Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Nurse honey bees filter fungicide residues to maintain larval health.","authors":"Karoline Wueppenhorst, Abdulrahim T Alkassab, Hannes Beims, Gabriela Bischoff, Ulrich Ernst, Elsa Friedrich, Ingrid Illies, Martina Janke, Julia Kehmstedt, Wolfgang H Kirchner, Richard Odemer, Silvio Erler","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residues of plant protection products (PPPs) are frequently detected in bee matrices¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶ due to foraging bees collecting contaminated nectar and pollen, which they bring back to their hive. The collected material is further used by nurse bees to produce glandular secretions for feeding their larvae.⁷ Potential exposure to PPPs occurs through direct oral ingestion, contact during foraging, or interaction with contaminated hive material.⁸^,⁹ Contaminants can pose health risks to adult worker bees,¹⁰^,¹¹ queens,¹²^,¹³ drones (males),¹⁴ or larvae,¹⁵^,¹⁶ potentially impacting colony health and productivity. However, residue concentrations can vary significantly between analyzed matrices, and potential accumulation or dilution steps have not been widely investigated. Although research has provided valuable insights into contamination risks, there remain gaps in our understanding of the entire pathway from field, via foragers, stored products, nurse bees, and finally to food jelly, i.e., royal, worker, and drone jelly, and the larvae, including all possible processing steps.¹⁷ We collected samples of bee-relevant matrices following the in-field spray application of the product Pictor Active, containing the fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin. The samples were analyzed for residues along this entire pathway. Fungicide residues were reduced by a factor of 8-80 from stored product to nurse bees' heads, suggesting a filtering function of nurse bees. Furthermore, detected residues in larval food jelly resulted from added pollen and not from nurse bee secretions. Calculated risk quotients were at least twice as low as the threshold values, suggesting a low risk to honey bee colonies from these fungicides at the tested application rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5570-5577.e11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferential nitrogen and carbon exchange dynamics in Mucoromycotina \"fine root endophyte\"-plant symbiosis.","authors":"Nathan O A Howard, Alex Williams, Emily Durant, Silvia Pressel, Tim J Daniell, Katie J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucoromycotina \"fine root endophyte\" (MFRE) fungi are an understudied group of plant symbionts that regularly co-occur with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The functional significance of MFRE in plant nutrition remains underexplored, particularly their role in plant nitrogen (N) assimilation from the variety of sources typically found in soils. Using four ¹⁵N-labeled N sources to track N transfer between MFRE and Plantago lanceolata, applied singly and in tandem, we investigated N source discrimination, preference, and transfer to host plants by MFRE. We traced movement of ¹⁴C from plants to MFRE to determine the impact of N source type on plant carbon (C) allocation to MFRE. We found that MFRE preferentially transferred N derived from glycine and ammonium to plant hosts over that derived from nitrate and urea, regardless of other N sources present. MFRE mycelium supplied with glycine and ammonium contained more plant-derived carbon than those supplied with other N sources. We show that the MFRE directly assimilates and metabolizes organic compounds, retaining C to meet its own metabolic requirements and transferring N to plant hosts. Our findings highlight diversity in the function of endomycorrhizal associations, with potentially profound implications for our understanding of the physiology and ecology of plant-fungal symbioses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5484-5493.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building egocentric models of local space from retinal input.","authors":"Dylan M Martins, Joy M Manda, Michael J Goard, Philip R L Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the location of objects relative to ourselves is essential for interacting with the world. Neural activity in the retina is used to form a vision-independent model of the local spatial environment relative to the body. For example, when an animal navigates through a forest, it rapidly shifts its gaze to identify the position of important objects, such as a tree obstructing its path. This seemingly trivial behavior belies a sophisticated neural computation. Visual information entering the brain in a retinocentric reference frame must be transformed into an egocentric reference frame to guide motor planning and action. This, in turn, allows the animal to extract the location of the tree and plan a path around it. In this review, we explore the anatomical, physiological, and computational implementation of retinocentric-to-egocentric reference frame transformations - a research area undergoing rapid progress stimulated by an ever-expanding molecular, physiological, and computational toolbox for probing neural circuits. We begin by summarizing evidence for retinocentric and egocentric reference frames in the brains of diverse organisms, from insects to primates. Next, we cover how distance estimation contributes to creating a three-dimensional representation of local space. We then review proposed implementations of reference frame transformations across different biological and artificial neural networks. Finally, we discuss how an internal egocentric model of the environment is maintained independently of the sensory inputs from which it is derived. By comparing findings across a variety of nervous systems and behaviors, we aim to inspire new avenues for investigating the neural basis of reference frame transformation, a canonical computation critical for modeling the external environment and guiding goal-directed behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 23","pages":"R1185-R1202"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography confounds the signal of cospeciation in Batesian mimicry.","authors":"Matthew H Van Dam, Alessandro Parisotto, Milton N Medina, Analyn A Cabras, Nayeli Gutiérrez-Trejo, Bodo D Wilts, Athena W Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the inception of the field of evolution, mimicry has yielded insights into foundational evolutionary processes, including adaptive peak shifts, speciation, and the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic polymorphisms.¹^,²^,³ In recent years, the coevolutionary processes generating mimicry have gained increasing attention from researchers. Despite significant advances in understanding Batesian and Müllerian mimicry in Lepidopteran systems, few other mimetic systems have received similar detailed research. Here, we present a Batesian mimicry complex involving flightless, armored Pachyrhynchus weevils and their winged Doliops longhorn beetle mimics and examine their coevolutionary patterns within the Philippine archipelagos. Pachyrhynchus weevils are primarily found in the Philippines, where distinct species radiations have occurred on different islands, each with unique color patterns serving as a warning to predators. This defensive trait and mimicry between unrelated species were first described by Wallace in 1889. Notably, the distantly related longhorn beetle Doliops, despite being soft-bodied and ostensibly palatable, mimics the heavily armored, flightless Pachyrhynchus. To address mimicry in this system, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Doliops using a probe set consisting of 38,000 ultraconserved elements. Our study examines the following questions central to understanding the Pachyrhynchus-Doliops mimicry system: (1) to what extent are coevolutionary interactions conserved (i.e., lineage-constrained) and (2) are the codiversification patterns primarily driven by biotic or abiotic factors?⁴^,⁵^,⁶ To assess color mimicry and cospeciation, we examined the evolution of nanostructure-based warning colors and the effect of island biogeography on cospeciation. Our findings demonstrate the beetle's ability to repeatedly evolve multiple solutions to similar evolutionary challenges, evolving similar color patterns using different types of photonic crystals with varying degrees of order. We revealed that the observed pattern of cospeciation is driven mainly by abiotic factors from their biogeographic history. Unlike the patterns of coevolution seen between angiosperms and insect lineages,⁷ most ecological interactions do not persist longer than a few million years, leading to patterns of modularity rather than ecological nestedness.⁴^,⁶^,⁷.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5554-5563.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong winds reduce foraging success in albatrosses.","authors":"Jamie Darby, Richard A Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, Ewan D Wakefield, José C Xavier, Jorge M Pereira, Samantha C Patrick","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of how animals respond to weather and changes in their physical environment is increasingly important, given the higher frequency of extreme weather recorded in recent years and its forecasted increase globally.¹^,² Even species considered to be highly adapted to extremes of weather, as albatrosses are to strong winds,³^,⁴^,⁵ may be disadvantaged by shifts in those extremes. Tracked albatrosses were shown recently to avoid storms and the strongest associated winds.⁶ The drivers of this response are so far unknown, though we hypothesize that turbulent storm conditions restrict foraging success, possibly by reducing the detectability or accessibility of food, and albatrosses divert toward more profitable conditions where possible. We tested the impact of the physical environment-wind speed, rainfall, water clarity, and time of day-on feeding activity and success of two species of albatrosses with contrasting foraging strategies. We tracked 33 wandering and 48 black-browed albatrosses from Bird Island (South Georgia) with GPS and immersion loggers, and 19 and 7 individuals, respectively, with stomach-temperature loggers to record ingestions, providing an in-depth picture of foraging behavior. Reduced foraging profitability (probability of prey capture and overall mass) was associated with stormy conditions, specifically strong winds and heavy rain in surface-seizing wandering albatrosses, and the probability of prey capture was reduced in strong winds in black-browed albatrosses. We show that even highly wind-adapted species may frequently encounter conditions that make foraging difficult, giving context to storm avoidance in albatrosses. VIDEO ABSTRACT.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5615-5621.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental neurobiology: The 4 Hz lullaby.","authors":"Jacob Schwarz, Duncan B Leitch","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many young mammals exhibit a characteristic 'transport response' upon being picked up by their mother. New research reveals the specific tactile mechanisms and afferents underlying this critical early-life response in rat pups.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 23","pages":"R1172-R1174"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic reconstitution of a spine-apparatus-like structure provides insight into mechanisms underlying its formation.","authors":"Hanieh Falahati, Yumei Wu, Mumu Fang, Pietro De Camilli","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous cellular endomembrane network that displays focal specializations. Most notable examples of such specializations include the spine apparatus of neuronal dendrites and the cisternal organelle of axonal initial segments. Both organelles exhibit stacks of smooth ER sheets with a narrow lumen, interconnected by a dense protein matrix. The actin-binding protein synaptopodin is required for their formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that the spine apparatus and synaptopodin are conserved from flies to mammals and that a highly conserved region of this protein is necessary, but not sufficient, for its association with ER. We reveal a dual role of synaptopodin in generating actin bundles and in linking them to the ER. Expression of a synaptopodin construct constitutively anchored to the ER in non-neuronal cells is sufficient to generate stacked ER cisterns resembling the spine apparatus. Cisterns within these stacks are molecularly distinct from the surrounding ER and are connected to each other by an actin-based matrix that contains proteins also found at the spine apparatus of neuronal spines. Our findings shed light on mechanisms governing the biogenesis of this peculiar structure and represent a step toward understanding the elusive properties of this organelle.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the hypothalamic ventromedial periventricular area activates a dynorphin pathway-dependent thermoregulatory inversion in rats.","authors":"Shaun F Morrison, Georgina Cano, Shelby L Hernan, Pierfrancesco Chiavetta, Domenico Tupone","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To maintain core body temperature in mammals, CNS thermoregulatory networks respond to cold exposure by increasing brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. However, in hibernation or torpor, this canonical thermoregulatory response is replaced by a new, emerging paradigm, thermoregulatory inversion (TI), an alternative homeostatic state in which cold exposure inhibits thermogenesis and warm exposure stimulates thermogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that in the non-torpid rat, either exclusion of the canonical thermoregulatory integrator in the preoptic hypothalamus or inhibition of neurons in the ventromedial periventricular area (VMPeA) induces the TI state through an alternative thermoregulatory pathway. Within this pathway, we have identified a dynorphinergic input to the dorsomedial hypothalamus from the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus that plays a critical role in mediating the cold-evoked inhibition of thermogenesis during TI. Our results reveal a novel thermosensory reflex circuit within the mammalian CNS thermoregulatory pathways and support the potential for pharmacologically inducing the TI state to elicit therapeutic hypothermia in non-hibernating species, including humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics of neglected flagellated protists supports a revised eukaryotic tree of life.","authors":"Guifré Torruella, Luis Javier Galindo, David Moreira, Purificación López-García","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic predecessors in the early Proterozoic¹^,² and radiated from their already complex last common ancestor,³ diversifying into several supergroups with unresolved deep evolutionary connections.⁴ They evolved extremely diverse lifestyles, playing crucial roles in the carbon cycle.⁵^,⁶ Heterotrophic flagellates are arguably the most diverse eukaryotes⁴^,⁷^,⁸^,⁹ and often occupy basal positions in phylogenetic trees. However, many of them remain undersampled⁴^,¹⁰ and/or incertae sedis.⁴^,¹¹^,¹²^,¹³^,¹⁴^,¹⁵^,¹⁶^,¹⁷^,¹⁸ Progressive improvement of phylogenomic methods and a wider protist sampling have reshaped and consolidated major clades in the eukaryotic tree.¹³^,¹⁴^,¹⁵^,¹⁶^,¹⁷^,¹⁸^,¹⁹ This is illustrated by the Opimoda,¹⁴ one of the largest eukaryotic supergroups (Amoebozoa, Ancyromonadida, Apusomonadida, Breviatea, CRuMs [Collodictyon-Rigifila-Mantamonas], Malawimonadida, and Opisthokonta-including animals and fungi).⁴^,¹⁴^,¹⁹^,²⁰^,²¹^,²² However, their deepest evolutionary relationships still remain uncertain. Here, we sequenced transcriptomes of poorly studied flagellates²³^,²⁴ (14 apusomonads,²⁵^,²⁶ 7 ancyromonads,²⁷ and 1 cultured Mediterranean strain of Meteora sporadica¹⁷) and conducted comprehensive phylogenomics analyses with an expanded taxon sampling of early-branching protists. Our findings support the monophyly of Opimoda, with CRuMs being sister to the Amorphea (amoebozoans, breviates, apusomonads, and opisthokonts) and ancyromonads and malawimonads forming a moderately supported clade. By mapping key complex phenotypic traits onto this phylogenetic framework, we infer an opimodan biflagellate ancestor with an excavate-like feeding groove, which ancyromonads subsequently lost. Although breviates and apusomonads retained the ancestral biflagellate state, some early-diverging Amorphea lost one or both flagella, facilitating the evolution of amoeboid morphologies, novel feeding modes, and palintomic cell division resulting in multinucleated cells. These innovations likely facilitated the subsequent evolution of fungal and metazoan multicellularity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal direction of motion is reliably transmitted to visual cortex through highly selective thalamocortical connections.","authors":"Chuyi Su, Rosangela F Mendes-Platt, Jose-Manuel Alonso, Harvey A Swadlow, Yulia Bereshpolova","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motion perception is crucial to animal survival and effective environmental interactions. In mammals, detection of movement begins in the retina. Directionally selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells were first discovered in the rabbit eye,¹ and they have since been found in mouse,²^,³ cat,⁴ and monkey.⁵^,⁶ These DS retinal neurons contact a small population of neurons in the visual thalamus (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]) that are highly DS.⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰ The primary visual cortex (V1) also contains DS neurons, but whether directional selectivity in V1 emerges de novo¹¹^,¹²^,¹³ or is inherited from DS thalamic inputs¹⁴^,¹⁵^,¹⁶ remains unclear. We previously found that LGN-DS neurons generate strong and focal synaptic currents in rabbit V1, similar to those generated by LGN concentric cells.¹⁷ Thus, the synaptic drive generated by LGN-DS neurons in V1 is spatially well situated to influence the firing of layer 4 (L4) simple cells, most of which show strong directional selectivity.¹⁸ However, two important questions remain: do LGN-DS neurons synaptically target DS simple cells in L4, and, if so, do they contribute to the directional preferences of these V1 DS neurons? We used spike-train cross-correlation analysis of pairs of LGN-DS and L4 simple cells to address these questions. We found that LGN-DS neurons do target L4 DS simple cells and that the targeting is highly selective, largely following a simple set of \"connectivity rules.\" We conclude that this highly selective thalamocortical connectivity of LGN-DS neurons contributes to the sharp directional selectivity of cortical simple cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}