Current Biology最新文献_第8页

Positive feedback from woodpeckers on deadwood decomposition via invertebrates. 啄木鸟对通过无脊椎动物分解腐木的积极反馈。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.041

Bin Tuo, Li Lin, Reinier S van Rantwijk, Richard S P van Logtestijn, Leo Goudzwaard, Kamiel Scheffers, Matty P Berg, Mariet M Hefting, Ute Sass-Klaassen, Juan Zuo, Chao Guo, Johannes H C Cornelissen

{"title":"Positive feedback from woodpeckers on deadwood decomposition via invertebrates.","authors":"Bin Tuo, Li Lin, Reinier S van Rantwijk, Richard S P van Logtestijn, Leo Goudzwaard, Kamiel Scheffers, Matty P Berg, Mariet M Hefting, Ute Sass-Klaassen, Juan Zuo, Chao Guo, Johannes H C Cornelissen","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.041","url":null,"abstract":"Plant matter decomposition is a linchpin of global carbon cycling,1,2 yet the role of vertebrates remains poorly understood.3 Woodpeckers are ubiquitous vertebrate inhabitants of forests, where they hack into deadwood to forage for small animals. Our study in a temperate forest revealed not only how this behavior significantly impacts deadwood decomposition through mechanical breakdown but also how its species specificity leads to positive feedback on decomposition rates. Investigating large logs from six conifer species over 6 years in a tree cemetery, we found that woodpeckers accelerated decomposition (both mass and volume losses) selectively in softer, more decomposable deadwood like that of Norway spruce (Picea abies), which hosted abundant wood-boring beetle larvae relative to the abundances in other tree species. This selectivity triggers a positive feedback loop: bottom-up drivers (low wood density and high water-holding capacity) foster abundant invertebrate prey, promoting top-down woodpecker foraging that fragments logs and exposes inner tissues to microbial decay. Positioning woodpeckers as a potential keystone wood decay agent, our study supports the growing call for integrating vertebrate contributions into global carbon cycling models.4 As the first study to elucidate the complex interactions between deadwood traits, invertebrate populations, and woodpecker activities, we aim to galvanize further research into their often-overlooked functional role as deadwood fragmenters. The conservation implications of these findings are profound, especially in light of the historical context where vertebrates that once performed key ecological functions are now endangered or extinct due to widespread anthropogenic activities.5,6,7,8,9.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2732-2739.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides insights into the genetic basis of green peach aphid resistance in peach. 单倍型解析基因组组装为桃抗蚜的遗传基础提供了新的见解。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.059

Haixiang Yu, Jian Guo, Xuelian Wu, Jiahui Liang, Shihao Fan, Hao Du, Shilong Zhao, Zhaoyang Li, Guangyuan Liu, Yuansong Xiao, Jingjing Luo, Yangyang Gao, Qiuju Chen, Huaifeng Gao, Futian Peng

{"title":"Haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides insights into the genetic basis of green peach aphid resistance in peach.","authors":"Haixiang Yu, Jian Guo, Xuelian Wu, Jiahui Liang, Shihao Fan, Hao Du, Shilong Zhao, Zhaoyang Li, Guangyuan Liu, Yuansong Xiao, Jingjing Luo, Yangyang Gao, Qiuju Chen, Huaifeng Gao, Futian Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.059","url":null,"abstract":"Green peach aphid (GPA) is one of the most destructive pests of peach, threatening both growth and fruit quality. However, the mechanism underlying GPA resistance remains unclear. Here, we performed haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a GPA-resistant cultivar and identified an allele-specific expressed gene, PpNLR1, responsible for the GPA-resistant trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed a functional 20-bp insertion or deletion (indel) in the PpNLR1 promoter, which co-segregated with the GPA-resistant trait and directly influenced promoter activity. Furthermore, jasmonate (JA) signaling, activated during GPA infestation, induced the transcription of PpERF109. This transcription factor specifically bound to the \"CAAGT\" motif within the GWAS-identified 20-bp insertion of the PpNLR1 promoter, resulting in allele-specific expression (ASE). Functional validation of the two alleles (PpNLR1-Hap1 and PpNLR1-Hap2) in both peach and Arabidopsis demonstrated their role in aphid resistance. Additionally, two GPA salivary proteins were identified as effectors, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the peach immune system in conjunction with the PpNLR1 protein. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis indicated that an ∼53.6-kb genomic variation surrounding PpNLR1 underwent negative selection during peach evolution. In conclusion, the JA-mediated PpERF109-PpNLR1 module and GPA effector proteins significantly contribute to GPA resistance in peach. The novel haplotype-resolved genome assembly and identified key genes provide valuable resources for future genomic research and GPA resistance breeding in peach.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2614-2629.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weathering-driven fungal adaptations in boreal forest biomass degradation and biomineralization. 气候驱动的真菌适应在北方森林生物量退化和生物矿化。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.006

Yujiao Wang, Lingfeng Kong, Dunrui Cui, Jing Kong, Xuan Wang, Haoying Che, Yao Peng, Jinzhen Cao

{"title":"Weathering-driven fungal adaptations in boreal forest biomass degradation and biomineralization.","authors":"Yujiao Wang, Lingfeng Kong, Dunrui Cui, Jing Kong, Xuan Wang, Haoying Che, Yao Peng, Jinzhen Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Forest biomass photodegradation and subsequent fungal biodegradation are crucial to the carbon cycle in ecosystems. Meanwhile, fungal biomineralization significantly contributes to the biogeochemical mineral cycle. However, the interplay between these processes, where fungi play a specific role as co-protagonists, particularly under weathering conditions, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the fungal biodegradation of weathered forest biomass components, examining mycelium morphology, metabolic activity, biomass chemistry, hyphal biomineralization, and survival strategies. Our findings indicated that fungi exhibit stress-induced growth variations when exposed to different biomass photodegradation products, highlighting their adaptive or evasive responses to environmental changes. In boreal forests, brown-rot fungi consumed cellulose and hemicellulose as nutrient sources, with calcium detoxification during biomineralization facilitating adaptation to weathered biomass. Conversely, weathered lignin and antifungal extracts impeded fungal growth, causing calcium poisoning and stress from biomineralization products (CaOx). In response, hyphae regenerated, enhanced non-enzymatic degradation, and formed enzyme-producing mycelial clusters, allowing them to sustain growth and overcome antifungal barriers to exploit new nutrients. This research highlights the pivotal role of fungi in perpetuating biological carbon and biogeological mineral cycles, offering insights into their positive contributions to natural evolutionary processes. This study provides a foundation for understanding how fungal adaptation and resilience influence ecosystem evolution and the long-term cycling of carbon and minerals in natural environments.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2720-2731.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Candida. 假丝酵母。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.063

Nicole Robbins, Leah E Cowen

{"title":"Candida.","authors":"Nicole Robbins, Leah E Cowen","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.063","url":null,"abstract":"Among the millions of species in the fungal kingdom, fewer than 300 cause disease in humans, compared to the tens of thousands that cause disease in plants, insects, and ectothermic vertebrates. While the number of 'pathogenic' species is relatively small, fungal infections remain one of the leading threats to human health. Vulnerable populations with compromised immunity face the highest risk of serious infection, with over 2.5 million individuals succumbing to systemic fungal infections annually. Invasive candidiasis caused by Candida species is the leading cause of mycotic death worldwide, accounting for 88% of all hospital-acquired fungal infections in the United States. These infections are primarily caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, as well as non-albicans Candida species, including emerging drug-resistant organisms such as C. auris. In fact, C. albicans and C. auris are such significant public health threats that the World Health Organization recently identified these species as 'critical threat' pathogens that are ranked highest for perceived public health importance. In this primer, we highlight some biological features of Candida species that enable them to thrive as both commensals and pathogens, including morphological diversity, genotypic plasticity, and stress response pathways required to tolerate environmental insults, with a focus on C. albicans and C. auris. We also briefly summarize current antifungal treatments used to combat Candida infections and the resistance mechanisms that have evolved to counteract these therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 11","pages":"R522-R526"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Birdsong learning: Dopamine signals guide song improvement in juvenile birds. 鸟鸣学习：多巴胺信号指导幼鸟的鸣叫改进。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.024

Lizemarie Cirone, Jesse H Goldberg

引用次数: 0

MyShroom. MyShroom。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.014

引用次数: 0

Extant diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary history of Radiolaria. 放射虫的现存多样性、生物地理学和进化史。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.032

Miguel M Sandin, Johan Renaudie, Noritoshi Suzuki, Fabrice Not

{"title":"Extant diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary history of Radiolaria.","authors":"Miguel M Sandin, Johan Renaudie, Noritoshi Suzuki, Fabrice Not","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"Since Ernst Haeckel and the Challenger expedition (1872-1876), Radiolaria have been known as ubiquitous and abundant star-shaped oceanic plankton. Their exquisite biomineralized skeletons left an extensive fossil record extremely valuable for biostratigraphic and paleo-environmental research. In contemporary oceans, there is growing evidence that Radiolaria are significant contributors to marine food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. Here we provide a comprehensive morpho-molecular framework to assess the extant diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary history of Radiolaria. Our analyses reveal that half of radiolarian diversity is morphologically undescribed, with a large part forming three hyper-diverse environmental clades, named Rad-A, Rad-B, and Rad-C. We suggest that most of this undescribed diversity comprises skeleton-less life forms or endosymbionts, explaining their elusive, yet abundant, nature. Phylogenetic analyses highlight the need for a major revision of high-level Radiolaria taxonomy, including placement of Collodaria within the order Nassellaria. Global metabarcoding surveys show that Radiolaria contributes more than 12% to the total eukaryotic community, displaying distinct biogeographic patterns with the skeleton-less lineages at depth and photosymbiont-bearing lineages in the surface. Fossil calibration of a molecular clock revealed the first appearance of Radiolaria ∼760 million years ago (mya), the development of the skeleton in the early Paleozoic (∼500 mya), and the onset of photosymbiotic relationships during the mid to late Mesozoic (∼140 mya), related to geological periods of oligotrophy and anoxia. The results presented here provide a robust framework for developing new perspectives on early eukaryotic diversification, paleo-environmental impacts on plankton evolution, and marine microbial ecology in rapidly evolving ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2524-2538.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal syncytia. 真菌合胞体。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.054

Ameya P Jalihal, Amy S Gladfelter

{"title":"Fungal syncytia.","authors":"Ameya P Jalihal, Amy S Gladfelter","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.054","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes by the presence of a nucleus. However, at some or all stages in their life cycle many fungal cells constitutively contain at least two nuclei in the same cytoplasm, resulting in a multinucleate 'coenocyte' (from the Greek for 'common' and 'cell') or a 'syncytium' (from the Greek for 'together' and 'cell'). Such organization is ancient and has evolved repeatedly. Crucially, multinucleation presents challenges and opportunities for gene expression programs, cytoplasm patterning, environmental sensing and evolution. Here, we focus on multinucleation in fungi where it is a ubiquitous strategy for cell organization (Figure 1). In this primer, we first give an overview of the evolutionary origins, prevalence and diversity of fungal multinucleation. We next describe the two distinct mechanisms that give rise to multinucleation in fungi. The first involves a specialized cell division called endomitosis, in which repeated nuclear divisions occur without cytokinesis or laying down septal cross walls. The other mechanism is cell-cell fusion, whereby two distinct fungal cells recognize and grow towards each other, fuse and allow their respective nuclei to intermingle within the same cytoplasm. Finally, we touch on some aspects of how fungal multinucleation impacts cytoplasmic organization, self/non-self recognition, genetic individuality, and perhaps even cross-species interactions in these organisms.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 11","pages":"R490-R495"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelic fungi. 迷幻真菌。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.026

Jason Slot, Dirk Hoffmeister

引用次数: 0

Mechanobiology of fungal invasion. 真菌侵袭的机械生物学。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.036

Lauren S Ryder, Joris Sprakel, Nicholas J Talbot

{"title":"Mechanobiology of fungal invasion.","authors":"Lauren S Ryder, Joris Sprakel, Nicholas J Talbot","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.036","url":null,"abstract":"Our usual encounters with fungi are when we observe mushrooms in forests or moulds on food that we failed to eat on time. In both instances, however, we are only seeing a very limited view of fungal growth. Fungi are osmotrophs, which means that they consume the food that surrounds them by secreting enzymes to degrade polymers into simple sugars, fatty acids and amino acids. This type of growth has a number of consequences - it explains why fungi secrete toxins and antibiotics to protect their food sources from competitors and why they can grow so rapidly. It also explains why fungi have evolved the capacity to forcefully invade hard substrates, such as wood, animal skins and the cuticles of plants. By doing so, they can access new sources of food, often inaccessible to their competition, and this has enabled fungi to become highly successful pathogens of both animals and plants, causing diseases in organisms as diverse as insects, amphibians, humans, reptiles, and rice plants. It is becoming clear that, in addition to their prodigious secretion of enzymes to degrade complex substrates, fungi can exert very substantial physical forces. Such forces are probably essential for many aspects of the fungal lifestyle, including colonisation of their usual habitats like soil and leaf litter, which require penetration and invasion to enable their digestion by fungi. But for pathogenic fungi, the requirement for invasive growth is even more acute. In this Primer, we explore the mechanobiology of fungal invasive growth and the emerging view of the different mechanisms that fungal pathogens deploy to gain entry to host tissue. We focus mainly on plant pathogens, where recent experimental work has been most extensive, and highlight key research questions for the future.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 11","pages":"R485-R490"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0