Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Control of sporophyte secondary cell wall development in Marchantia by a Class II KNOX gene.","authors":"Tom Dierschke, Jonathan Levins, Edwin R Lampugnani, Berit Ebert, Sabine Zachgo, John L Bowman","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land plants evolved from an ancestral alga around 470 mya, evolving complex multicellularity in both haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations. The evolution of water-conducting tissues in the sporophyte generation was crucial for the success of land plants, paving the way for the colonization of a variety of terrestrial habitats. Class II KNOX (KNOX2) genes are major regulators of secondary cell wall formation and seed mucilage (pectin) deposition in flowering plants. Here, we show that, in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, loss-of-function alleles of the KNOX2 ortholog, MpKNOX2, or its dimerization partner, MpBELL1, have defects in capsule wall secondary cell wall and spore pectin biosynthesis. Both genes are expressed in the gametophytic calyptra surrounding the sporophyte and exert maternal effects, suggesting intergenerational regulation from the maternal gametophyte to the sporophytic embryo. These findings also suggest the presence of a secondary wall genetic program in the non-vascular liverwort capsule wall, with attributes of secondary walls in vascular tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5213-5222.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinctive and highly variable bird migration system revealed in Eastern Australia.","authors":"Xu Shi, Joshua Soderholm, Jason W Chapman, Jessica Meade, Andrew Farnsworth, Adriaan M Dokter, Richard A Fuller","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our understanding of bird migration is heavily biased toward long-distance movements in the Northern Hemisphere,¹^,²^,³ with only fragmented knowledge from the Southern Hemisphere.⁴^,⁵ In Australia, while some species migrate,⁴^,⁶^,⁷^,⁸ the timing and direction of large-scale, multi-species seasonal movements remain critically understudied due to the complexity of movement in this region and a lack of research personnel and infrastructure.⁷^,⁹ It is still unclear whether there are pronounced and structured mass movements resembling those in the Northern Hemisphere.¹⁰^,¹¹^,¹² Here, we analyze data from a latitudinal transect of weather radars spanning the entire coastline of Eastern Australia to determine the magnitude, directions, timing, and variability of bird migration compared to that of Northern Hemisphere migration systems. Bird movements exhibited sequential seasonal peaks along a latitudinal gradient with seasonally contrasting flight directions, confirming that a structured bird migration system exists. Three features were distinct from Northern Hemisphere migrations. First, distinct movements occurred around sunrise with comparable magnitudes to nocturnal migration, likely representing a strong diurnal component to the bird movements. Second, migration intensity averaged 0.06 million birds km^-1 in autumn, much lower than Northern Hemisphere migrations.¹¹^,¹²^,¹³ Finally, flight directions were more dispersed, and the timing and amount of migration were highly variable between years compared to Northern Hemisphere migration systems, perhaps in response to variable climate.⁷ This first quantification of continental-scale movements in Australia revealed a distinctive migration system, and it suggests that much remains to be discovered about the ecological and evolutionary factors shaping animal migrations in the Southern Hemisphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5359-5365.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striosomes control dopamine via dual pathways paralleling canonical basal ganglia circuits.","authors":"Iakovos Lazaridis, Jill R Crittenden, Gun Ahn, Kojiro Hirokane, Ian R Wickersham, Tomoko Yoshida, Ara Mahar, Vasiliki Skara, Johnny H Loftus, Krishna Parvataneni, Konstantinos Meletis, Jonathan T Ting, Emily Hueske, Ayano Matsushima, Ann M Graybiel","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balanced activity of canonical direct D1 and indirect D2 basal ganglia pathways is considered a core requirement for normal movement, and their imbalance is an etiologic factor in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. We present evidence for a conceptually equivalent pair of direct D1 and indirect D2 pathways that arise from striatal projection neurons (SPNs) of the striosome compartment rather than from SPNs of the matrix, as do the canonical pathways. These striosomal D1 (S-D1) and D2 (S-D2) pathways target substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons instead of basal ganglia motor output nuclei. They modulate movement with net effects opposite to those exerted by the canonical pathways: S-D1 is net inhibitory and S-D2 is net excitatory. The S-D1 and S-D2 circuits likely influence motivation for learning and action, complementing and reorienting canonical pathway modulation. A major conceptual reformulation of the classic direct-indirect pathway model of basal ganglia function is needed, as well as reconsideration of the effects of D2-targeting therapeutic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5263-5283.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-existing visual responses in a projection-defined dopamine population explain individual learning trajectories.","authors":"Alejandro Pan-Vazquez, Yoel Sanchez Araujo, Brenna McMannon, Miranta Louka, Akhil Bandi, Laura Haetzel, Mayo Faulkner, Jonathan W Pillow, Nathaniel D Daw, Ilana B Witten","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key challenge of learning a new task is that the environment is high dimensional-there are many different sensory features and possible actions, with typically only a small reward-relevant subset. Although animals can learn to perform complex tasks that involve arbitrary associations between stimuli, actions, and rewards,¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶ a consistent and striking result across varied experimental paradigms is that in initially acquiring such tasks, large differences between individuals are apparent in the learning process.⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹^,¹² What neural mechanisms contribute to initial task acquisition, and why do some individuals learn a new task much more quickly than others? To address these questions, we recorded longitudinally from dopaminergic (DA) axon terminals in mice learning a visual decision-making task.⁷ Across striatum, DA responses tracked idiosyncratic and side-specific learning trajectories, consistent with widespread reward prediction error coding across DA terminals. However, even before any rewards were delivered, contralateral-side-specific visual responses were present in DA terminals, primarily in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS). These pre-existing responses predicted the extent of learning for contralateral stimuli. Moreover, activation of these terminals improved contralateral performance. Thus, the initial conditions of a projection-specific and feature-specific DA signal help explain individual learning trajectories. More broadly, this work suggests that functional heterogeneity across DA projections may serve to bias target regions toward learning about different subsets of task features, providing a potential mechanism to address the dimensionality of the initial task learning problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5349-5358.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts.","authors":"Elena Pilli, Stefania Vai, Victoria C Moses, Stefania Morelli, Martina Lari, Alessandra Modi, Maria Angela Diroma, Valeria Amoretti, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, Massimo Osanna, Douglas J Kennett, Richard J George, John Krigbaum, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, David Caramelli, David Reich, Alissa Mittnik","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eruption of Somma-Vesuvius in 79 CE buried several nearby Roman towns, killing the inhabitants and burying under pumice lapilli and ash deposits a unique set of civil and private buildings, monuments, sculptures, paintings, and mosaics that provide a rich picture of life in the empire. The eruption also preserved the forms of many of the dying as the ash compacted around their bodies. Although the soft tissue decayed, the outlines of the bodies remained and were recovered by excavators centuries later by filling the cavities with plaster. From skeletal material embedded in the casts, we generated genome-wide ancient DNA and strontium isotopic data to characterize the genetic relationships, sex, ancestry, and mobility of five individuals. We show that the individuals' sexes and family relationships do not match traditional interpretations, exemplifying how modern assumptions about gendered behaviors may not be reliable lenses through which to view data from the past. For example, an adult wearing a golden bracelet with a child on their lap-often interpreted as mother and child-is genetically an adult male biologically unrelated to the child. Similarly, a pair of individuals who were thought to have died in an embrace-often interpreted as sisters-included at least one genetic male. All Pompeiians with genome-wide data consistently derive their ancestry largely from recent immigrants from the eastern Mediterranean, as has also been seen in contemporaneous ancient genomes from the city of Rome, underscoring the cosmopolitanism of the Roman Empire in this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5307-5318.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoception and gut-brain communication.","authors":"Amber L Alhadeff, Nilay Yapici","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoception - the internal sensing of bodily states and their communication to the brain - has recently become a 'buzzword'. However, the scientific study of how the brain and the body communicate has a much longer and well-established history. In the 16^th century, the French philosopher and scientist René Descartes (1596-1650) proposed that the mind and body are two fundamentally distinct entities, yet they interact with each other to regulate animal and human behaviors. Descartes argued that the body, which operates like a machine and follows the laws of physics, is controlled by the mind (or the brain), the source of our cognitive functions. Today, it is widely recognized that the interactions between the body and brain are critical for our survival and overall well-being (Figure 1). At the same time, we are just beginning to learn about the mechanistic bases of these interactions. In this primer, we will discuss the origins of interoception research and how body-brain interactions govern some of our most critical homeostatic functions, such as energy balance. Given their key roles in health and disease, we will focus on the neural and hormonal pathways involved in gut-brain communication and their impact on feeding behavior and metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 22","pages":"R1125-R1130"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-photosynthetic lineages sibling to Cyanobacteria associate with eukaryotes in the open ocean.","authors":"Fabian Wittmers, Jacqueline Comstock, Camille Poirier, David M Needham, Frederik Schulz, Rex Malmstrom, Craig A Carlson, Alexandra Z Worden","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Margulisbacteria are elusive uncultivated bacteria that have illuminated evolutionary transitions in the progenitor of Cyanobacteria, the latter being a critically important phylum that underpins oxygenic photosynthesis¹^,². The non-photosynthetic Margulisbacteria were discovered in a sulfidic spring³ and later in other habitats⁴⁵⁶. Currently, this candidate phylum partitions into the Riflemargulisbacteria, primarily from sediments and groundwater, the Termititenax from insect gut microbiomes, and the Marinamargulisbacteria, from marine samples⁴⁵⁶. We found that Marinamargulisbacteria amplicons were unusually distributed in size-fractionated samples from the sunlit photic and dark twilight zones of the ocean. Further, sequencing of wild marine protists rendered genomic information for distinct marinamargulisbacterial clades co-associated with uncultivated, non-photosynthetic Stramenopila and Opisthokonta protists. Phylogenomic analyses combining these data and available metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and single-amplified genomes (SAGs) from sorted bacteria revealed new Marinamargulisbacteria lineages. The lineages delineate by their environment, forming clades comprising freshwater, marine pelagic, or sediment/hypoxic taxa. The remarkable diversity of Margulisbacteria indicates success in colonizing various habitats, potentially in a conserved strategy involving eukaryotic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 22","pages":"R1133-R1134"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology: Re-complexifying impoverished food webs.","authors":"Oswald J Schmitz","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional conservation holds that non-native species introductions lead to the loss of ecosystem complexity and function. Yet, new research shows that they can restore complexity as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 22","pages":"R1155-R1157"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvey J. Karten (1935-2024).","authors":"Thomas E Finger","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thomas Finger commemorates the life of neuroscientist Harvey J. Karten, whose groundbreaking work on birds, sensory modalities and the organization of the basal ganglia greatly impacted the field of neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 22","pages":"R1111-R1114"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal ganglia: Uniting circuit logic between matrix and striosome.","authors":"Willa G Kerkhoff, William R Stauffer","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new study has identified a novel direct-indirect circuit architecture connecting the striosome compartment of the striatum with midbrain dopamine neurons. This circuit has the potential to integrate limbic and sensorimotor functions and to exert substantial control over biological reinforcement leaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"34 22","pages":"R1149-R1152"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}