsp;Hongling Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoye Jin,&nbsp;Qiyan Wang,&nbsp;Yubo Liu,&nbsp;Meiqing Yang,&nbsp;Wen Wan,&nbsp;Jiang Huang,&nbsp;Zheng Ren","doi":"10.1002/elps.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on the genetic characteristics of Tibeto-Burman (TB)-speaking populations have primarily concentrated on high-altitude Tibetan populations, while studies involving TB-speaking populations in Guizhou remain scarce. This research involved sequencing the whole mitochondrial genome of 321 individuals from TB-speaking populations in Guizhou, such as Bai, Yi, and Tujia. Haplotype diversity (Hd), molecular diversity indices, neutrality tests, mismatch distributions, and Bayesian skyline plots were utilized to evaluate genetic characteristics and population fluctuations. To investigate the genetic architecture of TB populations in Guizhou, analyses of population genetics were conducted utilizing complete mitochondrial genome sequences obtained from 91 worldwide populations. The TB-speaking populations in Guizhou exhibit a significant presence of prevalent southern haplogroups (49.53%) and prevalent northern haplogroups (36.45%). Genetic analyses revealed closer genetic relationships between Guizhou TB populations and Han populations of southern China, as well as Guizhou Tai-Kadai-speaking populations. This study fills the gap in maternal genetic research at the whole mitochondrial genome level for Guizhou TB populations and provides valuable data for population genetic studies of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"353-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Electrophoresis With Contactless Conductivity Detection for Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Abdalla A. Elbashir,&nbsp;Mei Musa Ali Omar","doi":"10.1002/elps.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE–C⁴D) has emerged as a sensitive, versatile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for pharmaceutical analysis. The primary objective of this review is to critically evaluate pharmaceutical applications of CE–C⁴D, including active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) quantification, chiral separations, counter-ion analysis, and impurity and degradation product profiling. A concise and selective overview of CE–C⁴D fundamentals and key stages of its development—from early oscillometric detectors to advanced dual-axial designs—is provided solely to establish essential detection principles and to support discussion of method optimization, particularly the critical role of background electrolyte (BGE) selection. Summary tables compile BGE compositions and limits of detection (LODs), offering a comparative resource for researchers. Compared with conventional detectors such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, and mass spectrometry (MS), CE–C⁴D enables universal and direct analysis of both UV-active and non-UV-active compounds, with additional advantages in portability and miniaturization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"295-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive Analysis of Topoisomers of Large Plasmid DNA by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis With Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Uncoated Capillary","authors":"Yan He,&nbsp;John Orlet,&nbsp;Olivia Cunio,&nbsp;Thomas F Lerch,&nbsp;Nathan A. Lacher","doi":"10.1002/elps.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a capillary gel electrophoresis–laser-induced fluorescence (CGE–LIF) method for analyzing topoisomers of large plasmid DNA (up to 19 kbp) using an uncoated capillary. Separation of large plasmid isoforms, particularly the open circular (OC) form, poses significant challenges in gel buffer formulation. To address this, we systematically investigated the effects of multiple parameters—including polymer type, fluorescent dye selection, stir bar geometry, stirring speed and duration, gel volume, container dimensions, and technique for polymer addition—on separation performance. The optimized gel buffer composition was 0.9% polyethylene oxide (PEO), 0.02% SYBR Green, 50 mM <i>N</i>-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES), 1 mM EDTA, and 20 mM NaCl at pH 6.25. Replacing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel with PEO gel significantly improved OC isoform separation. Furthermore, substituting SYBR Gold with SYBR Green enhanced the robustness of OC separation and yielded a 4- to 8-fold increase in sensitivity. The PEO gel preparation process was successfully scaled and optimized at the 100 mL level. With consistent capillary cleaning and storage protocols, the method demonstrated excellent reproducibility over 150 consecutive runs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"47 4","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Numerical Analysis of Dielectric-Patterned Hybrid Induced-Charge Electrokinetics for On-Chip Nanoparticle Enrichment.","authors":"Miao Fang, Ye Tao, Yifan Chen, Jingyi Yang, Wen Cao, Wenhui Hou, Kang Xiangli, Weiyu Liu","doi":"10.1002/elps.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticle enrichment is critical for analytical chemistry applications in microfluidic chemical and biological analyses, enabling sensitive detection of low-abundance species. Among electrokinetic techniques, induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) stands out for its nonlinear electric field response, effectiveness in dilute electrolytes, and independence from solution-specific properties-addressing limitations of conventional methods like centrifugation. Here, we present a dielectric-patterned bottom electrode microfluidic device that generates a hybrid ICEO flow field (a synergy of two modes) for efficient nanoparticle enrichment, designed as a high-performance sample pretreatment module for microfluidic analytical systems. Dielectric patterning induces tangential electric fields-indispensable for ICEO flow-creating alternating conductive grooves and dielectric protrusions. The hybrid field comprises low-frequency, strong converging ICEO flows in grooves (drawing particles to groove centers) and high-frequency, weak quadrupolar ICEO flows around dielectrics (enabling supplementary transport). Via numerical simulations coupling electrokinetic, fluid, and mass transport effects, optimal enrichment (concentration factor >3.6, ∼5 µm narrow band) is achieved at 2 kHz and 3 V, driven by converging flows-this performance directly meets the pretreatment requirements for trace nanoparticle analysis by enhancing sample concentration to detectable levels. Voltage modulation enables dual-target capture: groove centers at low voltages (3-6 V) and dielectric corners at high voltages (12-15 V) via ICEO-dielectrophoresis synergy, expanding the adaptability of the system to diverse analytical detection layouts. The hybrid field exhibits strong frequency/conductivity dependence: Converging flow peak frequencies shift to higher values with increasing conductivity, whereas quadrupolar flows always remain robust in the high frequency limit-supporting the analysis of samples with varying matrix conductivities, a key demand in analytical chemistry. This work advances microfluidic nanoparticle manipulation with a frequency-adaptable platform, overcoming unpatterned electrode limitations (narrow frequency range and poor localization). Potential applications include point-of-care diagnostics, lab-on-a-chip analytical systems, and trace environmental/biological nanoparticle detection, all core focuses of analytical chemistry research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Application of an HPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of 3-O-Methylquercetin in Nasal Mucosa.","authors":"Jeniffer Viviana Ramirez Hernández, Laura da Silva Machado, Flávia Nathiely Silveira Fachel, Sara Elis Bianchi, Elizandra Braganhol, Sheila Porto de Matos, Valquíria Linck Bassani","doi":"10.1002/elps.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ) is a methylated flavonoid with relevant biological activity whose reliable quantification in complex biological matrices remains analytically challenging due to its low aqueous solubility and matrix-related interferences. In the present study, a previously reported HPLC-UV method was adapted and revalidated for quantifying 3OMQ in porcine nasal mucosa for use in in vitro permeation and retention studies. Chromatographic separation was achieved under isocratic conditions using a phenyl stationary phase, providing adequate selectivity and reproducibility in the new biological matrix. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration range of 1-25 µg/mL (r² > 0.99). Accuracy and precision met international regulatory acceptance criteria, with relative standard deviations below 5% for both intra-day and inter-day evaluations. It also demonstrated excellent robustness under deliberate variations in flow rate, temperature, and detection wavelength (RSD < 2.00%). Matrix effect (86.94%-110.28%) and recovery (85.21%-106.47%) results confirmed the reproducibility and the efficiency of the method. The applicability of the revalidated method was demonstrated through in vitro release, permeation, and retention experiments using Franz diffusion cells and porcine nasal mucosa. These findings demonstrate that the method is precise, sensitive, and robust, making it suitable for nasal permeation and retention studies of 3OMQ. Moreover, this analytical approach represents a reliable tool for in vitro and ex vivo pharmaceutical research, supporting the development and evaluation of nasal drug delivery systems for poorly soluble bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoid aglycones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractionation of Milligram Quantities of Gadolinium and Terbium Ions by Annular Free-Flow Isotachophoresis.","authors":"Hannah Hallikainen, Xiaofeng Guo, Cornelius Ivory","doi":"10.1002/elps.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fractionation of milligram quantities of gadolinium (Gd) and terbium (Tb) ions is demonstrated using annular free-flow isotachophoresis (ITP) with ammonium as the leading ion and hydronium as the terminating ion, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and acetate as lanthanide complexing ligands. Buffer conditions were designed using numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, allowing for rapid screening of candidate buffer systems before laboratory experiments. The leading electrolyte contained 15 mM ammonium acetate, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 4.9, while the terminating electrolyte consisted of 15 mM glutamic acid, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 3.1. After 5 h of electrophoresis at 2 kV and at a mass loading of 7.077 mg Gd and 7.074 mg Tb, 84.08% of the Tb mass was recovered in the first 7 fractions removed from the separation column, and 86.51% of the Gd mass was recovered from the remaining 11 fractions. Overall recoveries of Gd and Tb were 95.07% and 99.13%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Resistance Coupled Electromechanical Model for Enhanced Droplet Transport Dynamics Precision in Optoelectrowetting Chip.","authors":"Tianyi Wang, Xuekai Liu, Jianghao Zeng, Hong Yan, Yongbo Deng, Teng Zhou, Liuyong Shi","doi":"10.1002/elps.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To overcome the poor accuracy of classical electrowetting theory in predicting contact-angle saturation and droplet dynamics at high driving voltages in optoelectrowetting (OEW) digital microfluidics, we propose a novel electromechanical model that couples multiple resistance mechanisms. Within a conventional electrodynamic framework, the model embeds electric force, wall-shear resistance, viscous drag from the surrounding medium, and dynamic contact-line friction simultaneously into the source terms of the Navier-Stokes equations, and solves them in concert with an electric-current, phase-field, and laminar-flow multiphysics scheme. Experiments on a self-fabricated OEW chip, carried out over 160-600 V, validate the model against measured contact angles and droplet trajectories. In the high-voltage regime, the improved model limits the contact-angle deviation to ≤2° and the velocity deviation to only 0.05 mm/s-far outperforming both the Lippmann-Young equation and conventional electromechanical formulations. Parametric analyses further show that raising the dielectric constant or reducing the thickness of the dielectric layer markedly enhances the local electric field, thereby increasing droplet speed and displacement, while employing a highly photoconductive a-Si:H layer minimizes voltage drop and optimizes actuation performance. The work provides a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for OEW chip design and material selection, offering a pathway toward high-precision parallel droplet manipulation and fully integrated microfluidic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Microtubule-Solid-State Nanopores for Single-Molecule Analysis.","authors":"Matthew O'Donohue, Chaoming Gu, Byungsoo Kim, KeunMin Ken Lee, Sangyoup Lee, Chi Won Ahn, Myung Chul Choi, Min Jun Kim","doi":"10.1002/elps.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a hybrid microtubule-solid-state nanopore (MT-SSN) platform that enables label-free single-molecule analysis. Under continuous voltage bias, individual taxol-stabilized MTs are electrostatically anchored into an SSN to form a stable conduit for ionic current. We measured ionic current through MT-SSNs under two distinct configurations, one in which the SSN constricts ionic flow, and the other where the MT itself serves as the primary conduction channel. The geometrical asymmetry of the hybrid MT-SSN leads to a pronounced current-voltage asymmetry, that is, current rectification. Compared to bare SSNs, the hybrid MT-SSN slows double-stranded DNA translocation by up to ∼3.5× and enhances event-level signal contrast by increasing the relative current blockade, despite an increase in baseline low-frequency noise. By repurposing the hollow, charged nanotubule of MTs to establish a novel framework for probing nanoscale ionic transport at the single-molecule level, this study provides insight into the broader use of cytoskeletal proteins for bioelectronics sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}