Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"The global challenge of reducing mercury contamination from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM): evaluating solutions using generic theories of change.","authors":"Allison R Aldous, Tim Tear, Luis E Fernandez","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02741-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02741-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury contamination from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) currently accounts for 37% of the global total, often affecting tropical regions where regulations, if they exist, are often poorly enforced. Ingestion by people and other animals damages the nervous, reproductive, and cognitive systems. Despite the efforts of many organizations and governments to curb mercury releases from ASGM, it is increasing globally. There are many possible interventions, all with significant complexity and cost. Therefore, we recommend taking an established systematic approach to articulate the current situation and construct theories of change (ToC) for different possible interventions for any government or organization trying to solve this problem. Here we present a high-level situation analysis and generic ToC to support a more coordinated approach that explicitly builds upon previous experience to identify organization- and situation-appropriate engagement on this issue. We then illustrate the use of these generic models to construct a specific ToC with a policy-focused entry point. This includes interventions through (1) engagement with the global Minamata Convention on Mercury; (2) support for existing national laws and policies connected to ASGM and mercury contamination; and (3) engagement of indigenous people and local communities with governments to meet the governments' legal obligations. By methodically articulating assumptions about interventions, connections among actions, and desired outcomes, it is possible to create a more effective approach that will encourage more coordination and cooperation among governments and other practitioners to maximize their investments and support broad environmental and socio-political outcomes necessary to address this pernicious problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"506-517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining and biodiversity: a global literature review.","authors":"Imelda M Dossou Etui, Malgorzata Stylo, Kenneth Davis, David C Evers, Vera I Slaveykova, Caroline Wood, Mark E H Burton","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02770-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02770-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of fish and invertebrate mercury concentrations in the Caribbean Region.","authors":"Linroy D Christian, Mark E H Burton, Azad Mohammed, Wendy Nelson, Tahlia Ali Shah, Laël Bertide-Josiah, Helen G Yurek, David C Evers","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02754-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02754-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury is a ubiquitous pollutant of global concern but the threat of exposure is not homogenously distributed at local, regional, or global scales. The primary route of human exposure to mercury is through consumption of aquatic foods, which are culturally and economically important in the wider Caribbean Region, especially for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). We compiled more than 1600 samples of 108 unique species of fish and aquatic invertebrates collected between 2005 and 2023 from eleven countries or territories in the wider Caribbean Region. There was wide variability in total mercury concentrations with 55% of samples below the 0.23 µg/g wet weight (ww) guideline from the U.S. FDA/EPA (2022) for 2 or 3 weekly servings and 26% exceeding the 0.46 µg/g ww guideline consistent with adverse effects on human health from continual consumption, particularly for sensitive populations. Significant relationships were found between total mercury concentrations and taxonomic family, sampling country, fish length, and trophic level. The data analyzed here support the need for further sampling with concrete geospatial data to better understand patterns and mechanisms in mercury concentrations and allow for more informed decision making on the consumption of fish and invertebrates from the wider Caribbean Region as well as supporting efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of national, regional, and international mercury policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"397-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury in aquatic ecosystems of two indigenous communities in the Piedmont Ecuadorian Amazon: evidence from fish, water, and sediments.","authors":"Daniel Escobar-Camacho, Daniela Rosero-López, Melany Ruiz-Urigüen, Karla S Barragán, Natalia Carpintero-Salvador, José R Daza, Allison Aldous, Silvia Benítez, Timothy Tear, Andrea C Encalada","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02764-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02764-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury is a highly toxic element present in water, soil, air, and biota. Anthropogenic activities, such as burning fossil fuels, mining, and deforestation, contribute to the presence and mobilization of mercury between environmental compartments. Although current research on mercury pathways has advanced our understanding of the risks associated with human exposure, limited information exists for remote areas with high diversity of fauna, flora, and indigenous communities. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the presence of total mercury in water, sediments, and fish, within aquatic ecosystems of two indigenous territories: Gomataon (Waorani Nationality) and Sinangoé (Ai´Cofán Nationality) in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Our findings indicate that, for most fish (91.5%), sediment (100%) and water (95.3%) samples, mercury levels fall under international limits. For fish, no significant differences in mercury levels were detected between the two communities. However, eight species exceeded recommended global limits, and one surpassed the threshold according to Ecuadorian legislation. Piscivore and omnivore fish exhibited the highest concentrations of total mercury among trophic guilds. Only one water sample from each community's territory exceeded these limits. Total mercury in sediments exhibited greater concentrations in Gomataon than Sinangoé. Greater levels of mercury in sediments were associated with the occurrence of total organic carbon. Considering that members of the communities consume the analyzed fish, an interdisciplinary approach, including isotopic analysis, methylmercury sampling in humans, and mercury monitoring over time, is imperative for a detailed risk assessment of mercury exposure in Amazonian communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"440-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated mercury exposure in bird communities inhabiting Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining landscapes of the southeastern Peruvian Amazon.","authors":"Jessica N Pisconte, Claudia M Vega, Christopher J Sayers, C Steven Sevillano-Ríos, Martin Pillaca, Edwin Quispe, Vania Tejeda, Cesar Ascorra, Miles R Silman, Luis E Fernandez","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02740-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02740-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) represents a significant source of anthropogenic mercury emissions to the environment, with potentially severe implications for avian biodiversity. In the Madre de Dios department of the southern Peruvian Amazon, ASGM activities have created landscapes marred by deforestation and post-mining water bodies (mining ponds) with notable methylation potential. While data on Hg contamination in terrestrial wildlife remains limited, this study measures Hg exposure in several terrestrial bird species as bioindicators. Total Hg (THg) levels in feathers from birds near water bodies, including mining ponds associated with ASGM areas and oxbow lakes, were analyzed. Our results showed significantly higher Hg concentrations in birds from ASGM sites with mean ± SD of 3.14 ± 7.97 µg/g (range: 0.27 to 72.75 µg/g, n = 312) compared to control sites with a mean of 0.47 ± 0.42 µg/g (range: 0.04 to 1.89 µg/g, n = 52). Factors such as trophic guilds, ASGM presence, and water body area significantly influenced feather Hg concentrations. Notably, piscivorous birds exhibited the highest Hg concentration (31.03 ± 25.25 µg/g, n = 12) exceeding known concentrations that affect reproductive success, where one measurement of Chloroceryle americana (Green kingfisher; 72.7 µg/g) is among the highest ever reported in South America. This research quantifies Hg exposure in avian communities in Amazonian regions affected by ASGM, highlighting potential risks to regional bird populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"472-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mercury concentrations in biota: their use as a basis for a global biomonitoring framework","authors":"David C. Evers, Joshua T. Ackerman, Staffan Åkerblom, Dominique Bally, Nil Basu, Kevin Bishop, Nathalie Bodin, Hans Fredrik Veiteberg Braaten, Mark E. H. Burton, Paco Bustamante, Celia Chen, John Chételat, Linroy Christian, Rune Dietz, Paul Drevnick, Collin Eagles-Smith, Luis E. Fernandez, Neil Hammerschlag, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Agustin Harte, Eva M. Krümmel, José Lailson Brito, Gabriela Medina, Cesar Augusto Barrios Rodriguez, Iain Stenhouse, Elsie Sunderland, Akinori Takeuchi, Tim Tear, Claudia Vega, Simon Wilson, Pianpian Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An important provision of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and its implementation. Here, we describe for the first time currently available biotic mercury (Hg) data on a global scale to improve the understanding of global efforts to reduce the impact of Hg pollution on people and the environment. Data from the peer-reviewed literature were compiled in the Global Biotic Mercury Synthesis (GBMS) database (&gt;550,000 data points). These data provide a foundation for establishing a biomonitoring framework needed to track Hg concentrations in biota globally. We describe Hg exposure in the taxa identified by the Minamata Convention: fish, sea turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Based on the GBMS database, Hg concentrations are presented at relevant geographic scales for continents and oceanic basins. We identify some effective regional templates for monitoring methylmercury (MeHg) availability in the environment, but overall illustrate that there is a general lack of regional biomonitoring initiatives around the world, especially in Africa, Australia, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Temporal trend data for Hg in biota are generally limited. Ecologically sensitive sites (where biota have above average MeHg tissue concentrations) have been identified throughout the world. Efforts to model and quantify ecosystem sensitivity locally, regionally, and globally could help establish effective and efficient biomonitoring programs. We present a framework for a global Hg biomonitoring network that includes a three-step continental and oceanic approach to integrate existing biomonitoring efforts and prioritize filling regional data gaps linked with key Hg sources. We describe a standardized approach that builds on an evidence-based evaluation to assess the Minamata Convention’s progress to reduce the impact of global Hg pollution on people and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemistry biomarkers and metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in Danio rerio exposed to the Sorocaba River (S.P.), Brazil","authors":"Gabriel Hiroshi Fujiwara, Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya, João Victor Cassiel Ferraz, Davi Marques Gutierres, Isabela Ferreira Fernandes, Cleoni dos Santos Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02753-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02753-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal contamination of the environment poses a significant threat to human health and can cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems. <i>Danio rerio</i> was exposed to Sorocaba River water for 96 h from two different sites in summer (S) and winter (W). Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn were determined in the exposure water and in sediment. At the end of the exposure, the concentrations of Al, Cu and Mn at the Ibiúna point (P1) and Mn at the Itupararanga point (P2) decreased compared to the initial concentrations in the water. In summer and winter, the highest concentrations of Cu and Mn were found in the sediment. Exposure to the Sorocaba River water caused various responses both in summer and winter. For example, GPx decreased in winter, Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) increased in summer, and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) decreased in both seasons in the viscera. In winter, SOD Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) increased, while GPx and GST (winter) decreased in muscle; regarding viscera carbonyl proteins, there was an increase in the summer at P2. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in the brain in winter at P2 and NOS decreased in the summer-exposed groups and increased in the winter P2-exposed group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) decreased in viscera (S, P1) and increased in muscle (S, P1 and P2). The glucose and triglycerides increased in muscle, both in summer and winter. Correlation analysis revealed associations between biomarkers from different organs. These alterations suggest that the fish experienced oxidative stress in response to exposure to the Sorocaba River, contaminated with metals, highlighting their vulnerability to environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new exposure protocol adapted for wild bees reveals species-specific impacts of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor","authors":"Justine Dewaele, Alexandre Barraud, Sara Hellström, Robert J. Paxton, Denis Michez","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02750-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02750-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wild bees are crucial pollinators of flowering plants and concerns are rising about their decline associated with pesticide use. Interspecific variation in wild bee response to pesticide exposure is expected to be related to variation in their morphology, physiology, and ecology, though there are still important knowledge gaps in its understanding. Pesticide risk assessments have largely focussed on the Western honey bee sensitivity considering it protective enough for wild bees. Recently, guidelines for <i>Bombus terrestris</i> and <i>Osmia bicornis</i> testing have been developed but are not yet implemented at a global scale in pesticide risk assessments. Here, we developed and tested a new simplified method of pesticide exposure on wild bee species collected from the field in Belgium. Enough specimens of nine species survived in a laboratory setting and were exposed to oral and topical acute doses of a sulfoximine insecticide. Our results confirm significant variability among wild bee species. We show that <i>Osmia cornuta</i> is more sensitive to sulfoxaflor than <i>B. terrestris</i>, whereas <i>Bombus hypnorum</i> is less sensitive. We propose hypotheses on the mechanisms explaining interspecific variations in sensitivity to pesticides. Future pesticide risk assessments of wild bees will require further refinement of protocols for their controlled housing and exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of qPCR reference genes in the endangered annual killifish Austrolebias charrua considering different tissues, gender and environmental conditions","authors":"Antônio Duarte Pagano, Eduardo Bieharls Blödorn, William Borges Domingues, Lucas Petitemberte de Souza, Tony Leandro Rezende da Silveira, Mateus Tavares Kütter, Natiéli Machado Gonçalves, Matheus Vieira Volcan, Patrícia Gomes Costa, Adalto Bianchini, Mariana Härter Remião, Vinicius Farias Campos","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02752-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02752-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The annual killifish <i>Austrolebias charrua</i> is an endangered species, endemic to the southern region of South America, which inhabits temporary ponds that emerges in the rainy season. The main anthropogenic threat driving the extinction of <i>A. charrua</i> stems from extensive agriculture, primarily due to the widrespread use of glyphosate-based herbicides near their habitats. Annual killifishes have been used as models for ecotoxicological studies but, up to now, there are no studies about reference genes in any <i>Austrolebias</i> species. This represents an obstacle to the use of qPCR-based technologies, the standard method for gene expression quantification. The present study aimed to select and validate potential reference genes for qPCR normalization in the annual killifish <i>Austrolebias charrua</i> considering different tissues, gender and environmental conditions. The candidate reference genes <i>18</i> <i>s, actb, gapdh, ef1a, shox, eif3g</i>, and the control gene <i>atp1a1</i> were evaluated in male and female individuals in three different tissues (brain, liver, and gills) under two experimental conditions (control and acute exposition to Roundup Transorb^®). The collected tissues were submitted to RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis, cloning, sequencing, and qPCR. Overall, <i>18</i> <i>s</i> was the most stable reference gene, and <i>18</i> <i>s</i> and <i>ef1a</i> were the most stable combination. Otherwise, considering all variables, <i>gapdh</i> and <i>shox</i> were the least stable candidate genes. Foremost, suitable reference genes were validated in <i>A. charrua</i>, facilitating accurate mRNA quantification in this species, which might be useful for developing molecular tools of ecotoxicological assessment based on gene expression analysis for environmental monitoring of annual killifish.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative structure–activity relationship predicting toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna","authors":"Cong Chen, Bowen Yang, Mingwang Li, Saijin Huang, Xianwei Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02751-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02751-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global pesticide usage reaching 2.7 million metric tons annually, brings a grave threat to non-target organisms, especially aquatic organisms, resulting in serious concerns. Predicting aquatic toxicity of pesticides towards <i>Daphnia magna</i> is significant. In this work, random forest (RF) algorithm, together with ten Dragon molecular descriptors, was successfully utilized to develop a quantitative structure–activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model for the toxicity p<i>EC</i>₅₀ of 745 pesticides towards <i>Daphnia magna</i>. The optimal QSTR model (RF Model I) based on the RF parameters of <i>ntree</i> = 50, <i>mtry</i> = 3 and <i>nodesize</i> = 5, yielded <i>R</i>² = 0.877, <i>MAE</i> = 0.570, <i>rms</i> = 0.739 (training set of 596 p<i>EC</i>₅₀), <i>R</i>² = 0.807, <i>MAE</i> = 0.732, <i>rms</i> = 0.902 (test set of 149 pEC₅₀), and <i>R</i>² = 0.863, <i>MAE</i> = 0.602, <i>rms</i> = 0.774 (total set of 745 p<i>EC</i>₅₀), which are accurate and satisfactory. The optimal RF model is comparable to other published QSTR models for <i>Daphnia magna</i>, although the optimal RF model possessed a small descriptor subset and dealt with a large dataset of pesticide toxicity p<i>EC</i>₅₀. Thus, the investigation in this work provides a reliable, applicable QSTR model for predicting the toxicity p<i>EC</i>₅₀ of pesticides towards <i>Daphnia magna</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}