Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease最新文献

{"title":"Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnose the pulmonary infections caused by Aureobasidium melanogenum: A case report and review of the literature","authors":"Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengshuo Li ,&nbsp;Huan Lin ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aureobasidium melanogenum</em> (<em>A. melanogenum</em>) is a black-yeast-like fungus widely present in nature that rarely causes human infections. We report a case of pulmonary infection caused by <em>A. melanogenum</em> in a 60-year-old male farmer, who initially presented with severe paroxysmal coughing and right-sided chest pain and was initially misdiagnosed with tuberculosis or lung cancer. While sputum cultures were negative, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detected <em>A. melanogenum</em> in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which was confirmed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Susceptibility thresholds for <em>Aureobasidium</em> have not been established, and the optimal treatment requires further investigation. This case highlights that <em>A. melanogenum</em> infection should be considered even when lung lesions cannot be diagnosed by conventional methods. mNGS demonstrates potential advantages in detecting this pathogen, underscoring its value in diagnosing such rare fungal pulmonary infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145721694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam combination against carbapenem resistant Klebsiella spp., E.coli and Pseudomonas spp","authors":"Jannatul Nazerin Rubaiat,&nbsp;Sourav Debnath,&nbsp;Mukesh Sharma,&nbsp;Ahmed Abu Saleh,&nbsp;Shaheda Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) represents an escalating threat to global public health due to its resistance to last-resort of antibiotics. One potential treatment strategy to combat these resistant microorganisms is the combination therapy like ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam (ATM). The study evaluated the <em>in vitro</em> activity of the CZA-ATM combination against 156 CR-GNB including <em>Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>), and <em>Pseudomonas spp</em>. using E-strip disk diffusion, broth disk elution (BDE), and disk stacking plus micro-elution (DSE) method at the Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Bangladesh.</div><div>Among the 156 isolates, <em>Klebsiella spp.</em> was the most prevalent (62.8 %), followed by <em>Pseudomonas spp</em>. (30.1 %) and <em>E. coli</em> (7.1 %). Of these, 52.6 % (82/156) were identified as carbapenemases producers. The mCIM and eCIM methods identified 23 (28.1 %) as serine carbapenemases and 59 (71.9 %) as metallo β-lactamases (MBL) producers. Resistance rates for CZA and ATM were 74.4 % and 94.2 % respectively. The E-strip disk diffusion method showed susceptibility in 65.52 % of isolates, while the BDE and DSE methods demonstrated susceptibility in 54.31 % and 58.62 %, respectively. Resistance to the CZA-ATM combination was notably high in <em>Pseudomonas spp.</em>, likely due to non-carbapenemases mechanisms like efflux pump activity or porin mutations. Compared to the E-strip disk diffusion method, BDE method showed an agreement of 78.4 %, while DSE method exhibited an agreement of 89.7 %. The <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of the CZA-ATM combination highlights its potential as a therapeutic option for treating carbapenemase producing organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely ill COVID-19 patients","authors":"Rasha Mokhtar Elnagar ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Elhosiny ,&nbsp;Mohamed A Mamoun ,&nbsp;Nahla Anber ,&nbsp;Mervat Mashaly ,&nbsp;Mona A. Abd El-Raouf","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a serious invasive fungal infection impacting critically ill patients. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping clinical and radiographic features with severe COVID-19, and difficulty distinguishing true tissue invasion from transient <em>Aspergillus</em> colonization. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes of CAPA among ICU patients in Egypt, and to assess the diagnostic performance of serum B-D glucan (BDG) and galactomannan (GM) in diagnosing CAPA.</div><div>Methods: Seventy-nine COVID-19 ICU patients were enrolled. CAPA was defined using two widely recognized approaches: the ECMM/ISHAM consensus and modified AspICU criteria. Serum BDG and GM assays were used for diagnosis.</div><div>Results: Probable CAPA was observed in 12.7 % of patients, possible CAPA in 6.3 %, <em>Aspergillus</em> colonization in 12.7 %. Advanced age and prolonged ICU stay were risk factors in univariate analysis (<em>p</em> = 0.045 and 0.041, respectively) but were not significant in multivariate models (<em>p</em> = 0.703 and 0.257, respectively). Cancer significantly increased CAPA risk in both univariate (<em>p</em> = 0.035) and multivariate analyses (<em>p</em> = 0.043). Mortality was higher in CAPA patients (73.3 %) compared with non-CAPA patients (45.3 %). Serum BDG and GM demonstrated sensitivities of 66.7 % and specificities of 89.1 % and 93.8 %, respectively, which improved to 90-100 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity using the modified AspICU criteria (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div><div>Conclusion: Timely detection and precise diagnosis of CAPA in severely ill patients are essential to guide management and improve outcomes. Serum BDG and GM showed valuable diagnostic potential, particularly when used within established diagnostic algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145713194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical performance evaluation of the biofire SPOTFIRE respiratory and sore throat panel","authors":"Kerstin Locher ,&nbsp;Miriam Torchinsky ,&nbsp;Corrie Belanger ,&nbsp;Billie Velapatino ,&nbsp;Jonathan Gubay ,&nbsp;Claudine Desruisseaux ,&nbsp;Heather Glassman ,&nbsp;Suefay H. Liu ,&nbsp;Jasmine Ahmed-Bentley ,&nbsp;Anthony Lieu ,&nbsp;Jennifer Tat ,&nbsp;Aruna Uma Chandran ,&nbsp;Conor Broderick ,&nbsp;Marthe K. Charles","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new SPOTFIRE Respiratory/Sore Throat (R/ST) Panel, approved as a Point of Care Test (POCT), enables the detection of 15 respiratory pathogens from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) or throat swabs (TS) within 17 min. This study aimed to verify the performance of the assay.</div><div>A total of 28 NPS specimens (23 positive for 1 or 2 targets; 5 negative) and 37 TS (20 culture positive for <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> or <em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</em>; 17 culture negative) were analyzed. Results were compared to the BioFire respiratory panel 2.1 (RP2.1) for NPS and <em>S. pyogenes</em> and <em>S. dysgalactiae</em> culture for TS. Contrived TS were created to assess the detection of influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2, as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of the <em>Streptococcus</em> targets.</div><div>For NPS, the SPOTFIRE R menu demonstrated 100 % positive percent agreement (PPA) with reference results for all targets included, and 92-100 % negative percent agreement (NPA). The PPA and NPA for the detection of <em>S. pyogenes</em> and <em>S. dysgalactiae</em> from TS and culture were 100 %. All TS replicates at concentrations around the LoD for <em>S. pyogenes</em> and <em>S. dysgalactiae</em> yielded positive results. Data from this study suggest that influenza A/B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 are effectively detected from TS by the SPOTFIRE.</div><div>In conclusion, the SPOTFIRE R/ST Panel demonstrated high agreement with the reference methods for the detection of viral and bacterial targets from NPS and the detection of <em>S. pyogenes</em> and <em>S. dysgalactiae</em> from TS Additionally, prospective studies will be required to establish the clinical impact of ultra-rapid POCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of MRSA nasal swab screening and PCR in pneumonia treatment and antimicrobial stewardship: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yuri Castelo Branco Tanure ,&nbsp;Maria Julia Geranutti ,&nbsp;Simone de Souza Ventura ,&nbsp;Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento ,&nbsp;William Gustavo Lima ,&nbsp;Julio Cesar Moreira Brito","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitals, especially methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA), presents a major challenge in managing pneumonia, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care. Early exclusion of MRSA infection is vital for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy, as unnecessary or prolonged anti-MRSA treatment increases mortality, hospital stay, and adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for MRSA in de-escalating antibiotic therapy in hospitalized pneumonia patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational retrospective studies assessing the impact of nasal MRSA PCR screening in hospitalized pneumonia patients. Inclusion criteria focused on outcomes like therapy duration, acute kidney injury, hospital stay, and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies (1,649 patients) were included. Random-effects models showed a significant reduction in vancomycin duration (–0.98 days; 95 % confidence interval (CI) [−1.61, −0.59]) and a non-significant decrease in acute kidney injury (Odds ration (OR) 0.53; 95 % CI [0.26, 1.08]). No significant effect was observed for hospital stay (−0.20 days; 95 % CI [−0.85, 0.45]) or mortality (OR 0.68; 95 % CI [0.45–1.02]). The reduction in therapy was greater in non-community-acquired pneumonia subgroups (−1.55 <em>vs.</em> −0.68 days). However, most studies lacked consistent reporting on the timing of screening and subgroup analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nasal PCR screening for MRSA is a safe and effective tool to support antibiotic de-escalation in pneumonia, reducing vancomycin exposure and potentially improving outcomes. Further studies are needed to define optimal screening timing and evaluate its role across specific patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiological investigation of the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates in Okayama prefecture, Japan","authors":"Shuma Tsuji ,&nbsp;Shinnosuke Fukushima ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Gotoh ,&nbsp;Koji Iio ,&nbsp;Mayu Sato ,&nbsp;Yasurou Inoue ,&nbsp;Sayaka Sakita ,&nbsp;Tomoko Fudeyasu ,&nbsp;Fumio Otsuka ,&nbsp;Hideharu Hagiya","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the genetic characteristics of non-IMP type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates detected in Japan. The isolates were found to carry diverse plasmids with high sequence similarity to those previously reported in other countries, underscoring the critical imperative for comprehensive nationwide epidemiological surveillance for the silent pandemic of the nightmare pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method comparison of QIAGEN QuantiFERON-TB gold plus ELISA and LIAISON® QuantiFERON-TB gold plus for latent tuberculosis infection detection in pregnant ugandan women","authors":"Felix Bongomin ,&nbsp;Diana Sitenda ,&nbsp;Phillip Ssekamatte ,&nbsp;Bwambale Jonani ,&nbsp;Joseph Baruch Baluku ,&nbsp;Irene Andia-Biraro","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The DiaSorin LIAISON® QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test offers automation advantages over the standard QIAGEN ELISA; however, data comparing the two methods in pregnant women are lacking. We assessed the categorical and quantitative agreement between these interferon-gamma release assay platforms for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) detection in a cohort of pregnant women in Uganda.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional diagnostic comparison, 261 pregnant women were enrolled at Kawempe National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda (September–December 2020). Plasma samples were initially tested with QIAGEN ELISA (QFT-ELISA) in 2021, stored at −80°C, and retested in 2025 with both LIAISON® chemiluminescent immunoassay (QFT-CLIA) and QFT-ELISA. Agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa, Bland-Altman analysis, and Deming regression analyses. Stability over four years was evaluated using weighted kappa and transition analyses. Subgroup analyses examined agreement by HIV status and trimester</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 261 enrolled participants, 231 samples (88.5 %) remained viable after four years storage. Overall agreement between QFT-CLIA and QFT-ELISA in 2025 was 90.5 % (Cohen's Kappa 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.75-0.89). Bland-Altman analysis showed minimal systematic bias (mean difference for TB1-Nil: +0.046 IU/mL, <em>p</em> = 0.608, TB2 Nil: +0.0776 IU/mL, <em>p</em> = 0.3175), and Deming regression confirmed linearity (slope, 0.94-0.96). Among the 187 samples that remained QFT-stable between 2021 and 2025, the agreement improved to 98.4 % (kappa 0.97; 95 % CI: 0.94-1.00), with category-specific agreement of 93.6 %, 97.5 %, and 100 % for positive, negative, and indeterminate results, respectively. Four-year stability varied according to baseline classification: 57.1 % for positive samples, 97.5 % for negative samples, and 75.0 % for indeterminate samples. Agreement was similar between HIV-positive (84.6 %, Kappa 0.76) and HIV-negative participants (90.8 %, Kappa 0.82; <em>p</em> = 0.357).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The LIAISON® platform demonstrated excellent agreement with the QIAGEN ELISA for LTBI detection during pregnancy, particularly when storage effects were minimized. Long-term cryopreservation disproportionately affects positive samples. The automation of the LIAISON® platform supports high-throughput implementation in antenatal care settings; however, fresh sample testing should be prioritized for clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bacterial co-infections and antibiotic resistance patterns in confirmed and non-tuberculosis patients presenting with presumptive pulmonary TB symptoms in a Nigerian tertiary hospital","authors":"Innocent Attah ,&nbsp;Jonah Danladi ,&nbsp;Sarah Nuhu Kase ,&nbsp;Amaechi Dennis ,&nbsp;Garba Ninani ,&nbsp;Sunday Ayuba Buru ,&nbsp;Jesse Joseph Chock ,&nbsp;Haruna Danlami Sambo ,&nbsp;Jamilah Ibrahim Suleiman ,&nbsp;Mercy Kure ,&nbsp;Christy Chinyere Fredrick","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) often harbor other bacterial pathogens that contribute to respiratory illness. However, the frequency, clinical relevance, and antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacterial co-infections are not well characterized, particularly in settings with high TB burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The sample size consisted of 220 participants from which sputum were obtained. The samples were analysed for TB using Ziehl-Nelseen staining, while the presence of co-infection and the associated organism was determined using Gram staining, culture, and biochemical test. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was performed using the disc diffusion method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identifies differences in the prevalence and diversity of bacterial co-infections between TB-positive and TB-negative patients. Resistance patterns also varied across groups, with certain pathogens showing higher levels of multidrug resistance in one group compared to the otherThe overall prevalence of TB was 23.2 %. TB prevalence was significantly (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) higher among those 60-69 years (42.9 %) and males (30.4 %). The prevalence of bacterial co-infection with TB was 78.4 % and <em>Staphylococcus species</em> was the most common agent (37.3 %). Non-mycobacterial organisms were detected from 64.5 % of those without tuberculosis and <em>Streptococcus</em> was the most common agent (32.5 %). Meropenem and ampicillin were the most and least effective antibiotics respectively with the bacterial isolates showing variable susceptibility to the various antibiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bacterial co-infections are common among patients suspected of having pulmonary TB, and their resistance profiles differ between TB-confirmed and non-TB patients. These findings highlight the need for routine bacterial screening and tailored antibiotic therapy in managing respiratory infections in TB-endemic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory virus infections in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients","authors":"Blanca Lopez-Villalba ,&nbsp;Fernando Tortosa ,&nbsp;Javier Castrodeza-Sanz ,&nbsp;Camino Prada ,&nbsp;Omar Sued","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among people living with HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of respiratory virus infections on clinical outcomes in HIV-positive individuals compared with HIV-negative individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies comparing HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals infected with common respiratory viruses (excluding SARS-CoV-2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HIV-positive individuals had significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and antibiotic use at admission. No significant differences were observed in intensive care unit admission, initial hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or oxygen therapy. The most severe outcomes were associated with adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza. The certainty of evidence was moderate but limited by study heterogeneity and risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore the need for improved diagnostic tools, infection control strategies, and tailored clinical management for HIV-positive populations. Further prospective, multicenter studies are essential to inform evidence-based guidelines in both high- and low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complimentary performance of sonication compared to an enhanced method of tissue processing in periprosthetic joint infections","authors":"Eoin Wallace,&nbsp;Manjula Meda,&nbsp;Catherine Laughlin,&nbsp;Seb Sturridge,&nbsp;Hayat Khan,&nbsp;Reza Mansouri,&nbsp;Richard Hargrove,&nbsp;Graham Smith,&nbsp;Zuhair Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This retrospective single-centre study compares an enhanced periprosthetic tissue (PPT) culture method developed in our laboratory to sonication over a five-year period (2020–2024) to evaluate the advantages of each method and determine when explanted prostheses should be sent for sonication.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed 686 PPT and 169 sonication samples from 164 patients with suspected periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) at the Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, comparing an enhanced method of processing PPT and sonication. PJI diagnosis was based on EBJIS criteria and MDT discussion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sonication demonstrated high sensitivity (95.7 %), specificity (91.92 %), and positive &amp; negative predictive values (92.21 % &amp; 95.55 % respectively). On the other hand, PPT cultures showed a sensitivity of 83.58 %, specificity of 87.062 %, and positive &amp; negative predictive values of 86.59 % &amp; 84.13 % respectively). However, sonication cultures showed higher contamination rates (mean 5.3 % vs 2.8 % for PPT), which declined over time. In 15 of 70 patient episode (21.4 %) results of PPT and sonication cultures were complimentary. With a pre-test PJI probability of 50 %, sonication yielded post-test probabilities of 92 % for positive results and 5 % for negative results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both sonication and enhanced PPT culture play vital roles in diagnosing PJI. When laboratory processes are monitored, improvements can be made with contamination rates. A multimodal diagnostic approach incorporating both methods and clinical context optimises accuracy, particularly in patients with moderate to high pre-test probability in the diagnosis of PJI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 3","pages":"Article 117229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}