Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR-based molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2, its emerging variants, and diverse pathogens","authors":"Saleem Anwar,&nbsp;Sufia Khan,&nbsp;Iqbal Azmi,&nbsp;Khursheed Ul Islam,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmad,&nbsp;Jawed Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathogenic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2), continue to pose a significant threat to human civilization. The lessons learnt from SCoV-2 infections have highlighted the requirement for robust and readily available diagnostic tools in order to limit the virus transmission and prevent future pandemics such as COVID-19. RT-qPCR-based detection is routinely used for sensitive and accurate diagnosis, which requires a sophisticated instrument, laboratory setup, and technical expertise. Though RT-qPCR is highly reliable and considered the gold standard for pathogen detection, it is costly, time-consuming, and unaffordable for the masses. Therefore, other reliable methods for nucleic acid-based detection with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy on-par with RT-qPCR are required. Recent advancement in CRISPR technology promises its development as a POC testing device, providing a high-end, instrument-free, portable, and cost-effective workflow. Further, COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the development of next-generation CRISPR-based diagnostics with a provision for home-testing which has resulted in the development of portable and smart-phone integrated hand-held devices which can detect various pathogenic infections in a shorter time frame than RT-qPCR. For diagnosing the presence of SCoV-2, CRISPR-based diagnostics (SHERLOCK/DETECTR) are quicker (30–60 min), less expensive ($5–15/test), and portable than RT-qPCR (90–180 min; $10–50/test) demonstrating equivalent specificity (100%) and near-equivalent sensitivity (93-100% for CRISPR-based diagnostics vs 95-100% for RT-qPCR). For high-sensitivity centralized testing, RT-qPCR is still the gold standard, but CRISPR works well in point-of-care settings because it requires little equipment (like lateral flow strips or heating blocks) and allows multiplexing. CRISPR-based diagnostics breakthrough platform like CARMEN leverages microfluidic technology to test 5,000 plus samples in a single run, unlike RT-qPCR, which requires separate reactions for each target.In this review, the advancement in CRISPR technology such as SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and other Cas-9-based diagnostics are highlighted which exclusively focuses on the CRISPR-based diagnostics to detect SCoV-2 and its emerging VOCs, highlighting their advantages and limitations compared to the gold-standard RT-qPCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in implants related infections: Pathogens profiling and implants susceptibility","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Habib ,&nbsp;Naseer Ali Shah ,&nbsp;Afreenish Amir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical implant-associated infections are becoming increasingly hazardous because of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study examined the burden of infectious medical implants (IMI), the possibility of biofilm generation, and the relationship between the type of implant material. A total of 135 infectious samples from medical implants were collected for this study. Matrix-assisted laser desorption Ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) was used to identify bacterial isolates. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution were used to test antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm potential was determined using a microtitre plate assay. The most prevalent pathogen was <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (n=50, 37%), followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (n=42, 31.1%) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (n=21, 15.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling showed MDR (n=89, 66%), XDR (n=13, 7%), PDR (n=2, 4%), and sensitive isolates (n=31,23%). The biofilm assay showed 66 (49%) strong, 46 (33%) moderate, and 23 (18%) weak biofilm producers, respectively. The strongest biofilms were found on the interlocking nails of the tibia and orthopaedic staples. A higher biofilm potential has been reported for stainless-steel implants. Binary logistic regression revealed that <em>A. baumannii</em> and stainless steel implants were significant predictors of strong biofilm formation. Similarly, <em>E. coli</em> and orthopedic staples were independently associated with multidrug resistance. <em>Enterobacter hormaechie subsp. Oharae</em> and <em>Gemella haemolysans</em> were reported first time in Pakistan among implants related infections. This study highlights the need for health professionals and policymakers to address concerns regarding implant-associated infections and alternative therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of CRISPR-based tuberculosis diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and innowave DX MTB/RIF across diverse tuberculosis patient populations","authors":"Xike Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Peng ,&nbsp;Mohan Huang ,&nbsp;Tian He ,&nbsp;Junjie Lu ,&nbsp;Hao Pei ,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays across diverse tuberculosis patient populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case-control study was conducted on hospitalized patients with suspected tuberculosis from June 2023 to September 2023. The study population was stratified by age, gender, and comorbidity status. Participants underwent testing with CRISPR-based diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays. Mycobacterial culture served as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate, and false negative rate were calculated for each test across strata. Diagnostic performance was compared using Chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study included 187 patients, with 114 testing positive for TB. CRISPR diagnostics exhibited the highest sensitivity (0.660) across all tests, while GeneXpert MTB/RIF demonstrated perfect specificity (0.986). Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.576 and 0.984. Notably, CRISPR diagnostics outperformed other tests in accuracy (0.798) among elderly patients, while maintaining robust diagnostic efficacy across gender and comorbidity groups. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in sensitivity and specificity among age groups (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0.8), nor any significant effect of gender or comorbid conditions on diagnostic performance (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CRISPR-based diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, and Innowave DX MTB/RIF assays demonstrate high diagnostic utility across diverse TB patient populations. CRISPR diagnostics show promising sensitivity and accuracy, suggesting significant potential for TB diagnosis. Their performance remains consistent regardless of age, gender, or comorbidities, supporting broad clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidiasis: a novel molecular differential diagnosis through real-time PCR followed by high-resolution thermal denaturation","authors":"Candela Yael Schatz ,&nbsp;Constanza Giselle Taverna ,&nbsp;Nicolás Refojo ,&nbsp;Daniel Corach ,&nbsp;Andrea Sala ,&nbsp;Mariela Caputo","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive infections caused by <em>Candida</em> species, especially in immunocompromised patients, are a growing global health concern due to high mortality rates and increasing antifungal resistance. Rapid and accurate identification of the etiological agent is essential for timely and appropriate treatment. In this study, we developed a one-hour multiplex real-time PCR assay coupled with high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) for the simultaneous identification of <em>Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis</em> and <em>Candida auris</em>, using five specifically designed primers and the intercalary dye Syto9. The assay demonstrated species-specific melting profiles: 80.6 °C for <em>C. albicans</em>, 84.3 °C for <em>C. parapsilosis</em>, and 82.9 °C for <em>C. auris</em>, with no cross-reactivity except among species within the <em>C. parapsilosis</em> complex. Analytical sensitivity was evaluated using simulated blood cultures and achieved detection limits of 1000, 200, and 20 CFU/PCR for <em>C. albicans, C. parapsilosis</em>, and <em>C. auris</em>, respectively. This assay is a cost-effective, rapid, and specific method for early detection of key <em>Candida</em> species in bloodstream infections, ideal for clinical laboratories in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 1","pages":"Article 117058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neisseria macacae infective endocarditis: first case report in China","authors":"Yanjun Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Yang,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><strong>:</strong> <em>Neisseria macacae</em> is a gram‑negative diplococcus rarely implicated in human disease.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div><strong>:</strong> We report a case of infective endocarditis in a 60-year-old male with intermittent fever. Physical examination revealed a systolic murmur. Laboratory tests showed significant inflammation. Cardiac ultrasound demonstrated a tricuspid valve vegetation. Blood cultures were positive for <em>N. macacae</em>, identified using VITEK 2 COMPACT, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The bacterium was susceptible to ceftriaxone and meropenem. Initial treatment with meropenem, followed by the addition of ceftriaxone after pathogen identification and susceptibility testing, led to significant improvement in inflammatory markers. Subsequent tricuspid valve surgery was successful.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><strong>:</strong> This case highlights the need to consider <em>N. macacae</em> in unexplained fever or infective endocarditis and underscores the value of advanced microbiological identification techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue encephalitis: A case highlighting neurological complications and diagnostic challenges","authors":"Haripriya Sivakumar ,&nbsp;K. Sultan Basha ,&nbsp;Balamurugesan Kandan ,&nbsp;Subathra Adithan ,&nbsp;Rahul Dhodapkar ,&nbsp;Ferdinamarie Sharmila Philomenadin ,&nbsp;Ratchagadasse Vimal Raj ,&nbsp;Nivedha Devanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes a female in her 20 s who developed dengue encephalitis, presenting with fever, headache, vomiting and altered sensorium progressing to encephalopathy. Initial tests revealed elevated white blood cells, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzyme abnormalities. On day 2 of illness, The patient tested positive for dengue NS1 antigen and CSF PCR for DENV-2. Imaging showed bilateral thalamic oedema, later progressing to haemorrhage and diffuse cerebral oedema. Despite supportive care, her condition rapidly worsened, leading to death on day 7 of illness. The case highlights the challenges in diagnosing dengue encephalitis, particularly in the absence of definitive serological markers. It underscores the need for early detection, supportive care, and advanced diagnostic techniques in managing severe dengue cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotic arthritis of the knee caused by Arthrographis kalrae in an immunocompetent child: A case report and litterature review","authors":"C. Lemaigre ,&nbsp;J. Cros-Labrit ,&nbsp;F. Yaouanc ,&nbsp;G. Masse ,&nbsp;T. Pasdeloup ,&nbsp;J. Violette ,&nbsp;M. Meligne ,&nbsp;E. Deffois ,&nbsp;A. Meygret","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the first described case of <em>Arthrographis kalrae</em> knee joint infection in an immunocompetent child previously healthy following a penetrating injury. <em>Arthrographis kalrae</em> is an uncommon etiology in clinical fungal infections. The child was diagnosed with <em>Arthrographis kalrae</em> infection through joint fluid culture in enriched media to the the Saintes Hospital Center and sequencing of the ITS1-ITS4 regions from the colonies obtained at the Poitiers University Hospital. After anterior synovectomy and three revisions for surgical washout, the child was treated by liposomal amphotericin B for 5 days and voriconazole for 6 months. The treatment was well tolerated, although phototoxicity was noted as a side effect of voriconazole. No relapse occurred six months after the cessation of treatment, and the patient was deemed cured. A review of cases in the literature indicates that <em>A. klarae</em> infections can occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, often following trauma or the presence of implanted materials. The most commonly affected sites are the eyes (36 %), lungs (18 %) and joints (14 %). Management typically involves a combination of antifungal treatments and surgical interventions in 55 % of case. Prognosis depending on the site and extent of the infection, but is often poor, with complete recovery achieved in only 50 % of reported cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Syncephalastrum species, an unusual Mucorales- from a case of acute gangrenous cholecystitis in an immunocompetent adult","authors":"V. Mullai ,&nbsp;C․S Sripriya ,&nbsp;M. Sharmal Kumar ,&nbsp;D. Devendiren ,&nbsp;V. Ishwarya ,&nbsp;M. Shobana","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Syncephalastrum</em> species belonging to the order mucorales are predominantly associated with onychomycosis, cutaneous infections and rhino-orbital mucormycosis. The surge of syncephalstrum causing invasive infections in immunocompromised patients has been reported in widely separated locations. This case report documents the isolation of <em>Syncephalastrum</em> from acute gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) in a young immunocompetent individual, an uncommon presentation that underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and diagnostic precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of EDTA-CarbaNP-direct test for the detection of metallo-β-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Hanife Tutan ,&nbsp;Bilge Mazlumoğlu ,&nbsp;Zeynep Çizmeci ,&nbsp;Zuhal Kalaycı Çekin ,&nbsp;Füsun Cömert ,&nbsp;Elif Seren Tanrıverdi ,&nbsp;Elif Aktaş","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>WHO has included carbapenem-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (CR-Pa) in the high priority pathogens list. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is one of the limited treatment options in CR-Pa infections. Early detection of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) is important because CZA is not effective against MBL-producing isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To modify the CarbaNP-direct test (CNPdt) with EDTA and evaluate its use in MBL detection and prediction of CZA resistance CR-Pa isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>398 CR-Pa isolates from five centres in Türkiye were included. Susceptibility tests were done using EUCAST criteria. The isolates were tested for <em>bla</em>_VIM, <em>bla</em>_IMP, <em>bla</em>_NDM, <em>bla</em>_OXA-48, <em>bla</em>_KPC and <em>bla</em>_GES genes using Biospeedy Carbapenem-Resistance qPCR kit and GES Antibiotic-Resistance kit (Bioeksen, Türkiye). We modified CNPdt described by Pasteran <em>et al</em>. by adding a third tube with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The isolates with carbapenemase genes were subjected to CNPdt and EDTA-CNPdt. EDTA-CNPdt was considered positive if the tube without EDTA turned yellow while the tube with EDTA remained red and negative if both tubes turned yellow (Fig. 1).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Carbapenemase genes were detected in 55 (13.8 %) of the isolates. CNPdt was positive in 31 of the isolates. Of the 31 isolates, 23 were positive for EDTA-CNPdt. All of these 23 isolates were MBL producers and resistant to CZA. PCR, CNPdt, EDTA-CNPdt and CZA susceptibility test results are shown in Table 2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The positivity of CNPdt in CR-Pa is limited, but EDTA-CNPdt detected 100 % of MBL-producing isolates when CNPdt was positive. This test can be used for MBL detection and prediction of CZA resistance in CNPdt positive isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 4","pages":"Article 117056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and biological features of avian influenza virus subtype H10N5 in environmental samples related to a case of dual infection by H10N5 and H3N2","authors":"Junling Yu ,&nbsp;Mengyao Kong ,&nbsp;Haoxiang Bai ,&nbsp;Weixi Fang ,&nbsp;Xue Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanrong Luo ,&nbsp;Hongya Gui ,&nbsp;Ping Huang ,&nbsp;Yuhe Cao ,&nbsp;Jiabing Wu ,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2023, the first case of dual infection with H10N5 avian influenza virus and seasonal H3N2 influenza virus in humans was reported in Anhui Province, China, marking the first documented cross-species infection of this subtype in humans. This study utilized 1625 H10 genomic sequences to delineate the origin, transmission, and reassortment of the virus. The bayesian evolutionary analysis shows that the virus belongs to a subclade of the H10 North America lineage, which was transmitted into Asia between 2015 and 2017. Reassortment analysis implies that the virus originated from an H10Nx ancestor and obtained the NA gene in Asia from A/duck/Bangladesh/WF-506/2024-like H7N5 donor between 2018 and 2021. Molecular characterization reveals that the HA gene cleavage site of the H10 subtype avian influenza virus infecting humans contains only a single basic amino acid, which is a hallmark of low-pathogenicity viruses. Growth competition assays demonstrate that the H10N5 subtype avian influenza virus exhibits rapid proliferation and sustained high replication capacity in chicken embryos. Additionally, recombinant avian α-interferon (rChIFN-α) exerts relatively weaker inhibitory effects on the proliferation of the H10N5 subtype avian influenza virus in chicken embryos compared with the H9N2 and H6N6 subtypes. The underlying mechanisms of its action require further investigation. Given that the H10 subtype belongs to avian influenza viruses, it has a high affinity for NeuAcα2,3 Gal receptors. These findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance of the H10N5 subtype avian influenza virus to guard against potential public health risks associated with its potential mutations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"114 1","pages":"Article 117032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}