Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics最新文献_第10页

Development and verification of real-time hybrid simulation with deep learning-based nonlinear numerical substructure 基于深度学习的非线性数值子结构实时混合模拟的开发与验证

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4107

Pei-Ching Chen, Shang-Chi Hsu, Chung-Chun Ma

{"title":"Development and verification of real-time hybrid simulation with deep learning-based nonlinear numerical substructure","authors":"Pei-Ching Chen, Shang-Chi Hsu, Chung-Chun Ma","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4107","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) provides an effective approach for assessing structural responses under dynamic excitation. However, performing RTHS with a complex nonlinear numerical substructure is challenging, as computations must be completed within predefined time steps. In this study, a RTHS framework which contains a rate-dependent experimental substructure and a nonlinear numerical substructure has been proposed and verified. An OpenSees model was constructed to simulate a three-story, one-bay steel building with viscous dampers at each floor and was used to generate the training dataset through a large number of nonlinear time-history analyses. A Recursive Long Short–Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model was trained to predict the nonlinear structural responses using ground acceleration and time-delayed damper force located at the first story. Hence, the Recursive-LSTM model served as a surrogate model for the numerical substructure, implicitly incorporating delay compensation for the experimental substructure. After the training was completed, offline testing was performed to realize the stability of the RTHS framework. Then, online RTHS with a virtual damper taken as the experimental substructure was conducted to further confirm the feasibility and accuracy. Afterwards, a nonlinear rotary fluid viscous damper (RFVD) was fabricated as the actual experimental substructure, whose dynamic response was not considered in training the Recursive-LSTM model. Finally, RTHS with the RFVD was completed successfully and stably, demonstrating the capability of a well-trained Recursive-LSTM model to serve as a nonlinear numerical substructure incorporating constant delay compensation for RTHS. The potential of the proposed RTHS framework is worth further studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Damage assessment of unreinforced masonry buildings incorporating damage accumulation 包含损害累积的非加固砌体建筑损害评估

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4106

Pablo García de Quevedo Inarritu, Mohsen Kohrangi, Paolo Bazzurro

{"title":"Damage assessment of unreinforced masonry buildings incorporating damage accumulation","authors":"Pablo García de Quevedo Inarritu, Mohsen Kohrangi, Paolo Bazzurro","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4106","url":null,"abstract":"Recent earthquakes have shown susceptibility of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings to damage accumulation in seismic sequences or long duration ground motions. Current structural modelling approaches commonly disregard the damage accumulation in URM buildings or they are unable to accurately capture this phenomenon unless sophisticated FEM models are employed. Such models are not feasible in risk-based applications given the required large number of dynamic analyses needed to develop robust fragility and vulnerability curves. On the other hand, the common displacement-based engineering demand parameters (EDP), such as inter-story drift ratio, fail to capture the impact of damage accumulation in simpler, more manageable models. An alternative is to use advanced damage indices that are capable of monitoring the monotonic accumulation of damages. This study proposes a displacement- and energy-based damage index that uses, as the basis, the Park and Ang damage index, modified and calibrated through experimental data of individual URM elements. Our calibration procedure maps the physical observed damage states to the hysteretic response of the elements. Consequently, damage on the individual elements is aggregated to define a global damage state at building level. Validation is carried out based on an equivalent frame model of a building tested on a shake table. Additionally, the model is subjected to multiple ground motions of seismic sequences and to long-duration ground motions to evaluate the performance of the proposed damage index. In comparison with displacement-based damage measures, the proposed damage index shows a superior ability to capture cumulative damage, even when simplified models are employed.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simplified state-dependent seismic fragility assessment 简化的随状态变化的地震脆性评估

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4105

Mabel Orlacchio, Georgios Baltzopoulos, Iunio Iervolino

{"title":"Simplified state-dependent seismic fragility assessment","authors":"Mabel Orlacchio, Georgios Baltzopoulos, Iunio Iervolino","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4105","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes are clustered in time and space; therefore, structures may be subjected to multiple consecutive instances of potentially damaging shaking, with insufficient in-between time for repair operations to take place. Methodologies to evaluate the risk dynamics in this situation require vulnerability models that are able to capture the transitions between damage states, from the intact conditions to failure, due to multiple damaging earthquakes, that is, state-dependent fragility curves. One of the state-of-the-art methods for the assessment of structure-specific state-dependent fragility curves relies on a variant of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), which is often termed back-to-back or B2B-IDA. The computational costs typically involved in B2B-IDA motivate attempts to simplify the evaluation of state-dependent fragility curves. This paper presents a simplified method for multi-story moment-resisting frame structures, based on pushover analysis in conjunction with a predictive model for the main features of a damaged structural system, such as residual deformations and loss of stiffness and/or strength. The predictive model enables the probabilistic definition of the post-earthquake pushover curve of a damaged structural system, given the displacement demand imposed by a preceding damaging shock. The state-dependent fragility curves are then evaluated via IDA of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators based on these pushover curves. Illustrative applications validate the ability of the proposed methodology to provide state-dependent fragilities with reduced computational costs compared to the back-to-back IDA method.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-scale hybrid test of a curved bridge considering complete boundary condition by a large spatial loading system 通过大型空间加载系统对考虑完整边界条件的曲面桥梁进行大规模混合试验

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4101

Yingpeng Tian, Jie Chen, Chunbo Du, Dan Xu, Huimeng Zhou, Zhiguo Sun, Quanwang Li, Dongsheng Wang, Tao Wang

{"title":"Large-scale hybrid test of a curved bridge considering complete boundary condition by a large spatial loading system","authors":"Yingpeng Tian, Jie Chen, Chunbo Du, Dan Xu, Huimeng Zhou, Zhiguo Sun, Quanwang Li, Dongsheng Wang, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4101","url":null,"abstract":"Small-radius curved bridges are mostly used for overpass ramps, that are spatially irregular and usually have very complex seismic behavior. It is not easy to reproduce such behavior because of the need for large-scale shaking tables. The hybrid test is one of the most effective approaches for solving this problem by considering the structural elements of interest as physically tested substructure while the rest is numerically simulated. In this paper, a hybrid test system was first developed based on the OpenFresco framework, where one of the piers was considered as the tested substructure, and the rest was simulated by OpenSees. A novel spatial loading device (SLD), configured as the Stewart pattern, was then developed to achieve the boundary conditions between substructures. The control schemes to perform the force-displacement mixed control, conduct the geometric transformation while considering the load point offset, and achieve an external displacement control were proposed and validated through several rounds of hybrid testing. The experimental results indicate that the experimental system including loading control subsystem and hybrid control subsystem can realize the loading command accurately.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive unscented Kalman filter methods for identifying time-variant parameters via state covariance re-updating 通过状态协方差再更新识别时变参数的自适应无特征卡尔曼滤波方法

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4104

Yanzhe Zhang, Yong Ding, Jianqing Bu, Lina Guo

{"title":"Adaptive unscented Kalman filter methods for identifying time-variant parameters via state covariance re-updating","authors":"Yanzhe Zhang, Yong Ding, Jianqing Bu, Lina Guo","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4104","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional parameter identification process generally assumes that parameters remain constant. However, under extreme loading conditions, structures may exhibit nonlinear behavior, and parameters could demonstrate time-variant characteristics. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF), as an efficient online recursive estimator, is widely used for identifying parameters of nonlinear systems. Nevertheless, it exhibits limitations when attempting to identify time-variant parameters. To address this issue, this paper proposes a covariance matching technique that produces an array of adaptive UKF algorithms. Firstly, the sensitivity parameter η is defined to identify the instant when the parameter change occurs, and its threshold is calculated based on the sensitivity parameter time history curve. Secondly, an adaptive forgetting factor is introduced to simultaneously update the innovation, cross, and state covariance matrices when the kth-step sensitive parameter surpasses the threshold. Finally, a secondary correction forgetting factor (SCFF) is employed to further re-update the state covariance values at the identified damage locations. This creative step enhances the adaptive capability and optimizes the identification accuracy of the proposed algorithms. Both the numerical simulations and shaking table test demonstrate that the proposed adaptive algorithms can efficiently identify the time-variant stiffness-type parameters, and accurately capture their time-variant characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139987804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability of soil-type index for shear wave velocity-based liquefaction assessment 基于剪切波速的液化评估中土壤类型指数的适用性

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4102

Nurhan Ecemis, Mehmet Murat Monkul, Murat Orucu

{"title":"Applicability of soil-type index for shear wave velocity-based liquefaction assessment","authors":"Nurhan Ecemis, Mehmet Murat Monkul, Murat Orucu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4102","url":null,"abstract":"The current simplified liquefaction assessment method based on the shear-wave velocity, Vs has uncertainties about how the fine contents change the Vs-based liquefaction resistance. According to the simplified method, for a given Vs, the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) increases with an increase in fine contents. However, field investigations recently revealed that for various silty sands, the correlation between CRR and Vs is soil-type index dependent and not specific for all sand-silt mixtures with the same fine contents. Therefore, a detailed experimental research program is performed in this study to clarify the effect of the soil-type index on the shear wave velocity and CRR correlation. In the first part of the present study, the cyclic resistance of sand mixed with non-plastic (NP) fines (dry weight of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 35%) was investigated using cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. Seismic cone penetration (SCPT) tests were performed inside the large-scale box to facilitate normalized cone penetration resistance (qc1N) and shear wave velocity measurements on the soils used in the CDSS tests. A new correlation was proposed between the qc1N and normalized shear wave velocity (Vs1) using the soil-type index Ic representing the behavior of soil. Then, CRR-Vs1 correlation was obtained experimentally for four distinct ranges of soil-type index. Finally, the results of this study and the proposed CRR-Vs1 trends in other investigations were used to discuss the soil-type dependent Vs-based liquefaction susceptibility zones.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Importance of higher modes for dynamic soil structure interaction of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines 单桩支撑海上风力涡轮机的动态土壤结构相互作用的高阶模式的重要性

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4095

Upendra Kumar Sah, Jun Yang

{"title":"Importance of higher modes for dynamic soil structure interaction of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines","authors":"Upendra Kumar Sah, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4095","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) have emerged as one of the most sustainable and renewable sources of energy. The size of OWTs has been increasing, which creates more challenges in the design of foundations due to the potential higher-mode effects involved in the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) response. Several foundation modeling techniques are available for calculating the OWT fundamental frequency; however, their capability to predict the higher modes by considering real geometric configurations is unclear. The main aim of this study is to perform a rigorous modal analysis of the NREL 5MW reference OWT to investigate the higher mode effects using the 3D finite element method. A detailed parametric analysis is also performed to study the effects of soil inhomogeneity, initial soil modulus, and the monopile dimensions (diameter, thickness, and embedded pile depth) on higher modes' natural frequencies and effective mass participation ratios. The study shows that dynamic soil-structure interaction has a significant role in modal response and the simplified foundation models are not accurate enough. Given the significant contribution from higher modes, they should not be simply ignored in the OWT design, particularly in earthquake-prone zones.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139977491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiment and numerical simulation on the performance of multiple unidirectional single-particle dampers under seismic excitation 地震激励下多个单向单颗粒阻尼器性能的实验和数值模拟

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4103

Bao-shun Wang, Jian-yang Xue, Jing-hui Wei, Kang Liu, Rui Zhou

{"title":"Experiment and numerical simulation on the performance of multiple unidirectional single-particle dampers under seismic excitation","authors":"Bao-shun Wang, Jian-yang Xue, Jing-hui Wei, Kang Liu, Rui Zhou","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4103","url":null,"abstract":"This study designed and manufactured a 1/5-scale model of a three-story steel frame structure. Various types of ground motions, including non-long period (NLP) ground motions, near-fault pulse type (NFPT) ground motions, and non-pulse long-period (NPLP) ground motions, were selected following the site conditions of the structure. The multiple unidirectional single-particle damper (MUSPD) and its layout schemes were then designed. A series of shaking table tests for the three-story steel frame with and without MUSPD were performed. Subsequently, a mechanical model of the multi-degree-of-freedom structure with MUSPDs was established, and a corresponding numerical simulation method was proposed. The results revealed that MUSPDs achieved an average damping rate of 18.24% for peak and 27.41% for Root Mean Square (RMS). Notably, MUSPD exhibited a superior damping effect on the RMS of the structure compared to the peak. The distributing floor particle mass according to the first-order mode of the structure resulted in excellent damping performance. Additionally, determining the particle movement distance for each floor involved calculating the optimal distance using a single-degree-of-freedom structure. MUSPDs exhibited a better damping effect under NLP ground motions compared to NFPT and NPLP ground motions. The shaking table test results confirmed the rationality and feasibility of the proposed numerical simulation method, demonstrating a high level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139927480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An advanced rate-dependent analytical model of lead rubber bearing 铅橡胶支座随速率变化的高级分析模型

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4100

Vahid Aghaeidoost, A. H. M. Muntasir Billah

{"title":"An advanced rate-dependent analytical model of lead rubber bearing","authors":"Vahid Aghaeidoost, A. H. M. Muntasir Billah","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4100","url":null,"abstract":"Lead rubber bearings (LRBs) are a type of isolation bearing that have a combination of rubber and lead as the main components. These bearings are widely used in bridges, buildings, and other important structures due to their high load-carrying capacity and excellent energy dissipation capability. However, the behavior of LRBs is complex and nonlinear, making it difficult to predict their behavior and performance under different loading conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive analytical model of LRBs that can accurately predict their behavior under low to large levels of strain. The proposed model considers nonlinearity, hysteresis, stiffness, damping, and rate-dependent behavior of LRBs. The model is also able to consider the effect of temperature on the rubber and lead components of the bearing. The developed model is validated using experimental results and is shown to provide accurate predictions of the LRB response under different strain levels. The accuracy of the developed LRB model is also validated using shake table test results of an LRB-isolated bridge under low and large strain. This research provides a valuable tool for engineers and designers to predict the behavior and performance of LRBs and optimize their design.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel performance-based seismic reinforcement method for the dry masonry retaining wall located in an urban residential area 针对城市住宅区干砌石挡土墙的基于性能的新型抗震加固方法

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4099

Kazuya Sano, Anurag Sahare, Kazuya Itoh, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Naoaki Suemasa, Takeharu Konami, Shingo Taniyama

{"title":"Novel performance-based seismic reinforcement method for the dry masonry retaining wall located in an urban residential area","authors":"Kazuya Sano, Anurag Sahare, Kazuya Itoh, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Naoaki Suemasa, Takeharu Konami, Shingo Taniyama","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eqe.4099","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, recently there has been an increase in the failure of dry masonry retaining walls located in an urban residential area due to strong earthquakes. However, currently there are no established optimal seismic reinforcement methods for such dry masonry retaining walls due to issues related to workability and construction cost. This paper presents a novel reinforcement method wherein the tilting reinforcement bars were installed from top of the retaining wall whose individual blocks were integrated. A detailed investigation and discussion on the mechanical behavior of a dry masonry retaining wall is made by comparing the results among different experimental cases which had different seismic reinforcement treatment with the help of tilting table experiments conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge. The results highlighted that the proposed method, the application of tilting reinforcement bars together with the integration of individual wall blocks, led to the best seismic resilient performance of the retaining wall with the least measured soil deformations and soil strains at the backfill. Among all the tested cases, the proposed method resulted in the least mobilization of axial force and bending moment at the top of reinforcement bars which may result in the overall reduction of the construction cost (i.e., by reducing the number of reinforcement bars) aiming toward a performance-based design. Lastly, an analytical evaluation of the factor of safety (FOS) against collapse as per the Mononobe-Okabe theory was made which was found to be in excellent agreement with the centrifuge experiments revealing the proposed method to perform best among all the cases.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0