Current Biology最新文献

Counterillumination reduces bites by Great White sharks. 反照明减少了大白鲨的咬伤。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.042

Laura A Ryan, Enrico Gennari, David J Slip, Shaun P Collin, Victor M Peddemors, Charlie Huveneers, Lucille Chapuis, Jan M Hemmi, Nathan S Hart

{"title":"Counterillumination reduces bites by Great White sharks.","authors":"Laura A Ryan, Enrico Gennari, David J Slip, Shaun P Collin, Victor M Peddemors, Charlie Huveneers, Lucille Chapuis, Jan M Hemmi, Nathan S Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.042","url":null,"abstract":"In the open ocean, achieving camouflage is complicated by the fact that the downwelling light is generally much brighter than the upwelling light, which means that any object, even if its ventral surface is white due to countershading, will appear as a dark silhouette when viewed from below.1,2,3 To overcome this, many marine species employ counterillumination, whereby light is emitted from photophores on their ventral surface to replace the downwelling light blocked by their body.4,5,6 However, only a single behavioral study has tested the efficacy of counterillumination as an anti-predation strategy.7 Counterillumination is predicted to be particularly useful against predators that have poor visual acuity and lack color vision,8 like the Great White shark (Carcharodon carcharias), the species responsible for most human shark-bite fatalities globally.9 Here, we take inspiration from nature to show that counterillumination can prevent Great White sharks from attacking artificial seal decoys. Using seal decoys fitted with LED lights and towed behind a boat, we explored the efficiency of different light configurations on the deterrence effect, showing that visual shape and motion cues are critical for prey recognition by Great White sharks. Counterillumination that is brighter than the background is most effective in deterring sharks, implying that, in this context, counterillumination works through disruptive camouflage rather than background matching. Our results reveal the importance of a dark silhouette against a lighter background in predatory behavior in Great White sharks and that altering the silhouette may form the basis of new non-invasive shark deterrent technology to protect human life. VIDEO ABSTRACT.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5789-5795.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lysosomal damage triggers a p38 MAPK-dependent phosphorylation cascade to promote lysophagy via the small heat shock protein HSP27. 溶酶体损伤会触发依赖于 p38 MAPK 的磷酸化级联，通过小型热休克蛋白 HSP27 促进溶酶体吞噬。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.061

Elizabeth R Gallagher, Peace T Oloko, Tessa C Fitch, Elizabeth M Brown, Lynn A Spruce, Erika L F Holzbaur

{"title":"Lysosomal damage triggers a p38 MAPK-dependent phosphorylation cascade to promote lysophagy via the small heat shock protein HSP27.","authors":"Elizabeth R Gallagher, Peace T Oloko, Tessa C Fitch, Elizabeth M Brown, Lynn A Spruce, Erika L F Holzbaur","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.061","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for cell viability. Upon injury, lysosomes may be targeted for degradation via a selective form of autophagy known as lysophagy. The engulfment of a damaged lysosome by an autophagosome is mediated by the recruitment of adaptor proteins, including SQSTM1/p62. p62 promotes lysophagy via the formation of phase-separated condensates in a mechanism that is regulated by the heat shock protein HSP27. Here, we demonstrate a direct interaction between HSP27 and p62. We used structural modeling to predict the binding interface between HSP27 and p62 and identify several disease-associated mutations that map to this interface. We used proteomics to identify post-translational modifications of HSP27 that regulate HSP27 recruitment to stressed lysosomes, finding robust phosphorylation at several serine residues. Next, we characterized the upstream signaling mechanism leading to HSP27 phosphorylation and found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and its effector kinase MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) are activated upon lysosomal damage by the kinase mTOR and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS activates p38 MAPK, which in turn allows MK2-dependent phosphorylation of HSP27. Depletion of HSP27 or the inhibition of HSP27 phosphorylation alters the dynamics of p62 condensates on stressed lysosomes, significantly inhibiting p62-dependent lysophagy. Thus, we define a novel lysosomal quality control mechanism in which lysosomal injury triggers a p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling cascade promoting p62-dependent lysophagy. Further, this signaling cascade is activated by many cellular stressors, including oxidative and heat stress, suggesting that other forms of selective autophagy may be regulated by p38 MAPK/MK2/HSP27.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5739-5757.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social play fosters cooperation in wild adult chimpanzees. 社交游戏能促进野生成年黑猩猩的合作。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.058

Liran Samuni, Alexander Mielke, Catherine Crockford, Roman M Wittig

{"title":"Social play fosters cooperation in wild adult chimpanzees.","authors":"Liran Samuni, Alexander Mielke, Catherine Crockford, Roman M Wittig","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.058","url":null,"abstract":"Adult social play is a universal human trait, promoting the tolerance, bonding, cooperation, and collective action that sustain our large and complex societies.1,2 Play serves as a conduit for transmitting positive emotions, thereby stimulating psychological resilience to stressors and facilitating the positive intent and trust3,4,5,6 essential for cooperation emergence. In contrast, non-human adult social play is considered rare, and its role in cooperation remains unknown. We address this gap by studying the play behavior of 57 adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, where adult social play and collective action regularly occur. We show that adult female and male chimpanzees play more during times of increased mate competition (with males mainly playing with immatures) and with adult partners they had recent disputes with, highlighting the role of play in regulating social tension that can undermine cooperation. Chimpanzees also preferred playing with adult partners with whom they share strong affiliative bonds, aligning with the idea that play is associated with social familiarity and trust. Finally, adult chimpanzees were more likely to play before collectively defending their territory against outsiders and hunting monkeys. Those who played together were subsequently more likely to collaborate, reinforcing the notion that the positive feedback signaled via play can facilitate cooperation.5 Our findings demonstrate the sustained significance of adult social play throughout the chimpanzee lifespan, providing valuable insights into the evolution of adult social play and its societal functions, from diffusing tension to supporting social bonds and collective action.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5839-5845.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher-order cortical and thalamic pathways shape visual processing streams in the mouse cortex. 高阶皮层和丘脑通路塑造了小鼠皮层的视觉处理流。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.048

Xu Han, Vincent Bonin

{"title":"Higher-order cortical and thalamic pathways shape visual processing streams in the mouse cortex.","authors":"Xu Han, Vincent Bonin","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.048","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian visual functions rely on distributed processing across interconnected cortical and subcortical regions. In higher-order visual areas (HVAs), visual features are processed in specialized streams that integrate feedforward and higher-order inputs from intracortical and thalamocortical pathways. However, the precise circuit organization responsible for HVA specialization remains unclear. We investigated the cellular architecture of primary visual cortex (V1) and higher-order visual pathways in the mouse, focusing on their roles in shaping visual representations. Using in vivo functional imaging and neural circuit tracing, we found that HVAs preferentially receive inputs from both V1 and higher-order pathways tuned to similar spatiotemporal properties, with the strongest selectivity seen in layer 2/3 neurons. These neurons exhibit target-specific tuning and sublaminar specificity in their projections, reflecting cell-type-specific visual information flow. In contrast, HVA layer 5 pathways nonspecifically broadcast visual signals across cortical areas, suggesting a role in distributing HVA outputs. Additionally, thalamocortical pathways from the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (LP) provide highly specific, nearly non-overlapping visual inputs to HVAs, complementing intracortical inputs and contributing to input functional diversity. Our findings suggest that the convergence of laminar and cell-type-specific pathways V1 and higher-order intracortical and thalamocortical pathways plays a key role in shaping the functional specialization and diversity of HVAs.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5671-5684.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social insects: The waxy wonder of symmetry. 社会性昆虫：对称的蜡质奇迹

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.038

Margaret J Couvillon

引用次数: 0

Evolution: Morphological complexity fuels rapid species turnover. 进化：形态的复杂性助长了物种的快速更替。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.001

Kenneth De Baets

引用次数: 0

Representational drift in barrel cortex is receptive field dependent. 桶状皮层的表象漂移与感受野有关。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.021

Alisha Ahmed, Bettina Voelcker, Simon Peron

引用次数: 0

Monkeys engage in visual simulation to solve complex problems. 猴子通过视觉模拟来解决复杂问题。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.026

Aarit Ahuja, Nadira Yusif Rodriguez, Alekh Karkada Ashok, Thomas Serre, Theresa M Desrochers, David L Sheinberg

{"title":"Monkeys engage in visual simulation to solve complex problems.","authors":"Aarit Ahuja, Nadira Yusif Rodriguez, Alekh Karkada Ashok, Thomas Serre, Theresa M Desrochers, David L Sheinberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"Visual simulation-i.e., using internal reconstructions of the world to experience potential future versions of events that are not currently happening-is among the most sophisticated capacities of the human mind. But is this ability in fact uniquely human? To answer this question, we tested monkeys on a series of experiments involving the \"Planko\" game, which we have previously used to evoke visual simulation in human participants. We found that monkeys were able to successfully play the game using a simulation strategy, predicting the trajectory of a ball through a field of planks while demonstrating a level of accuracy and behavioral signatures comparable with those of humans. Computational analyses further revealed that the monkeys' strategy while playing Planko aligned with a recurrent neural network (RNN) that approached the task using a spontaneously learned simulation strategy. Finally, we carried out awake functional magnetic resonance imaging while monkeys played Planko. We found activity in motion-sensitive regions of the monkey brain during hypothesized simulation periods, even without any perceived visual motion cues. This neural result closely mirrors previous findings from human research, suggesting a shared mechanism of visual simulation across species. Taken together, these findings challenge traditional views of animal cognition, proposing that nonhuman primates possess a complex cognitive landscape, capable of invoking imaginative and predictive mental experiences to solve complex everyday problems.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5635-5645.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cataglyphis ants have a polarity-sensitive magnetic compass.

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.012

Robin Grob, Johanna W Wegmann, Wolfgang Rössler, Pauline N Fleischmann

{"title":"Cataglyphis ants have a polarity-sensitive magnetic compass.","authors":"Robin Grob, Johanna W Wegmann, Wolfgang Rössler, Pauline N Fleischmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial orientation based on the geomagnetic field (GMF) is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom, predominantly observed in long-distance migrating birds,1 sea turtles,2 lobsters,3 and Lepidoptera.4,5 Although magnetoreception has been studied intensively, the mechanism remains elusive. A crucial question for a mechanistic understanding of magnetoreception is whether animals rely on inclination or polarity-based magnetic information. Inclination-based magnetic orientation utilizes the angle between the magnetic field lines and gravity, indicating poleward and equatorward. In contrast, polarity-based magnetic orientation allows animals to detect the polarity of the GMF, the north and south direction of the field vector. Cataglyphis desert ants are excellent experimental models for testing whether magnetic inclination or polarity of the magnetic field is used for navigation. Desert ants are solitary foragers with exceptional navigational skills.6 When the ants leave their underground nest for the first time to become foragers, they perform learning walks for up to three days to learn the visual panorama and calibrate their compass systems.7,8 The ants repeatedly stop their forward movement during learning walks for performing turns (pirouettes), interrupted by stopping phases. Gaze directions during the longest stopping phases are directed toward the nest entrance.9 We experimentally manipulated look-back behavior systematically by altering polarity or inclination of the GMF. We demonstrate that Cataglyphis ants, contrary to most other insects studied,10 possess a polarity-sensitive magnetic compass, making them ideal experimental models for narrowing down the evidence for particle-based mechanisms underlying magnetosensation in this insect.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5833-5838.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tug-of-war between germ cell motility and intercellular bridges controls germline cyst formation in mice. 生殖细胞运动和细胞间桥之间的拉锯战控制着小鼠生殖细胞囊肿的形成。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.062

Ezra W Levy, Isabella Leite, Bradley W Joyce, Stanislav Y Shvartsman, Eszter Posfai

{"title":"A tug-of-war between germ cell motility and intercellular bridges controls germline cyst formation in mice.","authors":"Ezra W Levy, Isabella Leite, Bradley W Joyce, Stanislav Y Shvartsman, Eszter Posfai","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.062","url":null,"abstract":"Gametes in many species develop in cysts-clusters of germ cells formed by incomplete cytokinesis-that remain connected through intercellular bridges (ICBs). These connections enable sharing of cytoplasmic components between germ cells and, in the female germ line, enrich select cells in the cyst to become the oocyte(s). In mice, germline cysts of variable sizes are generated during embryonic development, thought to result from cyst fractures. Studies of fixed samples failed to capture fracture events, and thus, the mechanism remained elusive. Here, we use high-resolution live imaging of germ cells within their native tissue environment to visualize germline cyst dynamics. With this novel approach, we reveal a striking motile phenotype of gonad-resident germ cells and show that this randomly oriented cell-autonomous motile behavior during cyst formation underlies fracture events. Conversely, we show that stabilized ICBs help resist excessive fracturing. Additionally, we find that motility and thus fracture rates gradually decrease during development in a sex-dependent manner, completely ceasing by the end of cyst-forming divisions. These results lead to a model where the opposing activities of developmentally regulated cell motility and stable ICBs give rise to cysts of variable sizes. We corroborate these results by developing a model that uses experimentally measured fracture rates to simulate cyst formation and fracture and show that it can reproduce experimentally measured cyst sizes in both male and female. Understanding how variable cysts form will enable further studies of mammalian oocyte selection and establishment of the ovarian reserve.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5728-5738.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0