Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into biological, immunological, biochemical and ultra-histopathological perturbations as biomarkers to Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl ester pollution in freshwater snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina.","authors":"Amina M Ibrahim, Chuanyi Wang, Ebtesam Al-Olayan, Heba Abdel-Tawab","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02871-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02871-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are good invertebrate models for evaluating the chemical toxicity in freshwater habitats. Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptylester (FPMH) is a broad-spectrum herbicide that can find its way to watercourses through effluent. The present work aims to use B. alexandrina as a bio-model to evaluate the toxic effects of FPMH. The present results showed that FPMH has LC₅₀ of 20.7 mg/L after 24 h of semi-static exposure against B. alexandrina snails. After exposure to the sublethal concentrations of FPMH (LC₁₀ and LC₂₅), there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in survival, reproductive rates and fecundity of adult B. alexandrina snails. Also, there were immunotoxic effects reflected in a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the total hemocyte count, an increase in the phagocytic index, the percentage of phagocytic hemocytes by flow cytometry and some morphological alterations in the hemocytes. Where hyalinocytes showed abnormalities to in their outer membrane, other cells had degraded or shrunk nuclei according to nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio. Granulocytes formed pseudopodia and the number of granules increased. These concentrations resulted in significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05; 0.01) in SOD, CAT, Alkaline phosphatase, protein and GSH levels, while increasing GST levels, IL-2 and caspase-3 activity compared to the control group. Also, digestive gland ultrastructural damage occurred after exposure of B. alexandrina snail. Therefore, the study revealed significant adverse effects of FPMH on B. alexandrina snails, highlighted the potential ecological risks of FPMH pollution in freshwater habitats, and demonstrated the use of B. alexandrina as a bioindicator of FPMH pollution in the aquatic ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1020-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular and individual toxicity of diflubenzuron for the chronic exposure in Daphnia magna: focus on oxidative stress, chitin content, and reproductive outcomes.","authors":"Gunay Karimova, Joorim Na, Gersan An, Hanseong Kim, Rovshan Abbasov, Jinho Jung","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02897-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02897-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diflubenzuron (DFB) is important to study due to its widespread use in agriculture and vector control. These harmful chemicals can persist at trace concentrations in aquatic systems for extended periods, potentially exerting adverse effects on aquatic life. This research investigated the toxic effects of DFB on the water flea (Daphnia magna) at environmental concentrations during a chronic exposure period of 21-days. D. magna is a key indicator species in freshwater ecosystems and plays a vital role in the aquatic food web. The EC₅₀ value was found to be 51.76 ng L^-1, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 45.65-58.70 ng L^-1. The survival rate of D. magna was 12.5% at a DFB concentration of 10 ng L^-1 during the chronic exposure period, which was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the increased DFB concentration significantly reduced the fecundity of D. magna. In detail, the total of reproduction was significantly decreased according to increasing DFB concentration, while an increase in undeveloped embryos and male offspring was increased (p < 0.05). Ultimately, the number of normal offspring capable of reproduction decreased, and the growth of organisms showed a concentration-dependent decline. Exposure to DFB induced a notable increase in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as lipid peroxidation in daphnids, suggesting an activation of the antioxidant system and cellular damage in organisms. Furthermore, chitin content increased in response to DFB exposure, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism to strengthen the exoskeleton. These findings underscore the adverse effects of DFB on D. magna reproduction, growth, and overall physiological health, even at environmentally relevant concentrations. This research indicates the necessity of investigating the ecotoxicological risk of DFB contamination in aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1068-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconcentration and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in embryonic stages of the ecologically and commercially relevant Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model system.","authors":"Kiflom Gebreab, Ariel Lawson, Giancarlos Garcia, Jessica Fox, Daniel Benetti, John D Stieglitz, Natalia Soares Quinete, John P Berry","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02891-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02891-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats, and there are emerging concerns that these chemicals may pose risks to organisms in these ecosystems. The present study investigated bioconcentration and toxicity of PFAS including the \"legacy\" congener, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and seven long- and short-chain perfluoroether carboxylic acids (PFECA) in embryonic stages of both zebrafish (Danio rerio), as an established laboratory model, and Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), as a relevant marine fish species. Bioconcentration factors were determined for both species with BCF values ranging from 22 to 1741 L kg^-1. At high exposure concentrations (i.e., 1 mg L^-1), BCF values were significantly higher for zebrafish compared to flounder. Notably, however, PFAS were also measured in untreated media used for both species, and at these lower concentrations (0.2 to 29 ng L^-1 and 0.4 to 9 ng L^-1, respectively) approaching environmentally relevant levels, calculated BCF values were significantly higher for flounder (215-1741 L kg^-1) compared to zebrafish (120-327 L kg^-1) embryos. At low exposure concentration (i.e., 1 µg L^-1), as well as in exposure to control media, BCF values were significantly correlated with chain length and octanol/water partition coefficients (i.e., log K_OW), suggesting a role of relative lipophilicity in uptake in both species. Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀), and corresponding critical body residues (CBR), in the zebrafish embryo model, ranged from 0.05 to 50 mg L^-1, and 0.005 to 25 µmol g^-1, respectively, and significantly correlated with PFAS chain length. However, while acute toxicity for PFOA was similar between zebrafish and flounder (20 and 21 mg L^-1, respectively), no significant acute toxicity was observed for flounder embryos, over the same concentration range, and corresponding CBR values were, thus, significantly higher, for all PFECA. These findings suggest differences in both uptake and relative toxicity of PFAS in these two species. Phylogenetic differences with respect to molecular targets, as well as physicochemical factors (i.e., freshwater versus saltwater), in relation to uptake and toxicity, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"973-987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking the sub-lethal chronic aquatic toxicity of an emerging biosurfactant (Sophorolipid) to a traditional amine oxide surfactant in a freshwater fish-pathogen system.","authors":"N Masud, C Cosgrove, J Cable","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02887-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02887-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surfactants, a broad category of amphiphilic compounds, are one of the largest categories of emerging contaminants within freshwaters, many of which have known aquatic toxicity profiles. This, together with a global push towards a greener economy that prioritises less carbon intensive methods of chemical production, has led to a rise in biosurfactants entering the market. However, their toxicity requires further assessment and benchmarking against traditional synthetic surfactants. This study benchmarks the sub-lethal chronic (31-day exposure) aquatic toxicity of an emerging biosurfactant, sophorolipid, the by-product of yeast (Candida bombicola) metabolism against a traditional surfactant, an amine oxide, widely used in household and industrial cleaning products at low concentrations of 0.2 and 0.7 mg L^-1 found in environmental settings. Utilising an established freshwater fish host-pathogen system (Poecilia reticulata-Gyrodactylus turnbulli), we assessed how these two surfactants impact fish feeding behaviour, disease susceptibility and survival. Both surfactants caused some significant reduction in disease burdens, with the synthetic amine oxide having a greater anti-pathogen effect than the sophorolipid. However, no sub-lethal effects of either surfactant were observed on feeding behaviour or survival of the fish, and pathogen infection was a much greater stressor to the fish in inhibiting feeding and survival overall. This study therefore indicates that chronic exposure of synthetic amine oxide and biobased sophorolipids does not cause sub-lethal effects at low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1144-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness cost and molecular basis of imidacloprid resistance in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in India.","authors":"D Dhyan Chowdary, Y Sridhar, G Ramachandra Rao, N Anusha, S M Rahman, B Sravanthi, S K Mangrauthia, G K Srividya","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02894-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02894-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to assess the fitness cost associated with imidacloprid resistance and expression of cytochrome P450 genes in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). After continuous selection with imidacloprid exposure over 10 generations in a glass house, N. lugens developed a 12.84-fold resistance. The demographic and life history parameters of imidacloprid resistant (IMI-R) and susceptible (IMI-S) strains of N. lugens were compared by age-stage, two-sex life table approach. The duration of egg, third instar, fifth instar, pre-adult and total pre-oviposition period were significantly prolonged in IMI-R strain. However, the fecundity of IMI-R strain (194.59) was significantly lower as compared to IMI-S strain (224.05). There was no significant effect on the duration of other nymphal instars and adult longevity. Whereas the intrinsic rate of increase and doubling time differed significantly in the IMI-R and IMI-S strains, the relative fitness of IMI-R strain was 0.74, clearly indicating a trade-off between imidacloprid resistance and fitness in N. lugens. In IMI-R strain, two P450 genes CYP6ER1 and CYP6AY1 were significantly upregulated by 5.85 and 3.35-fold, respectively compared to the IMI-S strain. Our results conclude that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens has significant fitness cost due to prolonged developmental stages, reduced fecundity, altered demographic parameters and upregulation of P450 genes. Lower fitness of imidacloprid resistant strains has direct implication in management of N. lugens in rice ecosystems, as any withdrawal of exposure could potentially recover susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"988-998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of age-related dietary changes on mercury accumulation in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a large mesotrophic lake in the taiga zone (Northwestern Russia).","authors":"Elena S Ivanova, Yuri G Udodenko, Nikolay Yu Tropin, Mikhail Ya Borisov, Olga Yu Rumiantseva, Daria E Bazhenova, Victor T Komov","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02886-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02886-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a fish species that can be a planktivorous, benthivorous and carnivorous at different life stages. Using the example of the perch population from White Lake (Northwest Russia) the connection between ontogenetic change of diet and mercury accumulation in fish muscle tissue is shown. Analysis of the gut contents of 223 perch indicated that the main food item of perch aged 4-6+ years is the lake form of European smelt (80-100%). Also, the lowest THg concentrations were observed in perch aged 4-5+ and 6+ years - 160 ± 47 and 172 ± 51 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. Starting from age 6+ pikeperch and ruff appear in the diet of perch. In fish aged 9+ the proportion of lake smelt in the diet is 25-33%, and the mercury content in muscles is 447 ± 44 and 462 ± 109 ng/g (wet weight) in individuals aged 9+ and 10-12+ years, respectively. An increased proportion of pikeperch and ruff in the diet, whose average mercury content is 2.5 times higher than that of smelt, lead to increased mercury concentrations in perch muscle. There was also a statistically significant linear regression between mercury content and δ¹⁵N in perch older than 7+ years (p = 0.002; r² = 0.38) and no correlation between mercury content and δ¹³C in fish of different ages. Concentrations exceeding the U.S. EPA recommended values (330 ng/g ww) were found in perch aged 9+ years and older, with body length greater than 25 cm. Therefore, the local people should not consume perch with body length greater than 25 cm from White Lake. Further measurements are needed to determine the mercury concentration in perch in nearby lakes and their suitability for human consumption. It is recommended that a similar study be conducted in a number of reservoirs within the study region in order to determine the factors influencing the intensive accumulation of mercury in fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CuSO₄ and CuO nanoparticles on fish gut motility in Altantic salmon, Salmo salar.","authors":"Alice Facques, Richard D Handy","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02890-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02890-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innovation with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing, but their effects on the gastrointestinal physiology of fishes is poorly understood. This study explored the effects of CuSO₄ and CuO NPs (primary size; 10-20 nm) on gut motility of Salmo salar (Atlantic Salmon), using an isolated gut preparation to record the frequency and amplitude of contractions. The study design used each gut as its own control, with measurements before, during and after exposure to each substance. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), as expected, showed some particle aggregation of CuO NPs in physiological saline with a hydrodynamic diameter of (mean ± S.E., n = 10) 242 nm ± 42. Exposure to 0.1 mg/L of Cu as CuSO₄ displayed no significant effect on both the frequency and amplitude when compared to controls without Cu, and the CuO NP treatment. The CuO NP treatment displayed a similar effect on contractions when compared to controls, where the frequency and amplitude of contractions remained unchanged. However, a significant decrease in number of contractions between pre- and post-exposure phases in the CuSO₄ treatment was observed. Impaired contractility remained evident in clean saline after exposure to CuSO₄, indicating a continued post-exposure effect. In contrast, guts exposed to CuO NP showed similar numbers of contractions in the exposure and post-exposure phases, indicating no further deterioration. Total Cu concentrations in the tissue as dry weight (dw) were significantly higher in guts exposed to CuO NPs (1060 µg/g dw) than CuSO₄ (24 µg/g dw), but CuSO₄ was more hazardous with respect to gut motility than the nano form.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"948-957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide mixtures reduce the selectivity enhanced by pyrethroid resistance in a predatory lady beetle.","authors":"Maria Raquel Sousa Soares, Natalia Carolina Bermúdez, Rogério Lira, Jorge Braz Torres","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02896-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02896-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecticide mixtures provide various modes of action in a ready-to-use formulation, broadening the range of managed pest species and delaying the development of insecticide resistance. Nonetheless, the insecticides used in the mixture may change the selectivity status for natural enemies obtained when using an individual formulation. Eriopis connexa (Germar), a lady beetle resistant to the broad-spectrum pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin (EcViR), was exposed to insecticides in both individual and mixture formulations. The insecticides λ-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, sulfoxaflor, λ-cyhalothrin+dinotefuran, λ-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam, and λ-chlorantraniliprole+thiamethoxam were tested. Survival of larvae and survival and reproduction of adults were assessed when enclosed with dry insecticide residues obtained at the maximum insecticide recommended rate. Furthermore, concentration-mortality curves were also established for larvae and adults exposed to insecticides with mortality rates exceeding 40%. For 30 days, the number of adults who survived exposure at the larval and adult stages and were still living and reproducing was recorded. The toxicity of the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and dinotefuran present in the mixture prevailed over the physiological selectivity obtained through the resistance to λ-cyhalothrin. The combination index revealed that adding neonicotinoids to λ-cyhalothrin or chlorantraniliprole was very harmful to the lady beetle. On the other hand, the combination of λ-cyhalothrin with chlorantraniliprole or sulfoxaflor allowed EcViR larvae and adults to survive more than 80%. Therefore, incorporating neonicotinoids into the insecticide formulation nullified the physiological selectivity achieved by E. connexa resistance to λ-cyhalothrin, reducing the potential effectiveness of E. connexa in pest management as an augmentative biological control agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1009-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple species toxicity of selected platinum group of elements: focusing on Hydra vulgaris gene expression responses.","authors":"J Auclair, E Roubeau-Dumont, P Turcotte, C Gagnon, F Gagné","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02942-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02942-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aquatic toxicity of the most abundant platinum group of elements (PGE) was investigated using a multispecies test battery, and more specifically in Hydra vulgaris at the morphological and gene expression levels. Bacteria (Aliivibrio fisheri), algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata), Daphnia magna and hydra were exposed to increasing concentrations of the following elements: iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). The data revealed that the hydra and algae were more sensitive than the daphnids and the marine bacteria. In hydra, no lethal toxicity based on irreversible morphological changes was observed, however sublethal effects were noticed (tentacle budding, budding) with an EC20 at 10 µg/L for Ir, and Pd, Pt and Ru, EC20s at 20 µg/L. Rh produced no significant sublethal morphological changes. All tested PGE produced significant gene expression changes in pathways involved in protein turnover and degradation (ubiquitin and autophagy). Pd influenced genes at threshold concentrations reaching to <0.3 µg/L for protein turnover and degradation, oxidative stress, DNA repair and regeneration of 8-oxoguanosine, as well as for stem factor pathways. Rh, which was not (sub)lethally toxic based on morphology, influenced DNA repair of oxidized DNA and protein turnover pathways. In conclusion, PGE has the potential to alter protein turnover and induce oxidative DNA damage at environmentally relevant concentrations for receiving waters near wastewater discharges in urban area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diuron-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Clarias gariepinus: Biochemical and histopathological assessment.","authors":"Andem Bassey Andem, Akaninyene Paul Joseph, Sylvanus Ekpe Ebari, George Eni, Edet Effiong Asanga","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02931-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02931-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased usage of diuron in agriculture has non-target harmful impacts on aquatic life. Diuron toxicity causes endocrine disruption in the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal diuron concentrations (0.00, 0.09, 0.17, 0.26, and 0.35 mg/L) for 28 days, and biochemical molecules (total protein, glucose, and cholesterol), biochemical enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase: AST and alanine aminotransferase: ALT), and histopathological sections of the kidney and liver were examined. The results demonstrated that increased diuron concentrations and exposure durations raised levels of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, AST, and ALT, indicating a dose-dependent toxicological impact on metabolic processes. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that cholesterol plays an important role in regulating the enzymatic response to diuron toxicity, although, to a lesser extent, glucose and protein also contributed to physiological adaptations and stress responses in C. gariepinus. Histological examination revealed severe alterations in the liver and kidneys, indicating cellular destruction and loss of structural integrity. This study highlights the importance of constant monitoring of aquatic ecosystems for diuron contamination and the potential ecological risks it poses to fish health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}