Mercury levels in two freshwater fishes from Panama's two largest lakes.

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Marisol P Valverde, Diana M T Sharpe, David G Buck, Mark E Torchin, Lauren J Chapman
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Abstract

Mercury contamination is a global concern, yet addressing it in developing nations is particularly challenging given the scarcity of data. In 2015, along with many other countries, Panama ratified the Minamata Convention on Mercury- a global effort to tackle mercury contamination and mitigate the risks it poses to humans and the environment. However, there are currently no published data from Panama on mercury contamination in freshwater fishes nor its associated health risks to humans from fish consumption. Here, we quantify for the first time the total mercury (THg) concentrations in two predatory fish species in Panama's two largest lakes: Lake Gatun and Lake Bayano. Within Lake Gatun, the native predator Hoplias microlepis ("pejeperro") had significantly higher predicted mercury concentrations (341.77 ng/g wet weight for a fish of 25 cm in standard length) than the introduced Cichla monoculus ("sargento" or "peacock bass") (196.98 ng/g), and mercury concentrations increased with fish size for both species. H. microlepis from Lake Gatun also had significantly higher predicted THg concentrations than H. microlepis from Lake Bayano (168.37 ng/g). Mercury concentrations at the aquatic food web baseline did not differ between lakes, as shown by the primary consumer snails Pomacea sp. Additionally, using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N), we found that mercury concentrations increased with trophic position in both lakes (resulting in positive and significant Trophic Magnification Slopes), suggesting mercury biomagnification. Based on these findings, we provide fish consumption guidelines for both lakes, using the U.S. EPA current reference dose for mercury exposure. These results provide critical data for Panama as it works towards meeting the objectives set under the Minamata Convention.

巴拿马两个最大湖泊中两种淡水鱼的汞含量。
汞污染是一个全球关注的问题,但由于缺乏数据,在发展中国家解决这一问题尤其具有挑战性。2015年,巴拿马与许多其他国家一道批准了《关于汞的水俣公约》,这是一项全球性努力,旨在解决汞污染问题,减轻汞对人类和环境构成的风险。然而,巴拿马目前没有关于淡水鱼中汞污染的公开数据,也没有关于食用鱼类对人类健康的相关风险的公开数据。在这里,我们首次量化了巴拿马两个最大湖泊:加通湖和巴亚诺湖中两种掠食性鱼类的总汞(THg)浓度。在加通湖(Lake Gatun)内,本地捕食者Hoplias microlepis(“pejeperro”)的预测汞浓度显著高于引进的Cichla monoculus(“sargento”或“peacock bass”)(196.98 ng/g)(标准长度为25 cm的鱼的湿重341.77 ng/g),并且汞浓度随鱼的大小而增加。来自加通湖的小螺旋藻预测THg浓度也显著高于巴亚诺湖的小螺旋藻(168.37 ng/g)。水生食物网基线的汞浓度在湖泊之间没有差异,主要消费蜗牛Pomacea sp.表明。此外,利用氮的稳定同位素(δ15N),我们发现两个湖泊的汞浓度随着营养位置的增加而增加(导致正的和显著的营养放大斜率),表明汞生物放大。基于这些发现,我们使用美国环保署目前汞暴露的参考剂量,为这两个湖泊提供了鱼类消费指南。这些结果为巴拿马努力实现《水俣公约》规定的目标提供了关键数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology 环境科学-毒理学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
107
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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