Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Photobiomodulation LED Devices for Home Use: Design, Function and Potential: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Mark Cronshaw, Steven Parker, Omar Hamadah, Josep Arnabat-Dominguez, Martin Grootveld","doi":"10.3390/dj13020076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Many commercial light-emitting diode (LED) devices are available for consumer home usage. The performance characteristics in respect to the dosimetry of many of the devices, currently on direct sale to the public, have not been subject to formal appraisal. In order to 'bridge the gap' between the evidence-based photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) community and other interested parties, an evaluation is made of a selection of torch type hand-held LED PBMT products currently available for home use. <b>Methods</b>: Five randomly chosen intra-oral and hand-held LED PBMT devices were selected. The optical delivery parameters of the devices were measured, including the beam divergence angle, surface area exposure as well as the output power at the level of the LEDs. The surface and sub-surface temperature changes in porcine tissue samples were assessed under standardised conditions. The manufacturer's patient instructions were correlated to the measured optical parameters. Calculations were made of irradiance and surface radiant exposure. Consumer satisfaction ratings and feedback data were collated, and a relevant statistical analysis conducted. <b>Results</b>: The results were heterogeneous with a wide range of applied wavelengths, output power and irradiance. Power output stability was variable, and, together with a wide beam divergence angle of 74°, the manufacturer's directions for dosimetry were found to be inconsistent with an accurate dose delivery. <b>Conclusions</b>: The manufacturer's proposed dosimetry fails to consider the relevance of the beam divergence angle and optical attenuation in view of the scatter and absorption. Appropriate instructions on how best to gain and optimise an acceptable clinical outcome were inconsistent with an evidence-based approach. Subject to validation by well-planned clinical trials, the concept of home PBMT may open interesting new therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Surgical Guides in Orthodontics: The Present and the Future.","authors":"Silvia Izabella Pop, Eugen Bud, Kinga Mária Jánosi, Anamaria Bud, Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé","doi":"10.3390/dj13020074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical guides are integral tools in orthodontics, enhancing the precision and predictability of mini-implant placement. These guides facilitate accurate positioning, reduce risks to surrounding anatomical structures, and ensure proper angulation and depth during procedures. The aim of the present paper is to present a detailed review of the surgical guides used in orthodontics, focusing on their classification, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and future developments. The advantages, disadvantages, clinical steps, and implications are also described based on the data in recent scientific literature. Future developments may incorporate artificial intelligence and augmented reality, further optimizing treatment planning and patient outcomes, thus solidifying the role of surgical guides in efficient orthodontic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Factors Contributing to Effective Teaching in Dental Clinical Settings: Perceptions of Dental Students.","authors":"Rayan Sharka, Mansour Alghamdi, Ammar Almarghlani, Hassan Abed, Shahad Alluqmani, Ruza Alhazmi, Jameel Abuljadayel","doi":"10.3390/dj13020075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Clinical teaching is crucial to dental education as it shapes the identity and professional development of students. However, there is a lack of research regarding the responsibilities of clinical teachers, their professional behavior, pedagogical approaches, and their influence on students' clinical learning outcomes. This study aims to identify factors that students perceive in clinical teachers and how these factors influence the effectiveness of their clinical education. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study involved predoctoral and graduate dental students (N = 354). Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the Stanford Faculty Development Program (SFDP) scale and open-ended questions. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations and predictive capabilities of the SFDP constructs for clinical teaching effectiveness. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. <b>Results:</b> A total of 332 responses were received, with a 94% response rate. Significant positive correlations were found between SFDP constructs and clinical teaching effectiveness. The evaluation construct had the strongest correlation (r = 0.480, <i>p</i> < 0.001), explaining 23.1% of the variance. The communication of clinical goals had the second strongest correlation (r = 0.415, <i>p</i> < 0.001), explaining 17.3%. The lowest correlation was for promotion of understanding and retention (r = 0.332, <i>p</i> < 0.001), explaining 11%. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.607 to 0.783. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study highlighted key factors influencing the effectiveness of clinical teaching, including evaluation quality, clear communication of clinical goals, supportive learning environments, and effective feedback. Clinical teachers' respect for students also facilitates successful education. More studies are required to explore additional factors across different contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Implant Therapy with Full-Digital Workflow to Replace a Central Incisor.","authors":"Francisco Garcia-Torres, Carlos A Jurado, Silvia Rojas-Rueda, Clint Conner, Ali Abulkasim Mohamed, Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores","doi":"10.3390/dj13020073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Replacing a maxillary central incisor and immediately placing an implant represents a clinical challenge. <b>Methods:</b> This case report demonstrates a full digital workflow to achieve a predictable implant placement and esthetically pleasing restoration for a 35-year-old male patient who suffered a horizontal root fracture after a sports accident. The patient's treatment included digital implant planning, minimally traumatic tooth extraction, computer-guided implant placement, soft tissue augmentation, and a provisional restoration to contour the augmented gingival tissues. The process began with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation and patient consultation on treatment options, with the patient opting for implant therapy. Using a 3D-printed surgical guide, the implant was placed precisely, and a soft tissue graft was used to enhance the gingival architecture and volume. A provisional restoration was designed to support the emergence profile and condition the peri implant soft tissues. A final digital impression was made, and a screw-retained all-ceramic crown was fabricated uneventfully after healing. <b>Results:</b> This digital approach allowed accurate planning and allowed the efficient execution of a technique-sensitive procedure such as immediate implant placement, thus providing an esthetic and functional solution while minimizing treatment time. <b>Conclusions:</b> The case highlights that immediate implant therapy in the esthetic zone requires meticulous planning and execution, and that incorporating advanced digital tools and techniques is required to achieve favorable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing the Load: How Optimal Forces Shape the Longevity and Stability of Orthodontic Mini-Implants.","authors":"Tinela Panaite, Carmen Savin, Nicolae Daniel Olteanu, Cristian Liviu Romanec, Raluca-Maria Vieriu, Carina Balcos, Alice Chehab, Irina Nicoleta Zetu","doi":"10.3390/dj13020071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of titanium (Ti6Al4V) mini-implants (MIs) under varying orthodontic forces using finite element analysis (FEA) and to evaluate their performance and durability under realistic clinical conditions. Optimal orthodontic forces significantly influence the structural integrity and functional longevity of MIs while minimizing adverse effects on surrounding bone tissues. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A commercially available MI (diameter: 2.0 mm, length: 12 mm) was modeled using FEA. The mandible geometry was obtained using computed tomography (CT) scanning, reconstructed in 3D using SpaceClaim software 2023.1, and discretized into 10-node tetrahedral elements in ANSYS Workbench. Material properties were assigned based on the existing literature, and the implant-bone interaction was simulated using a nonlinear frictional contact model. Orthodontic forces of 2 N and 10 N, inclined at 30°, were applied to simulate clinical loading conditions. Total displacement, von Mises stresses, equivalent strains, fatigue life, and safety factors were analyzed to assess the implant's mechanical performance. <b>Results</b>: At 2 N, the MI demonstrated minimal displacement (0.0328 mm) and sustained approximately 445,000 cycles under safe fatigue loading conditions, with a safety factor of 4.8369. At 10 N, the implant's lifespan was drastically reduced to 1546 cycles, with significantly elevated stress (6.468 × 10⁵ MPa) and strain concentrations, indicating heightened risks of mechanical failure and bone damage. The findings revealed the critical threshold beyond which orthodontic forces compromise implant stability and peri-implant bone health. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study confirms that maintaining orthodontic forces within an optimal range, approximately 2 N, is essential to prolong MI lifespan and preserve bone integrity. Excessive forces, such as 10 N, lead to a rapid decline in durability and increased risks of failure, emphasizing the need for calibrated force application in clinical practice. These insights provide valuable guidance for enhancing MI performance and optimizing orthodontic treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of Maxillary Central Incisors in a Mixed Swiss-German Population by Means of Micro-CT.","authors":"Thomas Gerhard Wolf, Kevin Simon Florian Ottiger, David Donnermeyer, Sven Schumann, Andrea Lisa Waber","doi":"10.3390/dj13020072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The objective of this study was to investigate the internal morphology and root canal configurations (RCCs) of maxillary central incisors (MxCIs) in a Swiss-German population by means of micro-computed tomography (µCT). <b>Methods</b>: RCCs, main foramina, and accessory canals of MxCIs were examined using µCT and 3D imaging software. The root canal anatomy was classified according to three classification systems by Vertucci (Ve, 1984), Weine et al. (We, 1969), and Briseño-Marroquín et al. (Br, 2015). <b>Results</b>: The most common RCC observed among a total of 112 investigated single-rooted maxillary central incisors was Br 1-1-1/1 (97.3%, Ve I, We I), with a small percentage showing Br 1-1-1/2 (2.7%). One main foramen existed in 87.5% of the specimens, 8% had one accessory foramen, 3.5% had two, and a rare case had four accessory foramina (0.9%). Accessory root canals were mainly located in the middle and apical regions of the roots. <b>Conclusions</b>: Detailed insights into the root canal morphology of MxCIs in a Swiss-German population are provided. The predominant RCC was a simple root canal (Ve I, Br 1-1-1/1). However, accessory canals were detected in the middle and apical third in over 40% of the teeth examined. These anatomical features should be considered during endodontic treatment planning and execution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances Versus Aligners: An Experimental Study of Periodontal Aspects.","authors":"Lucia Giannini, Guido Galbiati, Francesco Carlo Tartaglia, Maria Elena Grecolini, Cinzia Maspero, Roberto Biagi","doi":"10.3390/dj13020070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to compare the effects of orthodontic treatment on the same patients using aligners (upper arch) versus traditional fixed appliances (lower arch) on oral hygiene and periodontal health. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 90 patients, all treated by the same orthodontist and with an average age of 26 years, were included in the study. The research focused on factors predisposing patients to periodontitis, as well as plaque and tartar accumulation. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired-samples Student's t-test, with values of <i>p</i> < 0.05 deemed statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> Patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances generally showed increased plaque accumulation (+10% PI) and a decline in periodontal health compared to those treated with aligners (40% presented a high level of S.Mutans and Lactobacilli). In patients who did not maintain proper oral hygiene, the initial conditions of the upper arch remained stable, while the lower arch exhibited significant deterioration, with increased plaque buildup and greater tissue inflammation. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings emphasize the critical role of individual oral hygiene practices during orthodontic treatment in preserving periodontal health. Aligners appear to be more favorable in protecting periodontal tissues, improving plaque control, and reducing gingival inflammation. Various supplementary approaches for plaque management and microbial colonization in saliva should be implemented based on the type of orthodontic appliance used.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Management and Evaluation of Impacted Wisdom Teeth in a Dental Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Ahmed Al Subaie, Raghad Alruwili, Bayan Alkhuadher, Sarah Alzawwad, Wareef Alzamil, Khalifa S Al-Khalifa","doi":"10.3390/dj13020069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Untreated impacted wisdom teeth can lead to complications, including delayed healing and inferior alveolar nerve damage. Delayed management is further complicated by age-related comorbidities. <b>Aim</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the management of impacted wisdom teeth in a teaching dental hospital and identify challenges faced by dental care providers. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A retrospective radiographic study was conducted using data from electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs of patients. Independent variables included demographics and clinical details of wisdom teeth, such as type and presence of impaction, associated pathology, nerve proximity, second molar resorption, and extraction difficulty. The study assessed the evaluation of dental care provider practices in managing impacted wisdom teeth. Chi-square tests analyzed relationships between management type, provider level, and extraction difficulty. <b>Results</b>: Data from 270 panoramic radiographs and dental records were analyzed. Most cases were not managed (<i>n</i> = 216, 80%), irrespective of extraction difficulty or care provider level (undergraduate vs. graduate). There was no significant association between care provider levels and the type of management or between impaction difficulty and management type (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings highlight a lack of proper evaluation and management of impacted wisdom teeth, regardless of the provider's experience. In hospital settings, all care providers should ensure the timely evaluation and management of impacted wisdom teeth to prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Molar Distalization with Clear Aligners on Periodontal Ligament Stress and Root Resorption Risk: A Systematic Review of 3D Finite Element Analysis Studies.","authors":"Ava Nazeri, Jose A Castillo, Arash Ghaffari-Rafi","doi":"10.3390/dj13020065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Molar distalization with clear aligners is increasingly used for Class II malocclusions, yet the associated periodontal ligament (PDL) stress and potential root resorption risk remain unclear. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) provides insight into these factors, but variations in attachments and anchorage strategies merit systematic evaluation. To determine whether molar distalization with clear aligners exceeds the PDL stress thresholds for root resorption and to assess how different attachments and anchorage methods influence stress distribution. <b>Methods:</b> In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four electronic databases were searched without language or date restrictions. Studies were included if they (1) employed 3D FEA, (2) analyzed PDL stress during aligner-based molar distalization, and (3) assessed root resorption risk or stress thresholds. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, yielding eight studies. <b>Results:</b> Attachments lowered PDL stress and distributed forces more evenly, reducing root resorption risk compared with no attachment cases. Micro-implants shifted stress to molars and protected anterior teeth; palatal mini-screws achieved greater distalization but higher stress, requiring caution, while buccal mini-screws showed lower stress in first premolar roots. Placing a mini-screw between first and second molars yielded the lowest, most uniform stress. Class II elastics-with precision cuts-demonstrated low compressive stress and improved anchorage, although some resorption risk persisted in maxillary anteriors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Clear aligner-based molar distalization can elevate PDL stress to potentially resorptive levels. Although attachments, micro-implants, and Class II elastics improve stress distribution and lessen root resorption risk, it is not fully eliminated. Careful, individualized treatment planning remains essential, and further clinical validation is needed to establish definitive guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Behaviour of Orthodontic Auxiliary Photopolymerisable Resins in Simulated Oral Conditions: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Riccardo Favero, Tommaso Zanetti, Vincenzo Tosco, Riccardo Monterubbianesi, Andrea Volpato","doi":"10.3390/dj13020067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread adoption of clear aligners in orthodontic practice has driven the development of biomechanical devices to improve treatment efficiency. The mechanical properties of these materials play a critical role in determining their clinical performance and efficacy. This study investigates the Young's modulus of Clear-Blokker^® (Scheu Dental), a photopolymerisable resin used for the attachment of clear aligner, and evaluates its mechanical behaviour under different curing times (5 s and 10 s) and environmental conditions (dry storage and immersion in artificial saliva at 37 °C).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight cylindrical specimens were prepared and subjected to quasistatic compression tests after 14 days. A multi-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% was performed to compare the variances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that samples immersed in artificial saliva had significantly reduced Young's moduli compared to samples stored in dry conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.0213), while no significant difference was observed between curing times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that Clear-Blokker^® has mechanical properties comparable to those of clear aligner materials, making it suitable as a biomechanical aid for orthodontic treatment. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy in the oral environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}