Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Morphological complexity promotes origination and extinction rates in ammonoids.","authors":"Luyi Miao, Xiaokang Liu, Arnaud Brayard, Dieter Korn, Xu Dai, Haijun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The causes of heterogeneity in evolutionary rates are a key question in macroevolution. Origination and extinction rates are closely related to abiotic factors, such as climate¹^,² and geography,³^,⁴ as well as biotic factors such as taxonomic richness⁵^,⁶ and morphology,⁷ which are influenced by phylogeny.⁸^,⁹ Studies on the relationship between morphology and macroevolution have focused on morphological traits, including body size,⁶^,⁷^,⁹ shape,¹⁰ color,¹¹^,¹² and complexity,¹³^,¹⁴^,¹⁵ and have proposed biological laws, such as the zero-force evolutionary law¹⁶ and Cope's rule.¹⁷ However, the relationship between morphological complexity and turnover rates remains poorly defined because of the lack of suitable measures for various subjects.¹⁸^,¹⁹ Here, we establish a quantitative method, the two-dimensional ornamentation index (2D-OI), which allows the description of the ornamental complexity of ammonoids. Ammonoids are one of the most abundant and well-studied fossil groups, with complex conch structures.²⁰ Ammonoids display some similarities with trilobites and mammals²¹^,²² in terms of their high evolutionary rates; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Moreover, ammonoids exhibit marked heterogeneity in turnover rates across spatiotemporal scales²³ and clades,²³^,²⁴ making them key clades for investigating the relationship between turnover rates and morphological complexity. The results show that morphologically complex genera and species often have higher origination and extinction rates than morphologically simple taxa. Diversity fluctuations of taxa with complex ornamentation generally overimprint and control the overall net diversification rates of ammonoids. This double-edged sword of rapid evolution and increased extinction risk driven by complex morphologies has significant implications for our understanding of how species survive over geological timescales.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5587-5594.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral neuroscience: Flexible integration on the fly.","authors":"Katrin Vogt","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating noisy stimuli over time is crucial to making appropriate decisions. New studies in Drosophila revealed that threat responses can be flexibly modulated during courtship and mating. Towards the end of mating, flies adaptively prolong their threat integration time window.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 23","pages":"R1175-R1177"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.","authors":"Michael Krashes","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Michael Krashes discusses glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, their physiological role in glucose metabolism and the mode of action of their agonists that are used to treat obesity and were later shown to promote weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 23","pages":"R1163-R1164"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict during learning reconfigures the neural representation of positive valence and approach behavior.","authors":"Laura Molina-García, Susana Colinas-Fischer, Sergio Benavides-Laconcha, Lucy Lin, Emma Clark, Neythen J Treloar, Blanca García-Minaur-Ortíz, Milly Butts, Chris P Barnes, Arantza Barrios","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Punishing and rewarding experiences can change the valence of sensory stimuli and guide animal behavior in opposite directions, resulting in avoidance or approach. Often, however, a stimulus is encountered with both positive and negative experiences. How is such conflicting information represented in the brain and resolved into a behavioral decision? We address this question by dissecting a circuit for sexual conditioning in C. elegans. In this learning paradigm, an odor is conditioned with both a punishment (starvation) and a reward (mates), resulting in odor approach. We find that negative and positive experiences are both encoded by the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor 1 (PDF-1) being released from, and acting on, different neurons. Each experience creates a distinct memory in the circuit for odor processing. This results in the sensorimotor representation of the odor being different in naive and sexually conditioned animals, despite both displaying approach. Our results reveal that the positive valence of a stimulus is not represented in the activity of any single neuron class but flexibly represented within the circuit according to the experiences and predictions associated with the stimulus.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5470-5483.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance: Leaving sticky notes for the children.","authors":"Chee Kiang Ewe, Oded Rechavi","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is currently unknown to what degree parents' life history can affect the next generation and how such information might be transmitted. A new study finds that nematodes transmit amyloid proteins to their progeny, which influence developmental processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 23","pages":"R1180-R1182"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and evolution of Ir52 receptors in mate detection in Drosophila.","authors":"Yichen Luo, Gaëlle J S Talross, John R Carlson","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying a suitable mating partner is an ancient and critical biological problem. How a fruit fly distinguishes a fly of the same species from flies of innumerable related species remains unclear. We analyze the Ir52 receptors, expressed in taste neurons on the fly legs and encoded by a cluster of genes. We find that the cluster shows dynamic evolution, rapidly expanding and contracting over evolutionary time. We develop a novel in vivo expression system and find that Ir52 receptors respond differently to pheromone extracts of different fly species. The receptors are activated by some compounds and inhibited by others, with different receptors showing distinct response profiles. Circuit mapping shows that Ir52 neurons are pre-synaptic to sexually dimorphic neurons that overlap with neurons acting in courtship behavior. Our results support a model in which Ir52 receptors detect information about the species of a potential mating partner.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5395-5408.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based habitat choice can drive rapid adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation.","authors":"Gabriel Munar-Delgado, Francisco Pulido, Pim Edelaar","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theory predicts that performance-based habitat choice¹^,²^,³-where individuals select environments based on their local performance-should be widespread in nature and significantly influence ecological and evolutionary processes, including local adaptation, population divergence, reproductive isolation, and speciation.²^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,⁷^,⁸^,⁹ However, experimental evidence supporting these predictions has been largely lacking. In this study, we addressed this by inducing performance-based habitat choice in wild tree sparrows (Passer montanus) through the manipulation of differential access to transponder-operated feeders in two adjacent woodland areas. Sparrows overwhelmingly chose to move to and breed in the area where their feeding performance was highest, leading to local adaptation and increased reproductive success. Moreover, this non-random movement led to a high degree of assortative mating for transponder type and to reproductive isolation with respect to this ecological trait-all within a single generation. Our findings provide an empirical proof of principle that performance-based habitat choice can drive adaptive population divergence, even in the absence of divergent natural selection, underscoring its potential role as a key mechanism in ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This highlights the importance of integrating performance-based habitat choice into broader frameworks of adaptation and speciation, especially in the context of rapidly changing environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5564-5569.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for convergence of distributed cortical processing in band-like functional zones in human entorhinal cortex.","authors":"Daniel Reznik, Daniel S Margulies, Menno P Witter, Christian F Doeller","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wide array of cognitive functions associated with the hippocampus is supported through interactions with the cerebral cortex. However, most of the direct cortical input to the hippocampus originates in the entorhinal cortex, forming the hippocampal-entorhinal system. In humans, the role of the entorhinal cortex in mediating hippocampal-cortical interactions remains unknown. In this study, we used precision neuroimaging to examine the distributed cortical anatomy associated with the human hippocampal-entorhinal system. Consistent with animal anatomy, our results associate different subregions of the entorhinal cortex with different parts of the hippocampus long axis. Furthermore, we find that the entorhinal cortex comprises three band-like zones that are associated with functionally distinct cortical networks. Importantly, the entorhinal cortex bands traverse the proposed human homologs of rodent lateral and medial entorhinal cortices. Finally, we show that the entorhinal cortex is a major convergence area of distributed cortical processing and that the topography of cortical networks associated with the anterior medial temporal lobe mirrors the macroscale structure of high-order cortical processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5457-5469.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-hose tool use and showering behavior by Asian elephants.","authors":"Lea Urban, Rolf Becker, Andreas Ochs, Florian Sicks, Michael Brecht, Lena Valentina Kaufmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since Jane Goodall's famous observations of stick tool use by chimpanzees,¹ animal tool use has been observed in numerous species, including many primates, dolphins, and birds. Some animals, such as New Caledonian crows, even craft tools.²^,³ Elephants frequently use tools⁴^,⁵ and also modify them.⁶ We studied water-hose tool use in Asian zoo elephants. Flexibility, extension, and water flow make hoses exceptionally complex tools. Individual elephants differed markedly in their water-hose handling. Female elephant Mary displayed sophisticated hose-showering behaviors. She showed lateralized hose handling, systematically showered her body, and coordinated the trunk-held water hose with limb behaviors. Mary usually grasped the hose behind the tip, using it as a stiff shower head. To reach her back, however, she grasped the hose further from the tip and swung it on her back, using hose flexibility and ballistics. Aggressive interactions between Mary and the younger female elephant, Anchali, ensued around Mary's showering time. At some point, Anchali started pulling the water hose toward herself, lifting and kinking it, then regrasping and compressing the kink. This kink-and-clamp behavior disrupted water flow and was repeated in several sessions as a strict sequence of maneuvers. The efficacy of water flow disruption increased over time. In control experiments with multiple hoses, it was not clear whether Anchali specifically targeted Mary's showering hose. We also observed Anchali pressing down on the water hose, performing an on-hose trunk stand, which also disrupted water flow. We conclude that elephants show sophisticated hose tool use and manipulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5602-5606.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pyritized Ordovician leanchoiliid arthropod.","authors":"Luke A Parry, Derek E G Briggs, Ruixin Ran, Robert J O'Flynn, Huijuan Mai, Elizabeth G Clark, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"short-great-appendage\" arthropods (Megacheira), such as Leanchoilia, have featured heavily in discussions of arthropod evolution, particularly related to the head and its appendages.¹^,²^,³^,⁴ Megacheirans are subject to competing interpretations, either as a clade⁴ or a grade,⁵ in the stem group of Euarthropoda⁶ or, alternatively, Chelicerata.⁴ They are most diverse in Cambrian Burgess-Shale-type deposits, where the family Leanchoiliidae is represented by six genera,⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹^,¹² characterized by the presence of three distal flagella on the great appendage with a presumed sensory function. We describe the first post-Cambrian member of this family, Lomankus edgecombei gen. et sp. nov, from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Beecher's Trilobite Bed site of New York State-the first post-Cambrian megacheiran with the exception of the Silurian and Devonian Enaliktidae. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning reveals the morphology of the short great appendage with elongate flagella, four biramous cephalic limbs, 11 trunk segments with biramous limbs and dorsal tergites, and an elongate telson unique within Leanchoiliidae. The great appendage is also unique: the long endites that bear the flagella in other leanchoiliids are absent (or at least greatly reduced) and each flagellum appears to attach directly to an individual podomere, suggesting a sensory rather than a raptorial function. The remarkable preservation of a well-developed ventral plate (epistome-labrum complex) anterior of the mouth reinforces a deutocerebral origin²^,¹³ of the short great appendages. Lomankus edgecombei unveils the three-dimensional (3D) head morphology of leanchoiliids in unparalleled detail and demonstrates that these iconic fossil arthropods ranged into dysaerobic environments in the Ordovician, where Lomankus occupied a deposit-feeding niche.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5578-5586.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}