Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease最新文献

{"title":"Metagenomic diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis with coinfections in an extremely preterm infant conceived via in vitro fertilization","authors":"Yan Li ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Liu ,&nbsp;Guolan Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Ma ,&nbsp;Lisu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe a case of congenital tuberculosis in an extremely preterm infant (24 weeks' gestation, 800 g) conceived via in vitro fertilization, complicated by cytomegalovirus and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> coinfections. Diagnosis was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing after conventional tests were inconclusive. Management included anti-tuberculosis, antiviral, and antibacterial therapy, as well as surgical correction of a patent ductus arteriosus. The infant demonstrated significant clinical recovery, with resolution of pulmonary, splenic, and cardiac abnormalities. This case underscores the value of advanced molecular diagnostics and multidisciplinary care in managing life-threatening neonatal infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of treatment success in patients with Enterococcus faecium bacteremia using vancomycin AUC24/MIC ratio: A multicenter retrospective study","authors":"Yuki Hanai ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Kazumi Hanawa ,&nbsp;Aiju Endo ,&nbsp;Hideki Hashi ,&nbsp;Taito Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Sohei Harada ,&nbsp;Takuya Yokoo ,&nbsp;Shusuke Uekusa ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Riku Maruyama ,&nbsp;Shun Tsujimura ,&nbsp;Daiki Asakawa ,&nbsp;Takaya Namiki ,&nbsp;Ryo Isoda ,&nbsp;Yuki Enoki ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Taguchi ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Matsuo","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although vancomycin is commonly used to treat <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> infections, there are no clear guidelines for the optimal 24-h area under the concentration time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC₂₄/MIC) ratio. This study aimed to determine the target AUC₂₄/MIC ratio associated with vancomycin-treated <em>E. faecium</em> infection outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective multicenter cohort study included adult patients who received vancomycin for ≥5 days for <em>E. faecium</em>-associated bloodstream infections between January 2018 and December 2023. The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as a composite of survival beyond 30 days, clinical success, and microbiological eradication. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, clinical success, microbiological eradication, and nephrotoxicity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the AUC₂₄/MIC cut-off value for treatment success. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association between AUC₂₄/MIC and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 81 patients. ROC analysis identified AUC₂₄/MIC ≥427 as the cutoff value for treatment success. The overall treatment success rate (71.6 %) was significantly higher in the above AUC₂₄/MIC cut-off group (81.8 %) than in the below AUC₂₄/MIC cut-off group (59.5 %). On multivariate analysis, AUC₂₄/MIC ≥427 was an independent predictor (adjusted odds ratio: 4.399, 95 % confidence interval: 1.203–19.320, <em>p</em> = 0.024) of treatment success. The clinical success and microbiological eradication rates differed significantly between the below- and above-cut-off groups, whereas nephrotoxicity rates were comparable between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In treating <em>E. faecium</em> infections, vancomycin AUC₂₄/MIC ratio ≥427 was independently associated with treatment success. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm the AUC₂₄/MIC target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a rapid immunochromatographic test as potential tool for strongyloidiasis diagnosis using samples from an endemic area in Brazil","authors":"Henrique Tomaz Gonzaga ,&nbsp;Vanessa da Silva Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Rahmah Noordin ,&nbsp;Nor Suhada Anuar","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the inclusion of strongyloidiasis as a neglected tropical disease and the mortality of the hyperinfection and disseminated forms of this disease, accurate diagnostic tools are still needed. This study evaluated SsRapid® as a candidate for a rapid diagnostic test for strongyloidiasis using well-characterized serum samples from an endemic area in Brazil. SsRapid®, a prototype immunochromatographic test that detects IgG4 anti-<em>S. stercoralis</em>, specifically using the recombinant antigen NIE SsRapid® was performed using 140 samples from individuals with confirmed strongyloidiasis, other parasitic diseases, or healthy/asymptomatic. Diagnostic parameters of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were calculated. The sensitivity in samples from strongyloidiasis patients was 90 %, among the samples from patients with other parasitic diseases positivity was 17.5 % and 15 % in healthy individuals. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.56 and 0.12, respectively and specificity 83.3 %. SsRapid® proved to be a viable, feasibile and cost-effective tool for screening and diagnosing strongyloidiasis subsidizing actions to combat the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing suitability of Cary-Blair medium for detection of Clostridioides difficile in stool samples by chemiluminiscence immunoassay","authors":"Aiora Blanco-Hernández ,&nbsp;Marcos Hernando-Gozalo ,&nbsp;Carlos Rescalvo-Casas ,&nbsp;Laura Seijas-Pereda ,&nbsp;Juan Cuadros-González ,&nbsp;Ramón Pérez-Tanoira","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed countries. The chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for detecting <em>C. difficile</em> requires stool specimens in a dry container, while molecular detection of gastrointestinal pathogens is typically performed using the Cary-Blair transport medium. This discrepancy leads to specimen rejection for CLIA testing. The study aimed to evaluate whether Cary-Blair medium is suitable for detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B by CLIA, allowing for a single specimen collection. Therefore, GDH and <em>C.difficile</em> toxin A/B were determined by CLIA, using DiaSorin's LIAISON®, in 85 dry container specimens (58 positive and 27 negative for toxin A/B) from patients with suspected CDI. Then they were transferred to Cary-Blair medium (COPAN FECAL SAWP TM) and the analysis were repeated and compared to those obtained in dry container. Regarding the results, of the 58 positive specimens collected in dry container, 56 remained positive in Cary-Blair, while all negative specimens remained negative on Cary-Blair. Moreover, this medium had a sensitivity of 96.55 % [95 %CI 91.86-100.00], a specificity of 100 %, a PPV of 100 % and a NPV of 93.10 % [95 %CI 83.66-100.00]. Additionally, the experiments repeated 24 h remained highly consistent. In conclusion, Cary-Blair medium was suitable for the determination of <em>C.difficile</em> by CLIA, saving material and analysis time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms and advancements in AMR diagnostics","authors":"Sakshi Sinha ,&nbsp;Lata Sheo Bachan Upadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overuse and abuse of antibiotics, which results in the evolution of resistant microorganisms, is the primary cause of the global health catastrophe known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The enzymatic breakdown of antibiotics, target site modification, efflux pump overexpression, and the formation of biofilm are some of the mechanisms responsible for acquiring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These mechanisms enable bacteria to evade or neutralize the effects of antimicrobial agents, complicating treatment options and increasing mortality rates. The rapid dissemination of resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer further exacerbates the problem, necessitating urgent intervention. Advanced AMR diagnostics are transforming the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Biosensors enable rapid, point-of-care detection; Cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technologies offer precise identification of resistance genes; and mass spectrometry provides fast, accurate profiling. Automated systems streamline workflows and boost throughput, while flow cytometry delivers real-time, single-cell analysis of phenotypic resistance. Together, these innovations accelerate detection and support targeted antimicrobial stewardship, essential for combating the global AMR threat. This review covers the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recent advancements in AMR diagnostic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterococcus durans endocarditis with prosthetic valve and implantable electronic device and literature review","authors":"Özlem Aldemir,&nbsp;Murtaza Öz","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterococcus durans</em> is an extremely rare cause of infectious endocarditis. To date, only nine cases of endocarditis or cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection due to E. durans have been reported in the literature. A 48-year-old man with hypertension, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, previous aortic valve replacement and cardiac resynchronisation implantation with defibrillator presented with weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and weight loss for 7 months. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a 10 mm mobile vegetation on the aortic valve. Ampicillin and gentamicin-sensitive Enterococcus durans was grown in 3 sets of blood-cultures within 24-72 hours of admission. The patient who developed septic embolism complication was successfully treated with gentamicin and ampicillin for 6 weeks. Enterococcus durans is an extremely rare cause of infectious endocarditis whose risk factors, natural history and response to treatment remain unclear. This rare and potentially high mortality infectious agent should be kept in mind in patients with bioprosthetic-valves and CIED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the I-dOne system for rapid bacterial identification: A diagnostic accuracy study","authors":"Felipe Francisco Tuon,&nbsp;Paula Hansen Suss,&nbsp;Gabriel Burato Orthis,&nbsp;Kleber Oliveira Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the I-dOne® system (ATR-FTIR) for bacterial identification versus MALDI-TOF MS using 436 clinical isolates. Overall concordance was 90.2 %, with high accuracy for Gram-positive cocci and major Gram-negatives. Despite lower performance for some <em>Enterobacterales</em>, i-dOne offers a rapid, affordable diagnostic alternative where MALDI-TOF is unavailable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinococcus granulosus induces mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in AML12 hepatocytes","authors":"Xiaoyu Mu ,&nbsp;Chongyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Haomin Sun ,&nbsp;Yanni Wang ,&nbsp;Deguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathogenesis of Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> protoscoleces (<em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs)on mitochondrial function and mitophagy pathways in AML12 hepatocytes, providing insights into the pathogenesis of CE. AML12 hepatocytes were co-cultured with 50, 100, and 200 <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs for 48 hours. The following methods were employed: isolation of <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs , MTT assay for cell viability assessment, LDH release assay for cytotoxicity evaluation, measurement of oxidative stress markers (MDA levels, SOD activity, and GSH levels), Rh123 staining for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) determination, intracellular ATP measurement, mitochondrial respiratory rate detection, Real-time PCR for gene expression analysis, and Western blotting. <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs infection significantly reduced cell viability and increased LDH release in a dose-dependent manner. Oxidative stress was evident, with elevated MDA levels, decreased SOD activity, and reduced GSH levels. Mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated by decreased MMP and ATP levels, as well as reduced mitochondrial respiration rates. Furthermore, <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs infection upregulated the expression of mitophagy markers (p62 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ) and mitophagy signaling proteins (PINK1 and Parkin). Notably, silencing PINK1 mitigated the <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs induced mitophagy activation in AML12 hepatocytes. <em>E. granulosus</em> PSCs infection induces mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in AML12 hepatocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary fungal infection caused by Rhizopus microsporus in type II diabetic patient:A case report","authors":"Huan Chen ,&nbsp;Fangfang Ruan ,&nbsp;Weiwei Wu ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Xu ,&nbsp;Yigen Liu ,&nbsp;Sun Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinxiu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary fungal infections are invasive fungal diseases with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This case report describes a patient with type II diabetes mellitus who developed a pulmonary fungal infection. The patient presented with a one-week history of paroxysmal cough and expectoration of yellowish-white, purulent sputum following exposure to cold temperatures. Initial empirical antiviral therapy failed to yield any clinical improvement Subsequent chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed irregular areas of increased density in the left lower lung, while metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified the infection as caused by <em>Rhizopus microspores</em>. The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B and showed clinical improvement without side effects during follow-up. This case highlighted the potential of mNGS as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for rare pathogen infections, especially in immunocompromised patients where conventional microbiological methods may be inconclusive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management of Nocardia farcinica brain abscess in an immunocompetent adult with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity: A case report and review","authors":"Wei-Lan Hong ,&nbsp;Liang-Yi Yao ,&nbsp;Zhu Zhong ,&nbsp;Feng-Jiao Meng ,&nbsp;Wen-Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kui Lu ,&nbsp;Zi-Yu She","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Nocardia farcinica</em> brain abscesses are rare in immunocompetent individuals. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is first-line therapy, but hypersensitivity reactions necessitate alternative regimens. This report details successful management in a TMP/SMX-allergic patient.</div></div><div><h3>Case Report</h3><div>A 38-year-old immunocompetent male presented with recurrent seizures. MRI revealed expanding left frontal lobe lesions. Surgical excision and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) confirmed <em>N. farcinica</em>. Due to hypersensitivity to TMP/SMX, an alternative antibiotic regimen consisting of intravenous imipenem/cilastatin for 18 days and amikacin for 7 days was administered, followed by oral amoxicillin for 435 days and minocycline for 252 days. This therapeutic approach resulted in effective infection control, as evidenced by sustained clinical improvement over a 28-month follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>N. farcinica</em> brain abscess can occur in immunocompetent adults, posing therapeutic challenges with TMP/SMX intolerance. This case demonstrates that alternative regimens—imipenem/cilastatin, amikacin, amoxicillin, and minocycline—can achieve sustained remission. Individualized therapy based on drug susceptibility and patient factors is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"113 2","pages":"Article 116954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}