ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Free Solution Oligonucleotide Separation by CE-MS in Acidic Buffers and Positive ESI Ionization.","authors":"Maria Butnariu, Veronika Šolínová, Dušan Koval, Václav Kašička","doi":"10.1002/elps.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work focuses on the separation of oligonucleotides (ONs) in a free solution by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Specifically, we evaluated a combination of separation in acidic background electrolytes (BGEs), nanospray ionization, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry in positive mode. A mixture of synthetic ONs, ranging in length from 15 to 78 nt, was employed as the test compounds. The key to a good separation selectivity of ONs lies in the different protonation of individual nucleobases. To this end, we assessed the acidity constant (pK_a) of the nucleobases in nucleotides experimentally as 3.3 for adenine, 4.4 for cytosine, 2.5 for guanine, and < 2 for thymine. From a set of separations in the 2-9 pH range, it was found that optimum peak shape and resolution are achieved in the interval of acidic pH 2-2.5. The BGE can be conveniently composed of either formic acid (FA) or a combination of ammonium hydroxide and FA. Nanospray ionization provided ions with charge numbers ranging from +4 to +8, proportional to the length of the ON. For short sequences, sheath liquid (SL) comprising 0.5%-1% (v/v) FA + 20% (v/v) methanol was sufficient in order to generate ions in positive mode MS, whereas a stronger SL of 5% (v/v) FA + 20% (v/v) methanol was required for longer ON sequences of approximately > 40 nt.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple and Affordable CZE-UV Method for Quality Control of Insulin in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Formulations Using Quadruple Polymer-Coated Capillary.","authors":"Hailekiros Gebretsadik Kidanemariam, Erwin Adams, Ann Van Schepdael","doi":"10.1002/elps.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substandard and falsified medicines pose a significant public health threat, particularly in low-income countries. Ensuring pharmaceutical quality is crucial to mitigate risks associated with ineffective and harmful medications. Among others, developing and implementing robust and cost-effective analytical methods is an important and quick strategy for ensuring the quality of medicines. This study aimed to develop a robust and cost-effective capillary zone electrophoresis method with UV detection for insulin analysis in active pharmaceutical ingredient and formulations. A multilayer capillary coated with polybrene and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) improved repeatability. The method was optimized by systematically evaluating running buffer composition, pH, ionic strength, and voltage, achieving optimal separation with a 60 mM phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. It demonstrated excellent precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness. Application of the method to insulin commercial samples verified compliance with pharmacopoeial standards. The method could be a reliable and accessible alternative for quality control of insulin in resource-limited settings, supporting efforts to combat substandard pharmaceuticals and protect public health. Moreover, the method aligns with green chemistry principles, as it eliminates the need for organic solvents, either as solvent or as a component of the running buffer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic- and Field-Assisted 3D Printing: Leveraging Fluidic Control, Electrokinetic Phenomena, and Other Physical Fields to Advance Additive Manufacturing.","authors":"Guillermo Ramirez-Alvarado, Gongchen Sun","doi":"10.1002/elps.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized manufacturing by enabling the rapid fabrication of complex structures, yet conventional 3D techniques remain constrained by inherent limitations in resolution, speed, and multi-material integration. To address these challenges, emerging approaches such as microfluidic-assisted and field-assisted additive manufacturing have been developed to enhance the capabilities and versatility of the method. Microfluidic-assisted 3D printing leverages controlled flow patterns for material deposition and control, material gradient formation, and advanced polymerization processes. Field-assisted methods, including electric-, acoustic-, and interface-assisted approaches, directly manipulate materials during printing to enable advanced functionalities and material properties. This review summarizes the latest advancements in microfluidic- and field-assisted 3D printing, highlighting their unique advantage in overcoming current 3D printing limitations and their potential to drive innovation in applications ranging from biomedical devices to functional materials development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two Strategies of Analysis of Urinary Protein Composition for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Renal Diseases.","authors":"Joris Guyon, Jeanne Malaubier, Hong-Van Pham, Lila Rami Arab, Laurence Pieroni, Marie-Laure Curutchet-Burtin, Rémi Segues, Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil, Annie M Bérard","doi":"10.1002/elps.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteinuria analysis is necessary to detect the early stages of kidney disease before the estimated glomerular filtration rate deteriorates and to monitor the progression of treated kidney disease. Electrophoresis is often the first orientation test, although this test is time-consuming and its interpretation may be subjective. Two types of electrophoresis gel for urinary proteins are available: (1) high-resolution (HR) agarose gel and (2) agarose gel combined with immunological detection of specific urinary proteins after their electrophoretic migration (UP). As the former is known to provide the best results for the quantification of monoclonal protein and the latter for its characterization, we only investigated methods for determining the type of kidney damage in our study. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare two strategies for proteinuria typing: UP gel to HR gel with quantification of specific proteins (albumin, eventually transferrin, α1-microglobulin, eventually β2-microglobulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and α2-macroglobulin if blood is present), and HR gel allowing the visualization of RBP, β2-microglobulin, and transferrin. The two methods were comparable in detecting abnormal excretion of tubular markers (α1-microglobulin and β2-microglobulin), nonselective glomerular markers such as IgG, and post-renal marker (α2-macroglobulin). The results differed for albumin, whose limit of detection was 25 times lower than the limit of quantification by immunoassay, leading to false positives and no differentiation between low and high excretion of albuminuria. In conclusion on UP gel, when proteinuria typing is prescribed without investigating monoclonal protein, we recommend carrying out immunoassays for specific proteins (e.g., albumin, α1-microglobulin, eventually β2-microglobulin, and IgG). In a context of associated monoclonal protein investigation, tubular and glomerular damage markers (excluding albumin) can be interpreted on a UP gel. If blood is present, α2-macroglobulin must be measured using immunoassays to determine the post-renal origin of proteinuria using the ratio α2-macroglobulin/albumin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into a Novel Asymmetric T-Type Microdroplet Mixer in the Microfluidic Chip With Tunable Shrink.","authors":"Junsheng Wang, Bing Yang, Qing Yu, Qiaoyu Feng, Haoxin Jia, Kai Zhao","doi":"10.1002/elps.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel microdroplet mixer is proposed by combining the asymmetric offset structure with tunable shrink in the microfluidic chip. The mixer consists of a coaxial flow region in the dispersed-phase channel and an asymmetrical offset aggregation region in the downstream channel, which shortens the mass transfer distance between the solutions to be mixed through the \"sandwich\" type of initial distribution, and utilizes the tunable shrink to reduce the shear force and break the symmetric vortex during the generation of the microdroplets, prolonging the pre-mixing time. Through finite element simulation, the effects of dispersed-phase flow velocity, continuous-phase flow velocity, the relative angles and offset distances between the continuous and dispersed-phases, and the necking width and length of the tunable shrink on the mixing efficiency inside the droplets were investigated. The internal mixing inside the microdroplet decrease with the dispersed-phase flow velocity, whereas the increase of the continuous-phase flow velocity favors the mixing enhancement. By optimizing the above-mentioned effects, the mixing efficiency achieves as high as approximately 97%, demonstrating the excellent mixing inside the microdroplets in the novel asymmetric micromixer. The proposed microdroplet mixer illustrates advantages of rapid mixing, simple patterned geometry, and easy to fabricate, demonstrating a promising technique for flexibly fluid mixing inside the microdroplet on a microfluidic chip.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of Electrophoresis—2025","authors":"Prashanta Dutta,&nbsp;Bohuslav Gaš","doi":"10.1002/elps.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 13-14","pages":"795-796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board: Electrophoresis 13–14'25","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elps.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.70027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 13-14","pages":"789-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifty Years of Nonlinear Electrophoresis.","authors":"Carlos A Mendiola-Escobedo, Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas","doi":"10.1002/elps.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonlinear electrophoresis (EP) has seen significant advancements over the past five decades, evolving into a potent electrokinetic phenomenon with transformative potential for analytical chemistry, particularly in the areas of bioanalysis and separations. This review chronicles the historical development of nonlinear EP, from its foundational Russian-language publications in the 1970s to its current applications enabling highly discriminatory separations of particles ranging from nanoparticles to large cells, exploiting subtle analyte differences. This review article is organized in three distinct eras: the 1970s, from 1980 to 2000, and from 2000 to the present. The latter is covered in terms of the advances in theory and modeling and the advances in experimental applications. The established regimes of classical nonlinear EP, currently utilized for electrophoretic separation of viruses, cells, and various micro- and nanoparticles, are discussed. Despite these breakthroughs, significant research opportunities remain, including the development of analytical expressions for dielectric particles at intermediate Peclet numbers (1 < Pe < 10), the application of AC signals for purely nonlinear separations, and understanding the migration of highly charged particles with thick electrical double layers. This article aims to provide experimentalists with a clear and accessible overview of the history and key advancements of nonlinear EP, highlighting its flexibility and positioning it as a major future player in bioanalytical chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC Insulator-Based Dielectrophoretic Separation of Live and Dead Yeast Cells.","authors":"Seyed Mojtaba Tabarhoseini, Walter Johnson, Peter Michael Koniers, Tzuen-Rong Tzeng, Hui Zhao, Xiangchun Xuan","doi":"10.1002/elps.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The separation of live and dead cells is crucial for the diagnosis of early-stage diseases and efficacy test of drug screening, etc. We demonstrate the biological application of our recently developed AC insulator-based dielectrophoresis (AC iDEP) technique for the separation of live and dead yeast cells in a virtually infinitely long ratchet microchannel. This separation arises from the variation of surface charge and in turn electrokinetic velocity when yeast cells lose viability, as compared to the varying dielectrophoretic responses in conventional dielectrophoretic methods. The live and dead yeast cells can be focused toward the channel centerline and ratchet base, respectively, under AC voltages within a selected frequency and amplitude window. The performance of this cell viability-based AC iDEP separation is evaluated using the separation efficiency, which is reasonably predicted by a numerical model.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an MPS-Based Microhaplotype Assay for Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Testing.","authors":"Ranran Zhang, Jiaming Xue, Mengyu Tan, Fan Yang, Guihong Liu, Yazi Zheng, Qiushuo Wu, Miao Liao, Meili Lv, Chengtao Li, Suhua Zhang, Shengqiu Qu, Weibo Liang","doi":"10.1002/elps.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive prenatal paternity testing (NIPPT) enables the genotyping of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from maternal plasma through deep sequencing. Microhaplotypes (MHs) combine the advantages of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and have attracted much attention in NIPPT. In this study, we optimized 45 MHs from our previous study and confirmed the effectiveness of the 45plex MH panel through different kinship inferences using real samples, including duos, trios, full siblings, and second-to-fifth-degree relatives, and excluding unrelated individuals. Furthermore, we tested 11 cfDNA and reference mother-child pairs in the first trimester (7 + 4-12 + 6 weeks) and 11 cfDNA and reference trios in the second trimester (18+ weeks). The R packages Familias and RelMix and the software EuroForMix were used for data interpretation. The results showed that MHs of cfDNA could be effectively detected using our sequencing and genotyping pipelines. We correctly determined paternity in 11 NIPPT cases, with Log₁₀LR > 10, which were significantly separated from real unrelated males. Our study indicates that this massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based 45plex MH panel provides more robust relationship inference capabilities than standard STR systems, complements NIPPT, and may help solve relevant issues for relative DNA mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}