Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献_第4页

Case Report from the Patient's Perspective: Conquering a Chronic Lung Infection: My Mould Story. 病例报告从病人的角度：征服慢性肺部感染：我的霉菌故事。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_309

Dave Shoots

{"title":"Case Report from the Patient's Perspective: Conquering a Chronic Lung Infection: My Mould Story.","authors":"Dave Shoots","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_309","url":null,"abstract":"This autobiographical account chronicles a lifelong battle with fungal infections and lung disease, beginning with childhood exposure to damp, mouldy environments in flood-prone homes. The author recounts recurring lung collapses as a teenager, culminating in multiple pleurectomies and a diagnosis of blebs on the pleural lining. Years later, persistent symptoms and a series of lung infections led to a diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and severe bronchiectasis, traced to prolonged mould exposure. This chapter details the challenges of managing these conditions, including antifungal treatments, side effects, emergency surgeries, and lifestyle adjustments. The story underscores the importance of self-advocacy, collaboration with medical and mycology experts, and leveraging reliable online resources to better understand and manage chronic diseases. The author offers actionable strategies for others facing similar health challenges, emphasizing proactive care and resilience in the face of adversity. This inspiring journey highlights the intersection of personal perseverance and medical innovation in overcoming the long-term impacts of fungal lung disease.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue Virus. 登革病毒诊断技术。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_307

Juliana Schons Gularte, Daisy Maria Strottmann, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Camila Zanluca

{"title":"Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue Virus.","authors":"Juliana Schons Gularte, Daisy Maria Strottmann, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Camila Zanluca","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_307","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that poses a global public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which comprises four antigenically distinct serotypes. The clinical manifestations of the disease overlap with those of other febrile diseases, including other arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya, making clinical and epidemiological diagnosis difficult. Therefore, an accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for effective clinical management, especially during the early stages of the disease, to prevent progression to severe forms.Over the years, significant advancements have been achieved in dengue diagnostics. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic techniques, detailing their principles, applications, and limitations. It covers a range of methodologies, including virus isolation, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen detection assays, immunohistochemistry, serological tests for IgM and IgG antibodies, and lateral flow point-of-care tests. Additionally, novel approaches such as multiplex platforms, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and biosensor-based tests are explored for their potential to address existing challenges and improve diagnostic accuracy.The choice of diagnostic strategy largely depends on the time course of infection and the available methodologies, resources, infrastructure, and technical expertise. Furthermore, the high degree of cross-reactivity between flaviviruses makes diagnosis by serological assays difficult, particularly in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate. Dengue vaccination is also expected to influence the results of serological assays, requiring adjustments to algorithms and careful interpretation of results. By tailoring diagnostic approaches to local capabilities and accounting for the effects of vaccination, dengue diagnosis, and disease management can be improved.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccination. 预防和治疗性EBV疫苗接种。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_308

Rajiv Khanna, Jeffrey I Cohen

引用次数: 0

Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Fungi: Human Health and Fungal Disease. 气候变化对环境真菌的影响：人类健康和真菌疾病。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_305

Paola Ramos Irizarry, Daniel F Q Smith, Asiya Gusa

{"title":"Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Fungi: Human Health and Fungal Disease.","authors":"Paola Ramos Irizarry, Daniel F Q Smith, Asiya Gusa","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_305","url":null,"abstract":"Climate changes including rising temperatures and increasing severe weather events (e.g., hurricanes, flooding, and wildfires) are impacting Earth's ecosystems and increasing microbial threats to human health. Microbes in the environment, including bacteria and fungi, are adapting to new habitats and hosts in ways that may make them more disease-causing. Environmental fungi are particularly climate-sensitive, with optimal growth at cooler temperatures (25-30 °C) and with reproductive spore dispersal dependent on atmospheric conditions. While environmental fungi play a crucial role supporting plant growth and recycling nutrients in soils, some cause mild to severe infections in humans. Climate changes are expanding the geographic range of some disease-causing fungi, leading to increased fungal infections, particularly in the aftermath of natural disasters. Additionally, fungal adaptations to environmental stressors may make fungi more likely to cause disease, such as increased heat tolerance (survival at body temperature of 37 °C), or more difficult to treat, due to evolving drug resistance to environmental fungicides. Here, we explore how climate change and natural disasters impact fungal distribution, adaptation, and exposure to humans, highlighting fungal threats to human health. We propose strategies to mitigate these emerging challenges, emphasizing the collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts needed to protect human health in a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T Cell Responses During Dengue Infection. 登革热感染期间的T细胞反应。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_312

Luciana Barros de Arruda, Ernesto T A Marques

{"title":"T Cell Responses During Dengue Infection.","authors":"Luciana Barros de Arruda, Ernesto T A Marques","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_312","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation and understanding of the immune response to dengue, including its protective and pathogenic functions, present unique challenges, particularly due to the circulation of four distinct serotypes. While infection with one serotype induces long-term protection, including some level of temporary cross-protection against other serotypes, epidemiological evidence suggests an increased risk of severe disease following subsequent heterologous infections. Although the antibody-mediated response has been more extensively studied in this context, it is also evident that T cell immunity contributes to infection resolution and long-term memory, but in some circumstances, it can influence immunopathology. In this chapter, we will present findings regarding T cell-specific DENV epitopes and activated T cell repertoire and discuss the role of distinct T cell subtypes and their functional association with protection, memory response, as well as how altered T cell responses can contribute to disease severity. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for elucidating disease pathogenesis and identifying key protection and disease markers, which are critical for the development and efficacy assessment of dengue vaccine. In addition, T cell-mediated immunity should be considered in the design and implementation of immunization programs.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Critical Role for Epstein-Barr Virus in Primary Effusion Lymphoma. eb病毒在原发性积液性淋巴瘤中的关键作用

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_310

Beniah Brumbaugh, Bill Sugden

引用次数: 0

Gastric Carcinoma. 胃癌。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_303

Young-Sik Kim

{"title":"Gastric Carcinoma.","authors":"Young-Sik Kim","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_303","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) account for about 10% of gastric cancers globally, with higher prevalence in East Asia and Latin America. These cancers develop through a \"gastritis-infection-cancer sequence\" and are characterized by unique molecular signatures, including CpG island methylator phenotype and mutations in ARID1A and PIK3CA genes. EBVaGCs typically present in the proximal stomach with diffuse-type histology and dense lymphocytic infiltration. Key viral proteins EBNA1 and LMP2A drive oncogenesis by altering cellular processes and immune responses. The IFN-γ signature and extensive epigenetic modifications contribute to their distinct profile. Despite often presenting at advanced stages, EBVaGCs generally have a more favorable prognosis. EBV employs sophisticated strategies to evade immune detection, utilizing latent proteins and noncoding RNAs. Paradoxically, despite an immune-hot environment, EBVaGCs demonstrate effective immune evasion, partly due to the expression of immune checkpoint molecules like PD-L1 and LAG3. Treatment approaches vary based on disease stage, from endoscopic resection for early-stage cancers to systemic therapies for advanced cases. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, shows promising results. Emerging research suggests combining these with LAG3 inhibitors may enhance efficacy. Ongoing research and advanced genomic techniques continue to reveal new insights, paving the way for personalized therapies and novel diagnostic approaches.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of EBV in the Pathogenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. EBV在弥漫性大b细胞淋巴瘤发病中的作用。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_296

Niklas Gebauer, Sophia S Wang

引用次数: 0

EBV: The Viral Genome. EBV：病毒基因组

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_298

Paul J Farrell

引用次数: 0

EBNA1.