Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"A spinal circuit for skilled locomotion.","authors":"Elisa Toscano, Nadezhda Evtushenko, Maddalena Giomi, Alessandro Santuz, Philine Thieme, Elijah David Lowenstein, Aristotelis Misios, Carmen Birchmeier, Niccolò Zampieri","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural circuits in the spinal cord have a critical role in integrating sensory information and descending commands to coordinate body movements. Defining the functional diversity of spinal neurons is therefore essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying motor control. In this study, by combining anatomical, molecular, and functional analyses in mice, we identified and characterized a subtype of spinal ascending neurons belonging to the V0 family. We found that V0g ascending neurons are integrated in lumbar sensorimotor circuits, and their function is specifically required for the execution of precise limb movements necessary for skilled locomotion. This work advances our understanding of the functional organization of V0 neurons and highlights a previously unappreciated role in adjusting body movements to the more demanding needs of skilled locomotor tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preemptive gain control in primary visual cortex.","authors":"Jon S Guez, Bart Krekelberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurons continuously adapt their response properties to their environment. In the visual cortex, this includes gain control processes such as contrast normalization, which matches neurons' limited dynamic response range to the prevailing contrasts. Contrast normalization converges to a state that is optimal for processing the current visual input but not for the new, unknown input that impinges on the retina after each eye movement. We hypothesized that this conflict between current (pre-saccadic) and future (post-saccadic) needs could be resolved by a preemptive reset of the contrast response function with every saccade. We investigated this hypothesis using multi-electrode array recordings in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. As expected, exposure to high contrast during steady fixation led to reduced gain and a compressed contrast response function. In support of our preemptive gain control hypothesis, these gain changes were partially reversed during saccades, resulting in a contrast response function with a higher gain and a broader, more linear response range. Post-saccadic gain increases were accompanied by pre-saccadic gain decreases, which were anticorrelated, suggesting that a common mechanism underlies both changes. Our findings indicate that the ubiquitous biphasic peri-saccadic neural response is a signature of a pause-rebound mechanism that prepares for unknown future visual inputs by resetting the contrast response function. At the perceptual level, this leads us to reinterpret the pre-saccadic reduction in visual sensitivity (i.e., saccadic suppression) as a side effect of the beneficial signal-processing strategy of preemptive gain control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How human infrastructure threatens biodiversity by squeezing sandy coasts.","authors":"Eva M Lansu, Hallie S Fischman, Christine Angelini, Nadia Hijner, Luc Geelen, Dick Groenendijk, Solveig Höfer, Annemieke M Kooijman, Max Rietkerk, Sten Tonkens, Sierd de Vries, Martin Wassen, Evaline van Weerlee, Daniël Wille, Valérie Reijers, Tjisse van der Heide","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coastal dunes form valuable ecosystems that provide flood protection, drinking water, and high biodiversity worldwide. Although their functioning hinges on habitat zonation along >km-scale sea-to-land gradients, infrastructure development progressively squeezes natural dune ecosystems into a narrow strip. Yet it remains unknown how much undisturbed coastal width is required to support the diverse suites of habitats and species assemblages found in natural dune systems. Here, we investigate plant and habitat diversity in 614 plots along 47 sea-to-land transects in the southeastern USA and the Netherlands. We discover a linear relation between habitat diversity and species richness, indicating that species-rich dunes require diverse habitat assemblages. Moreover, we find that both plant and habitat diversity nonlinearly depend on coastal width, with cumulative plant diversity reaching ∼75% of its potential at 800 and 1,800 m widths in the southeastern USA and the Netherlands, respectively. Alarmingly, dune areas are narrower than these widths along 79% and 66% of southeastern USA and Dutch coastlines, highlighting that lack of space compromises biodiversity along the majority of coastlines. Finally, analyses of management measures along the transects reveal that strategic interventions can, at least in part, mitigate biodiversity losses from infrastructure encroachment. As coastal squeeze-i.e., combined losses from infrastructure and sea level rise-is a global phenomenon, our results suggest that it threatens biodiversity in dune ecosystems worldwide. We argue that the establishment or expansion of nature reserves may be vital for conserving wide dune systems and that targeted management measures can help maintain biodiversity where squeeze cannot be alleviated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateralized sleeping positions in domestic cats.","authors":"Sevim Isparta, Sebastian Ocklenburg, Marcello Siniscalchi, Charlotte Goursot, Catherine L Ryan, Tracy A Doucette, Patrick R Reinhardt, Reghan Gosse, Özge Şebnem Çıldır, Serenella d'Ingeo, Nadja Freund, Onur Güntürkün, Yasemin Salgirli Demirbas","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filamentous cheater phages drive bacterial and phage populations to lower fitness.","authors":"Nanami Kubota, Michelle R Scribner, Vaughn S Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many bacteria carry phage genome(s) in their chromosome, which intertwines the fitness of the bacterium and the phage. Most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains carry filamentous phages called Pf that establish chronic infections and do not require host lysis to spread. However, spontaneous mutations in the Pf repressor gene (pf5r) can allow extreme phage production that slows bacterial growth and increases cell death, violating an apparent détente between bacterium and phage. We observed this paradoxical outcome in an evolution experiment with P. aeruginosa in media simulating nutrients from the cystic fibrosis airway. Bacteria containing pf5r mutant phage grow to a lower density but directly outcompete their ancestor and convert them into pf5r mutants via phage superinfection. Reduced fitness therefore spreads throughout the bacterial population, driven by weaponized Pf. Yet, high intracellular phage replication facilitates another evolutionary conflict: \"cheater miniphages\" lacking capsid genes and the superinfection exclusion gene (pfsE) invade populations of full-length phages within cells. Although bacteria containing both full-length phages and miniphages become mostly immune to superinfection by limiting the Pf receptor, this hybrid vigor is extremely unstable; a classic \"tragedy of the commons\" scenario ensues that causes complete prophage loss. The entire cycle-from phage hyperactivation to miniphage invasion to prophage loss-can occur within 24 h, showcasing rapid coevolution between bacteria and their filamentous phages. This study demonstrates that P. aeruginosa, and potentially many other bacterial species that carry filamentous prophages, risk being exploited by these phages in a runaway process that reduces fitness of both host and virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-sea mining risks for sharks, rays, and chimaeras.","authors":"Aaron B Judah, Christopher G Mull, Nicholas K Dulvy, Brittany Finucci, Victoria E Assad, Jeffrey C Drazen","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep-sea mining is expected to cause disturbances of sufficient scale and intensity to pose a risk to biodiversity and ecosystem function.¹^,²^,³ We assess the potential impact of deep-sea mining on sharks, rays, and chimaeras in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) and identify 30 species (of the total 1,223 marine chondrichthyan species) that overlap spatially with the anticipated mining footprint, specifically through 2 pathways: benthic impacts from physical disturbance and the collector vehicle plume² and midwater impacts from the discharge plume.⁴ Most species' depth ranges (83%, 25/30, range: 3%-80%) overlapped vertically with the benthic mining footprint, while all species overlapped with discharge plume scenarios. Further, 17 of these species had >50% depth overlap with benthic impacts of at least one of the mineral types. Seven species were egg-laying, benthic, or benthopelagic, which increases their susceptibility to seabed impacts. Filter-feeding species also had high depth overlap with potential midwater discharge plumes. Nearly two-thirds (60%, 18/30) are already threatened with an elevated risk of extinction, and 64.3% are predicted to be threatened. Our analysis raises concerns that deep-sea mining would compound and worsen their extinction risk. We recommend updated risk assessments of significant adverse impacts to chondrichthyans; robust baseline monitoring prior to, during, and after mining; spatial protections near crust and sulfide mining; and that the discharge plume be set at a minimum depth below 2,000 m or at the seabed to minimize overlap with midwater species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolves and their prey all fear the human \"super predator\".","authors":"Katharina Kasper, Elise Say-Sallaz, Michael Clinchy, Noemi Pallari, Maciej Szewczyk, Marcin Churski, Paulina A Szafrańska, Monika Gehrke, Anna J Kirsch, Przemysław Dembek, Phillipa Bates, Jose M Vila López, Liana Y Zanette, Dries P J Kuijper","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fear in, and of, the \"big bad wolf\" dominates much of the public discourse on human-wildlife conflict and much recent research in large carnivore ecology.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; Global surveys show humans kill prey at much higher rates than other predators,&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; and recent experiments have demonstrated corresponding paramount fear of humans and resulting community-level impacts in diverse mammals.&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; Humans kill wolves at particularly high rates,&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;25&lt;/sup&gt; yet fear of humans in wolves and resulting community impacts remain experimentally untested.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; In the absence of experiments, greater wolf nocturnality where humans are present is invoked as indicating wolves fear humans,&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt; but alternative interpretations exist. We experimentally tested fear of humans in wolves and their ungulate prey and quantified their nocturnality in a representative human-dominated European landscape&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt; using automated camera-speakers broadcasting playbacks of humans, dogs, or non-predator controls (birds).&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt; Wolves and their prey all significantly feared humans. Wolves (n = 101 independent trials) and their prey (n = 225) were more than twice as likely to run (p = 0.004), and twice as fast to abandon the site (p &lt; 0.001), in response to humans compared with controls. Wolves and their prey were equivalently nocturnal, and were all significantly more nocturnal than humans (p &lt; 0.001). Our results experimentally verify that fear of humans traps wolves and their prey in the dark,&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt; thus corroborating the universality of wolves' fear of humans,&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt; and thereby help re-focus the discourse on human-wolf conflict from ostensibly fearless wolves&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; to human food subsidies better explaining why fearful wolves risk encounters with the human \"super predator.\"&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dissociation of physical salience and stimulus evaluation in the human midbrain.","authors":"Joana Carvalheiro, Paul McElhinney, Sarah Allwood-Spiers, Gavin Paterson, Shajan Gunamony, Marios G Philiastides","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain must detect and evaluate rewards amidst multiple stimuli to generate adaptive behavior. Physically salient stimuli draw greater attention, potentially influencing their subsequent evaluation. An influential framework proposes that rewards are processed through a two-component dopaminergic response: an early, value-agnostic salience signal, followed by a partially overlapping but temporally lagged signal reflecting stimulus evaluation. Yet, evidence for this framework in humans is lacking due to spatiotemporal limitations of neuroimaging methods. Using bespoke simultaneous 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-electroencephalogram (EEG) developments, we decoupled reward-anticipatory midbrain signals with distinct spatiotemporal profiles: an early signal in posterior substantia nigra (SN) consistent with physical salience, followed by a lagged signal in anterior SN and ventral tegmental area, likely reflecting evaluative processes such as value and/or motivational salience. We also demonstrate that the early physical salience signal enhances this later evaluative response, offering the first evidence of attention-guided reward processing in the human midbrain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of an indole-sensing chemoreceptor in Helicobacter pylori.","authors":"Xue Wang, Wenhao Xu, Fulian Yao, Shuangjiang Liu, Youming Zhang, Victor Sourjik, Shuangyu Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indole has recently been recognized as a ubiquitous interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule. However, the mechanisms underlying indole sensing in prokaryotes remain largely uncharacterized, and direct binding of indole to bacterial extracellular sensors has not been demonstrated. In this study, we show that the Helicobacter pylori chemoreceptor TlpA, which plays an important role in the host colonization by this gastric pathogen, binds indole and several related compounds, including menadione, through its dCache sensory domain. This binding occurs in the physiological range of indole concentrations and elicits a repellent response. The repellent response to indole mediated by the sensory domain of TlpA was also observed for the chimeric TlpA-Tar receptor in Escherichia coli. While ligands typically bind to the membrane-distal pocket of dCache domains, our structural and biochemical analyses demonstrate that indole binds to the membrane-proximal pocket of TlpA dCache. The TlpA-mediated negative chemotaxis of H. pylori correlates with the inhibitory effects of indole on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The dCache domain of TlpA thus represents a new high-affinity sensory module for indole and related compounds that may be widespread in bacteria and play an important role in the physiology and pathogenicity of H. pylori.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurogenesis-dependent transformation of hippocampal memory traces during systems consolidation.","authors":"Ali Golbabaei, Cesar A O Coelho, Mitchell L de Snoo, Antonietta De Cristofaro, Sheena A Josselyn, Paul W Frankland","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memories for events (i.e., episodic memories) change qualitatively with time. Systems consolidation theories posit that organizational changes accompany qualitative shifts in memory resolution, but they differ as to the locus of this reorganization. Whereas some theories favor inter-regional changes in organization (e.g., hippocampus → cortex; multiple trace theory), others favor intra-regional reorganization (e.g., within-hippocampus; trace transformation theory). Using an engram-tagging and manipulation approach in mice, we here provide evidence that intra-regional changes in organization underlie shifts in memory resolution. We establish that contextual fear memories lose resolution as a function of time, with mice exhibiting conditioned freezing in both the training apparatus (context A) and a second apparatus (context B) at more remote delays (i.e., freezing_A ≡ freezing_B at remote delay). By tagging either hippocampal (dentate gyrus) or cortical (prelimbic cortex) neuronal ensembles in context A, and then pairing their optogenetic activation with shock (in context C), we tracked time-dependent changes in the resolution of either \"context-only\" or \"context-shock\" engrams by testing mice in contexts A and B. Hippocampal context-only or context-shock engrams were initially high resolution (i.e., recent delay: freezing_A >> freezing_B) but lost resolution with time (i.e., remote delay: freezing_A ≡ freezing_B). In contrast, cortical context-only or context-shock engrams were initially low resolution and remained low resolution over time (i.e., recent and remote delay: freezing_A ≡ freezing_B). Transformation of hippocampal engrams was dependent on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Eliminating hippocampal neurogenesis arrested hippocampal engrams in a recent-like, high-resolution state in which mice continued to exhibit discriminative freezing at remote delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}