Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Radiographic Imaging Use Across Stages of Implant-Supported Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Emanuel-Adrian Bratu, Ralph-Alexandru Erdelyi, Sergiu-Manuel Antonie, Ioan-Achim Borșanu, Remus Christian Bratu, Tiberiu Oancea, Ioan Sirbu","doi":"10.3390/dj14090608","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Radiographic examinations are used at several stages of implant-supported rehabilitation, but patient-level utilization across an entire treatment pathway is not well described. This study mapped the use of panoramic radiography (OPG), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and intraoral radiography across six analytical treatment stages in one clinical center. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective single-center study included 50 consecutive adult patients with completed implant-supported rehabilitation and complete clinical and radiographic documentation from 2019 to 2025. Examination counts were summarized by modality and stage. Within-patient differences across stages were evaluated using the Friedman test. <b>Results:</b> The mean numbers of examinations per patient were 6.26 ± 3.11 for OPG, 2.72 ± 2.12 for CBCT, and 2.66 ± 3.43 for intraoral radiography. OPG was used throughout the pathway and was most frequent during prosthetic evaluation. CBCT was concentrated in the initial assessment and surgical stages, whereas intraoral radiography was concentrated during restorative and endodontic preparation and was not recorded during follow-up. <b>Conclusions:</b> The three imaging modalities showed different distributions across the retrospectively de-fined treatment stages. These findings describe imaging utilization in one institution and should not be interpreted as validation of a universal protocol or as evidence that the observed examination pattern was clinically optimal. Prospective multicenter studies incorporating examination-level indications, diagnostic yield, patient-specific dose, and clinical outcomes are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technologies in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Maxillofacial Surgery: Data Availability and Evidence Maturity.","authors":"Martín Campuzano-Donoso, Yamilé Dominique Fonseca-Lascano, Paulina Fernanda Galárraga-Taco, Joaquín Alonso Ubidia-Terán, Isaí Alejandro Flores-Reimundo, Ashlee Estephania Insuasti-Veintimilla, Jhon Steven Proaño-Hernández, Jonathan Patricio Zapata-Nuñez, Jairo Jhosue Barrera-Meza, Juan Marcos Parise-Vasco, Claudia Reytor-González","doi":"10.3390/dj14090605","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthognathic and reconstructive maxillofacial surgery addresses severe dentofacial deformities, post-traumatic defects, and defects following oncologic resection. Across the pathway from preoperative imaging and virtual planning to soft-tissue prediction and intraoperative guidance, artificial intelligence and related digital technologies are increasingly being investigated to support decision-making, simulation, and plan transfer. This structured narrative review synthesizes evidence across that surgical pipeline and uses data availability as an organizing framework for interpreting evidence maturity. Predefined searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus identified English-language peer-reviewed articles published from January 2018 to April 2026, supplemented by selected foundational studies. Within the literature reviewed, automated cephalometric and three-dimensional landmark detection has undergone the most extensive quantitative evaluation, supported by several systematic reviews and meta-analyses and by multicenter retrospective evaluations, including one study with independent external test sets. Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, osteotomy planning, and virtual surgical planning show increasing technical capability, including low-millimeter reposition-vector prediction, although external validation and patient-centered outcomes remain limited. Soft-tissue prediction has advanced through deep learning and finite-element modeling, with selected studies reporting comparable geometric accuracy and substantially faster computation. In contrast, intraoperative augmented reality, navigation, and robot-assisted craniomaxillofacial surgery remain supported mainly by small clinical series, cadaveric studies, and preclinical validation. These technologies demonstrate plan-transfer feasibility in selected settings but do not yet establish broad clinical effectiveness or routine superiority over established workflows. Overall, evidence is more mature when datasets are structured, accessible, and standardized, and less mature when paired longitudinal imaging or intraoperative tracking data are sparse. This association should be interpreted as an organizing hypothesis rather than proof of causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Awake Bruxism in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Javier García-Moya, Juan Antonio Ruiz-Roca, María Pilar Pecci-Lloret, Alberta Lucchese, Dorina Lauritano, Nuria Pérez-Guzmán","doi":"10.3390/dj14090606","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Awake bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity occurring during wakefulness and expressed as tooth contact, clenching, grinding or mandibular bracing. Its diagnosis in adolescents and young adults remains controversial due to the absence of a universally accepted gold standard. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic methods used for awake bruxism in this population. <b>Methods</b>: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science on 17 March 2026. Studies assessing diagnostic or screening methods for awake bruxism in adolescents and young adults under 35 years were included. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI, RoB 2 and QUADAS-2 tools. <b>Results</b>: From 418 records identified, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. After excluding two studies with high risk of bias, 11 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The main diagnostic approaches were self-report questionnaires, ecological momentary assessment, clinical examination and portable electromyography. Self-report was useful for screening but showed limited reliability. Ecological momentary assessment improved real-time behavioural recording, while clinical signs provided complementary information. Portable electromyography provided a more objective masticatory muscle activity, although standardized diagnostic thresholds are still lacking. <b>Conclusions</b>: No gold standard currently exists for diagnosing awake bruxism in adolescents and young adults. A multimodal approach combining self-report, ecological momentary assessment, clinical examination and electromyography appears to be the most robust diagnostic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration-Dependent Effects of MXenes on Viability and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.","authors":"Mariam Mowafy, Nada Desouky, Marwa Samir, Alaa Omar, Rehab Abdelmonem","doi":"10.3390/dj14090607","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> MXenes (transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) are promising 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications due to their high conductivity, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity. This study investigated the concentration-dependent effects of Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on the viability, mineralization, and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). <b>Methods:</b> Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes were synthesized and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, UV-Vis, and conductivity analysis. DPSCs were characterized by their mesenchymal stem cell phenotype (CD73⁺, CD90⁺, CD105⁺, CD34^-, CD45^-). Cells were exposed to 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL MXenes. Cell viability was assessed by (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC staining. Mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by qPCR for DSPP, RUNX2, and OCN. <b>Results:</b> Characterization confirmed successful MXene synthesis with a zeta potential of -22 mV and conductivity of 6110 S/cm. MXenes at 10 and 50 µg/mLmaintained viability above 100%, while 100 µg/mL reduced viability to 65.6% at day 14 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Apoptosis rates at 10 and 50 µg/mL (5.1% and 6.8%) were not significantly different from the control (4.2%), whereas 100 µg/mL significantly increased apoptosis to 28.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Mineralization was enhanced at 10 and 50 µg/mL (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01) but reduced at 100 µg/mL (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Gene expression of DSPP, RUNX2, and OCN was upregulated 2-3-fold at 10-50 µg/mL but suppressed at 100 µg/mL (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes exert concentration-dependent effects on DPSCs. Moderate concentrations (10-50 µg/mL) promote metabolic activity, mineralization, and odontogenic differentiation, while high concentrations (100 µg/mL) induce apoptosis and cytotoxicity. These findings support the therapeutic potential of MXenes in regenerative dentistry, provided that concentration thresholds are carefully controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Plant-Derived Compound to Bioactive Agent in Dentistry: The Expanding Role of Thymol.","authors":"Mhd Kher Alsaeyd Ahmad, Ștefania Dinu, Ștefania-Irina Dumitrel, Ramona Amina Popovici, Doina Chioran","doi":"10.3390/dj14090604","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Thymol has been considered a possible bioactive phytocompound in dentistry due to its antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. The current narrative review aims to critically review the present evidence on biological properties, mechanism of action, formulations and applications of thymol in preventive dentistry, periodontics, endodontics, prosthodontics and emerging dental materials and delivery systems, highlighting the current limitations and future perspectives. <b>Methods:</b> A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. The search included publications related to thymol and its applications in oral health and dentistry. <b>Results:</b> The most recent evidence supports the adjunctive use of thymol in preventive and periodontal oral-care products, particularly in essential oil-based formulations. Moreover, recent advances in nanoformulations and dental materials suggest that its therapeutic potential can be further improved by optimized delivery systems. <b>Conclusions:</b> Thymol is a naturally occurring active compound that offers numerous benefits in various dental applications due to its multifaceted properties and safety profile. Preliminary and clinical evidence is encouraging, but more standardized clinical studies are needed to better define its long-term efficacy, optimal formulations, therapeutic concentrations, and clinical applicability in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Procedure-Related Emphysema: A Scoping Review of Clinical Presentation, Anatomical Distribution, Management, and Outcomes.","authors":"Ulrike Kuchler, Laura Scholter, Reinhard Gruber","doi":"10.3390/dj14090602","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Dental procedure-related emphysema is an infrequently reported complication of dental care that may extend from superficial facial tissues into deep cervical, mediastinal, orbital, thoracic, intracranial, or vascular compartments. This revised scoping review aimed to map contemporary published cases using an expanded multi-database search and to characterize procedures, anatomical distribution, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, management, complications, and outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for English-language reports published from 1 January 2016 through 26 August 2026. Records were deduplicated and screened using predefined eligibility criteria; data were charted descriptively in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. <b>Results:</b> The expanded searches yielded 642 database records. After application of the publication window and deduplication, 246 unique records were screened. The synthesis included 109 studies describing 129 patients. The case literature remained dominated by extraction-related events, while restorative/prosthodontic treatment, dental cleaning/air-polishing, and endodontic procedures were also represented. Facial and cervical emphysema remained the most frequently reported distributions, and mediastinal and deep fascial-space extension were prominent among published cases. CT and antibiotics were frequently reported, but the case-report evidence does not establish their comparative effectiveness. <b>Conclusions:</b> Dental procedure-related emphysema is represented by a heterogeneous case literature with strong potential for publication bias. Sudden swelling with crepitus after dental treatment should prompt immediate assessment, with imaging and escalation guided by suspected anatomical extent and clinical severity. Reported frequencies should not be interpreted as incidence, procedure-specific risk, or evidence of treatment effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Giomer-Based and Nanohybrid Restorative Materials in Non-Carious Cervical Lesion Class V Restorations over 72 Months: A Randomized, Split-Mouth Clinical Trial.","authors":"Adam Lowenstein, Carlos Fernando Mourão, Mabi L Singh, Sarah E Pagni, Ronald D Perry, Gerard Kugel","doi":"10.3390/dj14090603","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This randomized, split-mouth clinical trial compared the 72-month clinical performance of a giomer-based restorative material (BEAUTIFIL II LS) and a nanohybrid restorative composite (Filtek Supreme Universal) in Class V non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). <b>Methods:</b> Forty-nine participants, each with two paired NCCLs, were enrolled (98 restorations) and received both materials under a standardized total-etch adhesive protocol. Clinical performance was assessed at 72 months using modified Hickel/FDI criteria across esthetic, functional, and biological domains, with between-material comparisons performed by paired nonparametric analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) for complete paired observations. <b>Results:</b> Of the 49 participants enrolled, 26 attended the 72-month follow-up visit and 25 contributed evaluable data, yielding 44 evaluable restorations. No restoration was lost, and no statistically significant differences were detected between BEAUTIFIL II LS and Filtek Supreme Universal for any evaluated esthetic, functional, or biological criterion. Both materials showed acceptable clinical performance, with minor changes related mainly to marginal staining and marginal adaptation over time. <b>Conclusions:</b> BEAUTIFIL II LS and Filtek Supreme Universal showed similar long-term clinical performance in Class V non-carious cervical lesion restorations over 72 months. Within the limitations imposed by long-term attrition, material selection may be guided by clinical requirements, handling characteristics, and clinician preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation in Dental Implant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Olívia Tosta de Macedo Vianna Mateus, Fernanda Rasch Czermainski, Tiago Henrique de Abreu Mateus, Albert Schiaveto de Souza","doi":"10.3390/dj14090599","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is proposed to enhance osseointegration, improve stability, reduce marginal bone loss, and alleviate pain in implant dentistry. Since clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated PBM's effects as an adjunct to implant therapy, focusing on stability, peri-implant bone outcomes, and pain. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of six databases and gray literature (June 2024-May 2025) followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251041607). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PBM against sham or no-PBM controls in adults. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and data were synthesized via random-effects meta-analyses with GRADE certainty assessments. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-two RCTs (829 patients, 1278 implants) were included. Postoperative pain was consistently reduced by PBM (MD = -0.27; 95% CI -0.35 to -0.19). For stability, Periotest favored PBM (MD = -0.55; 95% CI -0.84 to -0.27), indicating a transient early improvement. Similarly, resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement favoring the PBM group (MD = 1.26; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.91, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating a statistically significant increase in early implant stability. Marginal bone loss showed a statistically significant but clinically small reduction favoring PBM (MD = -0.09 mm; 95% CI -0.16 to -0.01). For peri-implant bone density, time-stratified models showed that PBM promoted a robust, significant initial benefit in 3D CBCT Hounsfield Units at baseline (MD = 114.07 HU, <i>p</i> = 0.01; overall MD = 86.02 HU, <i>p</i> = 0.14), while conventional 2D radiographic grayscale measurements captured a modest but statistically significant overall benefit (MD = 9.82, <i>p</i> = 0.03), showing a positive long-term trend up to 6 months (MD = 24.19, <i>p</i> = 0.04). <b>Conclusions:</b> PBM represents a promising supportive intervention in dental implant surgery, consistently reducing postoperative pain, enhancing early functional and structural stability, and promoting early bone mineralization. However, as the overall certainty of evidence according to the GRADE framework ranges from low to very low, these findings must be interpreted with caution due to substantial chronological and methodological heterogeneity across protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13604971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Short-Term Consistency of Generative AI Chatbots in Guideline-Based Endodontic Decision Support: A Multi-Model Benchmarking Study.","authors":"Ilgın İlgenli, Ezgi Avcı, Timur Köse","doi":"10.3390/dj14090598","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Large language model (LLM) chatbots are increasingly used for dental information and decision support, yet their accuracy and short-term reproducibility in endodontics remain insufficiently established. This study compared five chatbots using open-ended questions derived from established AAE and ESE endodontic guidelines. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-six guideline-based questions were content-validated by five endodontists using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio. ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Pro, DeepSeek-V3-0324, ScholarGPT (academic version built on OpenAI's GPT-4 architecture), and MedGebra GPT-4 answered each question across three days and three sessions per day, yielding 1170 responses. Two blinded endodontists scored responses on a 5-point guideline-concordance scale. Brunner-Langer LD-F2 analyses assessed model and temporal effects, while weighted kappa evaluated response consistency. <b>Results</b>: The overall model effect was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Pro, DeepSeek-V3-0324, and ScholarGPT showed comparable performance, whereas MedGebra GPT-4 performed significantly lower after Bonferroni correction. The day effect was not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.054), while the session effect (<i>p</i> = 0.048) and model × session interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.030) were significant. Weighted kappa values varied across models and assessment days, ranging from 0.689-0.730 for Gemini 2.5 Pro, 0.606-0.662 for ChatGPT-4o, 0.520-0.645 for DeepSeek-V3-0324, 0.458-0.592 for ScholarGPT, and 0.240-0.739 for MedGebra GPT-4. <b>Conclusions</b>: Guideline-aligned performance and short-term reproducibility differed across the evaluated chatbots, showing that accuracy and consistency represent distinct aspects of performance. Repeated assessment captured variation missed by single-session testing. These findings support guideline-based evaluation and clinician verification when generative AI chatbots are used to provide endodontic information relevant to decision support or dental education.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alveolar Ridge Regeneration Using Flexible Allogeneic Laminar Bone for Implant Site Development: A Case Series.","authors":"Edgar Salas, Gregori M Kurtzman","doi":"10.3390/dj14090600","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Horizontal alveolar ridge deficiencies resulting from tooth loss, implant failure, trauma, or advanced ridge atrophy frequently require augmentation before prosthetically driven implant placement can be achieved. Flexible allogeneic cortical bone laminae have been introduced as biologic containment devices that also eliminate the need for titanium mesh or non-resorbable barrier membranes. <b>Methods:</b> Three patients presenting with horizontal ridge deficiencies were treated using guided bone regeneration (GBR) with flexible allogeneic laminar bone combined with particulate mineralized and demineralized cortical allografts. The laminar bone was adapted beneath full-thickness flaps to ensure semi-rigid containment of the graft material and maintenance of the regenerative space. Clinical and radiographic healing were evaluated using periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Implants were placed following healing, and patients were followed up with for up to three years. <b>Results:</b> All treated sites demonstrated successful horizontal ridge augmentation with preservation of ridge contours and sufficient bone volume for implant placement. Primary implant stability of at least 35 Ncm was achieved in the documented cases. CBCT evaluation confirmed bone formation along the buccal aspect of the implants and maintenance of ridge dimensions. No graft collapse, membrane exposure, infection, or donor-site morbidity was observed. Long-term follow-ups demonstrated stable peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue conditions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Flexible allogeneic laminar bone used in combination with a particulate allograft appears to be a predictable and minimally invasive approach for horizontal ridge augmentation and implant site development. The technique offers effective space maintenance, favorable ridge contour preservation, and stable regenerative outcomes while reducing surgical morbidity associated with traditional augmentation procedures. This report demonstrates clinical feasibility and that larger prospective controlled studies with quantitative outcome assessments are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}