Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献_第4页

Dengue Dilemma: Navigating Cross-Reactivity and Immune Challenges. 登革热困境：导航交叉反应性和免疫挑战。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_294

Cristina R de Barros Cardoso, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane S Boaventura

{"title":"Dengue Dilemma: Navigating Cross-Reactivity and Immune Challenges.","authors":"Cristina R de Barros Cardoso, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane S Boaventura","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_294","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2025_294","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the immunological mechanisms underlying the cross-reactivity and immune enhancement in dengue and how they influence the clinical outcomes. The four DENV serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) share high genetic and antigenic similarity, leading to antibodies and T cells that can recognize multiple serotypes. While this cross-reactive immunity can confer partial or transient protection, it can also result in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), wherein non-neutralizing antibodies facilitate viral entry into immune cells, increasing the likelihood of severe disease in secondary infections and in infants carrying maternal anti-DENV antibodies. Furthermore, cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, such as ZIKV, complicates serological diagnosis by producing false-positive results and uncertain prior exposure histories. These complexities extend to vaccine design, which must induce effective immunity against all four DENV serotypes while minimizing ADE risk. Epidemiological studies confirm that secondary infections, especially when antibody levels have waned, carry an elevated risk of severe clinical manifestations. However, the timing between infections and the specific serotype involved can modulate these outcomes. A thorough understanding of cross-reactivity and immune enhancement is therefore pivotal for advancing diagnostic accuracy, guiding patient care, and informing vaccine strategies and public health policies to better control dengue globally.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"149-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Horizons of the Future: Preparedness and Response. 未来的视野：准备和应对。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_292

Luísa Maria Inácio da Silva, Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas, Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva, Gabriel da Luz Wallau

引用次数: 0

Human Papillomavirus Screening: Design and Targeting of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes. 人乳头瘤病毒筛选：人乳头瘤病毒基因型的设计和靶向。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_4

Joakim Dillner

引用次数: 0

Microbiome, Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Carcinogenesis. 微生物组，人乳头瘤病毒和宫颈癌的发生。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_3

Laura Burney Ellis, Maria Kyrgiou, Anna-Barbara Moscicki

{"title":"Microbiome, Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Laura Burney Ellis, Maria Kyrgiou, Anna-Barbara Moscicki","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_3","url":null,"abstract":"The microbiome describes the collection of genes derived from microorganisms that live in body systems. After the discovery of Lactobacilli as important for vaginal health, the vaginal microbiome was initially binarily classified into healthy or bacterial vaginosis (BV), before being further explored using 16S sequencing and the development of community state types (CST) by Ravel et al. There are a plethora of studies describing the vaginal microbiome composition in relation to cervical disease outcomes, more specifically human papillomavirus infection and persistence, cervical preinvasive and invasive disease. While there is some conflicting evidence, the general consensus is that Lactobacillus spp., in particular Lactobacillus crispatus or CST I, is associated with healthy status, and BV, CST IV and Lactobacillus depletion are associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. What constitutes a 'normal' vaginal microbiome is not clear; in Ravel's study, around a quarter of women had CST I, and a quarter had CST IV. Although directionality is not established, mechanistic studies suggest immunomodulation and support biological plausibility. More recently, prebiotics and probiotics have been studied and there is some emerging evidence that this may be associated with increased clearance of cytological abnormalities. Important future work includes larger longitudinal studies, patient-derived organoids to examine causality and mechanistic insights, and development and trial of novel therapeutic treatments.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"448 ","pages":"59-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T Cell Responses During Dengue Infection. 登革热感染期间的T细胞反应。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_312

Luciana Barros de Arruda, Ernesto T A Marques

{"title":"T Cell Responses During Dengue Infection.","authors":"Luciana Barros de Arruda, Ernesto T A Marques","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_312","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2025_312","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation and understanding of the immune response to dengue, including its protective and pathogenic functions, present unique challenges, particularly due to the circulation of four distinct serotypes. While infection with one serotype induces long-term protection, including some level of temporary cross-protection against other serotypes, epidemiological evidence suggests an increased risk of severe disease following subsequent heterologous infections. Although the antibody-mediated response has been more extensively studied in this context, it is also evident that T cell immunity contributes to infection resolution and long-term memory, but in some circumstances, it can influence immunopathology. In this chapter, we will present findings regarding T cell-specific DENV epitopes and activated T cell repertoire and discuss the role of distinct T cell subtypes and their functional association with protection, memory response, as well as how altered T cell responses can contribute to disease severity. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for elucidating disease pathogenesis and identifying key protection and disease markers, which are critical for the development and efficacy assessment of dengue vaccine. In addition, T cell-mediated immunity should be considered in the design and implementation of immunization programs.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"121-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Links Between Dengue Virus, Climate and Climate Change. 登革热病毒、气候和气候变化之间的联系。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_290

José Lourenço, Martim Afonso Geraldes

引用次数: 0

Cellular Biology: Virus-Host Interactions and RNA Structure and Function. 细胞生物学：病毒-宿主相互作用和RNA结构与功能。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_306

Claudia Filomatori, Alessandro Marcello, Juan Ernesto Ludert

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue Virus. 登革病毒诊断技术。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_307

Juliana Schons Gularte, Daisy Maria Strottmann, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Camila Zanluca

{"title":"Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue Virus.","authors":"Juliana Schons Gularte, Daisy Maria Strottmann, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Camila Zanluca","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_307","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2025_307","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that poses a global public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which comprises four antigenically distinct serotypes. The clinical manifestations of the disease overlap with those of other febrile diseases, including other arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya, making clinical and epidemiological diagnosis difficult. Therefore, an accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for effective clinical management, especially during the early stages of the disease, to prevent progression to severe forms.Over the years, significant advancements have been achieved in dengue diagnostics. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic techniques, detailing their principles, applications, and limitations. It covers a range of methodologies, including virus isolation, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen detection assays, immunohistochemistry, serological tests for IgM and IgG antibodies, and lateral flow point-of-care tests. Additionally, novel approaches such as multiplex platforms, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and biosensor-based tests are explored for their potential to address existing challenges and improve diagnostic accuracy.The choice of diagnostic strategy largely depends on the time course of infection and the available methodologies, resources, infrastructure, and technical expertise. Furthermore, the high degree of cross-reactivity between flaviviruses makes diagnosis by serological assays difficult, particularly in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate. Dengue vaccination is also expected to influence the results of serological assays, requiring adjustments to algorithms and careful interpretation of results. By tailoring diagnostic approaches to local capabilities and accounting for the effects of vaccination, dengue diagnosis, and disease management can be improved.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"179-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dengue Vaccines.

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_320

Silvia Beatriz Boscardin

引用次数: 0

Cofactors in Human Papillomavirus Carcinogenesis. 人乳头瘤病毒癌变的辅助因子。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_2

Marta Del Pino

{"title":"Cofactors in Human Papillomavirus Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Marta Del Pino","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-17775-9_2","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the necessary cause of cervical cancer (CC) and other HPV-related malignancies, yet by itself is not sufficient for malignant progression. A myriad of co-factors influences the risk that an HPV infection persists and progress to precancerous lesions and invasive disease. Understanding these cofactors is crucial for risk stratification and informing comprehensive preventive strategies-complementing HPV vaccination and screening-to further reduce the incidence of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers.This chapter reviews the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for key cofactors in HPV-driven carcinogenesis. The most established cofactors-including tobacco smoking, immunosuppression (particularly HIV infection), long-term use of oral contraceptives, high parity, and coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections-have consistently been associated with increased risk of HPV persistence and disease progression. We discuss their prevalence, magnitude of risk, and biological plausibility. Emerging and less established cofactors, such as the cervical microbiome, nutritional status and diet, and host genetic polymorphisms, which may modulate immune responses to HPV or the propensity for viral persistence are also explored.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"448 ","pages":"39-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0