Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Development of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of influenza A, B, C, and D viruses\" [Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 95 (2019) 59-66].","authors":"Hewei Zhang, Yin Wang, Elizabeth Porter, Nanyan Lu, Yanhua Li, Fangfeng Yuan, Molly Lohman, Lance Noll, Wanglong Zheng, Colin Stoy, Yuekun Lang, Victor C Huber, Wenjun Ma, Lalitha Peddireddi, Ying Fang, Jishu Shi, Gary Anderson, Xuming Liu, Jianfa Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":" ","pages":"117622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical analysis of HIV co-infection with Talaromyces marneffei complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome.","authors":"Chun-Yan Zhao, Chang Song, Qing-Dong Zhu, Ai-Chun Huang, Tuo Lao, Xiao-Shi Lin, Zhen-Tao Huang, Xue-Wen Huang, Zhou-Hua Xie, Qiu-Qing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and prognosis of patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and disseminated Talaromyces marneffei (TM), complicated by Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), with the aim of improving early recognition and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three adult inpatients diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), TM infection, and HLH between January 2020 and December 2025 at the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning were enrolled in this study. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging results, and treatment outcomes were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three patients (2 males, 1 female) presented with multi-system involvement. Common symptoms included fever, cough, and anemia. All cases met five core diagnostic criteria for HLH. Laboratory tests indicated pancytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, and multi-organ dysfunction. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed pulmonary infiltrates, lymphadenopathy, and serous cavity effusions in all patients. Treatment consisted of antifungal therapy with amphotericin B combined with itraconazole, and all patients received corticosteroids for HLH management. Two patients improved and were discharged, while one died due to poor baseline condition and multi-organ failure. Hospitalization duration ranged from 23 to 144 days, with no significant adverse drug reactions observed during treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical manifestations of HIV co-infected with TM and HLH may be atypical. Diagnosis should focus on key indicators such as fever, cytopenia, and hyperferritinemia, with prompt bone marrow examination. Effective treatment requires potent antifungal agents, tailored immunosuppressive therapy, and enhanced organ support.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"117 1","pages":"117633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid molecular detection, prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital tract specimens: a study at a district general hospital in China.","authors":"Lihong Zhao, Yuanyuan Jiang, Yulong Zong, Ruiying Li, Hui Zhang, Cheng Liu, Zhe Li, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum, UU) infection in the genital tract can induce severe complications of adverse pregnancy outcomes and infertility. Therefore, the current study aimed to apply and evaluate a rapid SAT method for detecting U. urealyticum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 2,728 outpatients with genitourinary complaints. The inclusion criteria were: (1) presence of genitourinary symptoms, and (2) no antibiotic therapy within the 72 h preceding sample collection. Firstly, U. urealyticum identified by culture underwent broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Secondly, a total of 305 UU-positive and 301 UU-negative controls were randomly selected for assessing the sensitivity and specificity of the SAT method. Finally, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of the SAT method with those of real-time fluorescence qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2,728 samples tested, 1,158 (42.45%) were positive for U. urealyticum by culture assay. The resistance rates against MIN, DOX, JOS, CLA, ROX, AZI, LEV, OFL, and SPA were 1.38%, 2.07%, 5.44%, 12.18%, 17.74%, 17.70%, 16.23%, 27.03%. and 21.59%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the SAT method were 96.39% and 99.00%, respectively. Compared to the real-time fluorescence qPCR, no statistically significant difference was observed in either sensitivity (96.39% vs 96.72%; χ² = 0.0493, p = 0.8243) or specificity (99.00% vs 99.67%; χ² = 0.2517, p = 0.6159).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although SAT is not superior to qPCR in sensitivity or specificity, it offers comparable performance, along with rapid detection and potential cost-effectiveness. Therefore, SAT represents a promising diagnostic alternative, particularly for rapid detection of U. urealyticum infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"116 4","pages":"117626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult: a case report distinguishing sarcoidosis from histoplasmosis.","authors":"Andrew Hanchosky, Paolo Cuculicchio, Iqra Effendi, Krisalyn Swayze","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distinguishing between histoplasmosis and sarcoidosis can be challenging as both can present with non-specific clinical findings. We present a 73-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian male who was recently diagnosed with sarcoidosis via left upper lobe biopsy who presented with lethargy and poor oral intake. The patient was found to have fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated inflammatory markers. After bone marrow biopsy, he was diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and a dexamethasone taper followed by itraconazole for 1 year. After the patient was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis, his original diagnosis of sarcoidosis was reconsidered. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a rare cause of secondary HLH in an immunocompetent adult. This case highlights the difficulties distinguishing between histoplasmosis and other causes of granulomatous disease and identifies histoplasmosis as a rare cause of HLH.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"116 4","pages":"117632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-assisted tuberculosis smear microscopy in a low-incidence hospital laboratory yields incremental diagnostic improvement alongside measurable workflow efficiency.","authors":"Claudia Lang, Claudio Neidhöfer, Peter M Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AI-assisted digital microscopy has been proposed to augment acid-fast bacilli smear interpretation, but its performance in low-incidence laboratory settings is uncertain. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy, grading concordance, reproducibility, and workflow implications of AI-assisted fluorescence microscopy in routine mycobacteriology of such a setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective single-centre implementation study (November-December 2023), 284 consecutive routine specimens were analyzed in parallel by manual microscopy and an AI-enabled digital system. Fully automated output and machine-assisted interpretation were compared with mycobacterial culture as reference. Digital grading thresholds were recalibrated using whole-slide quantitative ranges and optimized probability cutoffs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 283 evaluable specimens, 15 (5.3%) were culture positive. Manual microscopy showed 40.0% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. Fully automated output achieved 93.0% sensitivity but only 26.5% specificity. Machine-assisted interpretation yielded 53.3% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity. Application of a ≥92% probability cutoff increased exact grading agreement from 24% to 59% and eliminated major category deviations. Digital analysis showed high repeatability (96% identical results across repeated runs), whereas manual grading demonstrated inter-reader variability. Digital microscopy reduced hands-on time but increased total time-to-result due to computational processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a low-incidence hospital laboratory, AI-assisted digital microscopy was technically feasible when deployed in a supervised configuration. Diagnostic performance improved only modestly compared with manual microscopy, whereas reproducibility and hands-on time were favorably affected. Implementation required substantial technical adaptation and resource investment, indicating that digital microscopy offers incremental standardization and workflow benefits rather than transformative gains in diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"117 1","pages":"117623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Xpert Clostridioides difficile BT Assay using FecalSwab stool samples.","authors":"Simon Michaelis, Julia Stocker, Christopher Schneider, Wolfgang J Schnedl, Andreas Baranyi, Dietmar Enko","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The molecular detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections mostly relies on the use of unpreserved stool specimens. However, recently the feasibility of sampling systems for stool pathogen detection comprising flocked swabs and preservation media has been highlighted. Hence, we evaluated the Copan FecalSwab stool sampling systems for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile by the Cepheid Xpert C. difficile BT PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unpreserved stool samples from patients with suspected toxigenic C. difficile infections were tested for C. difficile using the Xpert C. diff BT PCR assay on a Cepheid GeneXpert IV device (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). In parallel, from this stool sample a flocked swab sample was taken and transferred into a FecalSwab preservation tube. Subsequently, 400 µL of the preservation media was utilized for performing the Xpert C. difficile BT PCR. From the same FecalSwab sample an immunological rapid test for the detection of C. difficile (C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE, Techlab, Blacksburg, VA, USA) was performed, representing the current analytical standard in our hospital. The qualitative results of all tests and the cycle threshold (Ct) values from the PCR runs were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fortytwo unpreserved stool samples were included, of whom 16 were positive for toxigenic C. difficile. Fifteen were also detected positive using the FecalSwabs. Hence, the qualitative agreement was almost perfect (Cohen's kappa 0.949, p < 0.001). The Ct values compared between the sampling materials correlated well (Spearman's Rho 0.893, p < 0.001). However, in comparison the median Ct value obtained from the unpreserved stool samples was lower (23.6 versus 25.6). A median Ct value difference of 1.3 was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FecalSwab is suitable for preanalytical stool collection for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile with the Xpert C. difficile PCR test. However, to reach optimal sensitivity the preanalytical processing may need further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"116 4","pages":"117625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal carriage with carbapenem-resistant organisms, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Clostridioides difficile: insights from a point-prevalence survey in a high-endemic setting.","authors":"Polyxeni Karakosta, Eleni Kalogeropoulou, Sofia Damianidou, Panagiota Christina Georgiou, Alexandra Vasilakopoulou, Georgios Alexandros Baziotis, Aphrodite Demetriou, Anastasios Ioannidis, Maria Siopi, Ismini Kliani, Maria Kostoula, Eleni Poulianou, Emanuela Cakaj, Maria Tsakona, Konstantinos Thomas, Pinelopi Kazakou, Dimitra Kavatha, Joseph Meletiadis, Antonios Papadopoulos, Sotiris Tsiodras, Spyros Pournaras","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rectal carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and Clostridioides difficile contributes to hospital transmission, yet data from high-endemic settings remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a point-prevalence survey in October 2024 among 424 adult inpatients at a Greek university hospital. Rectal swabs were screened for carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and C. difficile using molecular and culture methods. Participants were followed until discharge or death to assess clinical outcomes. Associations were evaluated using multivariable regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence was 19.8% for CROs, 35.6% for VRE, and 9.9% for asymptomatic C. difficile. Among CRO carriers, Enterobacterales predominated (13.4%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5.4%), with KPC- and NDM-type carbapenemases most frequently detected. Twenty patients carried multiple carbapenemase genes. VRE isolates were almost exclusively Enterococcus faecium with VanA phenotype. CRO and VRE carriage were associated with prolonged hospitalization (CRO: β-coef: 21.52 days, 95% CI: 8.82-34.22; VRE: β-coef: 21.37, 95% CI: 10.57-32.18). CRO carriage was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.22-5.11) and CRO bloodstream infection (OR: 9.77, 95% CI: 1.60-58.03). Asymptomatic C. difficile carriage was linked to higher in-hospital mortality (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.40-10.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rectal MDRO and C. difficile carriage is common in high-endemic hospital settings and associated with adverse clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted surveillance, infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"116 4","pages":"117557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 3α and β field isolates","authors":"Nargis Shaheen ,&nbsp;Asma Ashraf ,&nbsp;Nida Malik ,&nbsp;Muneeba Naeem ,&nbsp;Ismail Zeb ,&nbsp;Ghulam Nabi ,&nbsp;Maher S. Alwethaynani ,&nbsp;Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed ,&nbsp;Manal F. Elkhadragy ,&nbsp;Nawal Al-Hoshani","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Plasmodium</em> parasites are the causative agents of a life-threatening malaria disease, causing a substantial economic loss to the health sectors on a global scale, especially in Pakistan, due to the presence of <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> and <em>Plasmodium falciparum.</em> However, <em>P. vivax</em> is highly prevalent and responsible for approximately 75% malaria infection with limited reports on its genetic diversity. The current study analyzed the genetic diversity of the <em>P. vivax</em> merozoite surface protein 3α and 3β (Pvmsp-3α and β) gene in field isolates of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) from Pakistan. Blood samples (<em>n</em> = 207) were collected from malaria-suspected patients in health care sectors between March and August 2024 for microscopy and DNA extraction. A nested PCR was performed targeting the Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genes, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using AluI and PstI restriction enzymes. All microscopically examined samples were positive (207). Among them, PCR assay detected <em>P. vivax</em> in 188/207 (90.82%) samples and <em>P. falciparum</em> in 19/207 (9.18%) samples. Of the PCR-confirmed <em>P. vivax</em> samples, 98/188 (52.13%) and 90/188 (47.87%) were Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β amplified fragments, showing three and two major allelic variants, respectively. In Pvmsp-3α, the allelic distribution was type A (65/98, 66.33%), type B (11/98, 11.22%), and type C (13/98, 13.27%). Similarly, the allelic frequencies of Pvmsp-3β for type A and B were 69/90 (76.67%) and 21/90 (23.33%), respectively. This exploration of the <em>P. vivax</em> genotypic diversity from AJK is a major contribution to the demonstration of its complexity and polymorphism. The outcomes of the present findings are helpful in understanding the molecular epidemiology of <em>P. vivax</em> and exploring mixed genotype infection for control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"115 3","pages":"Article 117352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the cefazolin inoculum effect in blood culture-isolated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains: A Japanese multicenter study","authors":"Shinnosuke Fukushima ,&nbsp;Shuma Tsuji ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Gotoh ,&nbsp;Koji Iio ,&nbsp;Sakura Ogawa ,&nbsp;Norihito Koyanagi ,&nbsp;Yuji Ito ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Koganemaru ,&nbsp;Atsushi Yoshida ,&nbsp;Hideharu Hagiya","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cefazolin inoculum effect (CInE) is a microbiological phenomenon where the MIC of cefazolin against methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MSSA) strains increases with higher bacterial volumes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We retrospectively investigated the prevalence and characteristics of the CInE among MSSA strains isolated from blood cultures at three Japanese hospitals. The collected isolates were screened for <em>blaZ</em> using PCR, and the cefazolin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the <em>blaZ</em>-positive MSSA isolates was measured at standard and high inoculum volumes. CInE-positive MSSA strains were defined as those with a cefazolin MIC ≥16 μg/mL at 10⁷ CFU/mL and ≤8 μg/mL at 10⁵ CFU/mL. In these <em>blaZ</em>-positive strains, we performed <em>blaZ</em> typing and tested a modified nitrocefin-based rapid examination to detect the CInE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We collected 329 MSSA strains isolated from blood cultures. Of these, 96 (29.2%) were positive for the <em>bla</em>Z gene, with the following genotypes: type A (15, 15.6%), type B (3, 3.1%), type C (77, 80.2%), type D (0, 0.0%), and non-type (1, 1.0%). Among 96 <em>bla</em>Z-positive MSSA isolates, 11 exhibited the CInE, all of which harbored <em>blaZ</em> type A. The rapid nitrocefin test detected CInE positivity with high sensitivity (100%), specificity (94.1%), and diagnostic accuracy (94.8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlighted the low prevalence of CInE-presenting MSSA isolates in Japan. When the cefazolin MIC is ≥1 μg/mL or the penicillin G MIC is ≥0.25 μg/mL, the rapid nitrocefin test may be useful for considering the CInE in patients with high bacterial volume MSSA infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"115 3","pages":"Article 117345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of Legionnaires’ disease linked to the household hot water system, confirmed by whole genome sequencing","authors":"Ani-Ioana Cotar ,&nbsp;Mihaela Oprea ,&nbsp;Sorin Dinu ,&nbsp;Laura-Ioana Popa ,&nbsp;Cătălin Herghelegiu ,&nbsp;Manuela-Luminița Minea ,&nbsp;Roxana-Elena Buzilă ,&nbsp;Alexandru Duhaniuc ,&nbsp;Odette Popovici","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Legionella pneumophila</em> – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen frequently identified in the environmental water samples – can produce human infections after inhalation of contaminated aerosols. We describe a case of Legionnaires’ disease linked to a household drinking water system. Serogroup 1 <em>L. pneumophila</em> isolates were recovered from both human and environmental samples and were analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Phylogenetic relatedness inferred by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed the household drinking water system as the source of isolates causing human infection. This epidemiological investigation performed in Romania and identifying the source of infection by WGS is the first of this kind for our country. The human and environmental isolates were undoubtedly linked through the use of high-discriminatory WGS analysis, which confirmed the relatedness inferred from the classical seven-loci sequence-based typing (SBT) scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"115 3","pages":"Article 117357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}