Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Dengue Dilemma: Navigating Cross-Reactivity and Immune Challenges.","authors":"Cristina R de Barros Cardoso, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane S Boaventura","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Adaptation to Polluted Environments.","authors":"Anna L Bazzicalupo, Isabella Miles-Bunch","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans have changed ecosystems on Earth in a myriad of different ways including the input of lethal levels of toxic compounds in habitats forcing organisms to adapt or die. New environmental challenges select for different adaptive traits and species communities; however, in historically poorly characterised taxa and communities, such as the fungi, it is a challenge to know exactly what these changes are. In this chapter, we summarise our knowledge of fungi adapting to polluted environments by compiling a broad-stroke review. We find that most research has been framed in terms of remediation and biomonitoring. Remediation is mostly studied in soil fungi and biomonitoring in lichen and mycorrhizal communities. We expect that genomics advances and advances in detecting microscopic fungi via metabarcoding will open up possibilities for the study of adaptations and communities in such environments. We also reflect upon how polluted environments change the evolutionary and ecological context of these organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Evasion by Epstein-Barr Virus.","authors":"Jianmin Zuo, Dong-Yan Jin","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of adults worldwide. Following the initial infection, the host immune system launches an antiviral response involving both innate and adaptive immune functions. EBV establishes a persistent, lifelong infection, and to achieve this, it must carefully regulate the host immune response. By striking a balance between viral replication and immune defense, the pathogenic effects of EBV are minimized while its presence is maintained. This chapter explores some of the immune-modulating strategies employed by EBV, particularly its interference with various arms of innate and adaptive immunity, including the MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungus in the Fur: An Overview of Fungal Infections in Cats, Dogs, and Exotic Small Mammals.","authors":"Alex E Moskaluk","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections occur in a wide variety of mammals including cats, dogs, and exotic small mammals. These infections are generally categorized as superficial/cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic. While most reported cases involve cats and dogs, fungal infections have also been documented in various exotic small mammal species. Although microbiological diagnostic approaches are similar across patient species, clinical signs and treatment strategies can vary significantly. Managing these infections in veterinary medicine presents unique challenges, particularly in exotic small mammals, due to species-specific differences in pathophysiology, treatment options, and husbandry considerations. In this chapter, we discuss (1) superficial/cutaneous, (2) subcutaneous, (3) systemic fungal infections in cats, dogs, and exotic small mammals, and (4) the challenges with managing these veterinary fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatin Control of EBV Infection and Latency.","authors":"Paul M Lieberman, Italo Tempera","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establishes latent infection as a circular, chromatinized episome that can persist in the nucleus of dividing and quiescent B cells, as well as in some NK, T, and epithelial cancer cells. During latency, the viral genome can express a diverse program of viral genes that have profound effects on the host cell, including capacity for immortalization, metabolic shifts, and immune evasion. The selective expression of viral genes during latency requires complex coordination between viral and host factors. This coordination is regulated by the chromatin structure and epigenetic programming of the viral genome. Epigenetic programming is determined by chromatin assembly, nucleosome positioning, histone and DNA modifications, transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase signaling, DNA looping, higher-ordered chromatin architecture, and interactions with host chromosome domains and territories. In addition, the latent viral genome divides using host replication and chromosome segregation machinery. Under stress conditions, the viral episome can switch into a lytic cycle where many additional viral factors are expressed to control late gene expression and viral rolling-circle replication followed by virion assembly and packaging. How the chromatin structure of the virus controls and is coordinated with all of these different processes and transitions is the focus of this chapter. Here we highlight recent advances in EBV chromatin control since the first edition of this chapter.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-human Primate Lymphocryptoviruses: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Gabriela M Escalante, Ivana G Reidel, Janine Mühe, Fred Wang, Javier Gordon Ogembo","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) homologues from non-human primates (NHPs) have been studied for nearly as long as EBV itself. Early serologic and DNA hybridization studies uncovered the existence of EBV-like lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) across multiple NHP species. Subsequent molecular and genomic analyses revealed that LCVs from both humans and NHPs share strikingly similar colinear genome organization and encode homologous proteins expressed during both latent and lytic phases of infection, despite a level of species-specific restriction being present as shown by cross-infection experiments. Importantly, rhLCV infection in rhesus macaques faithfully recapitulates key aspects of EBV infection in humans, allowing for a powerful EBV surrogate animal model to study EBV infection and pathogenesis. In parallel, EBV susceptibility in the common marmoset offers a more accessible platform for EBV vaccine development with the potential to complement rhLCV studies. This chapter builds upon the First Edition of this work by taking the original text, beautifully crafted by Drs. Janine Mühe and Fred Wang, and updating it with relevant new insights and information. The updated chapter reviews over six decades of progress in characterizing LCVs that naturally infect primates, highlights the transformative use of rhesus macaques and common marmosets as experimental models of EBV infection, and explores how these systems are shaping the future of EBV research and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EBV and Autoimmunity.","authors":"Marianna Cortese, Alberto Ascherio, Kjetil Bjornevik","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in autoimmunity is biologically plausible and evidence of altered immune responses to EBV is abundant in several autoimmune diseases, inference on causality requires the determination that disease risk is higher in individuals infected with EBV than in those uninfected and that in the latter it increases following EBV infection. This determination has so far been obtained compellingly for multiple sclerosis (MS) and, to some extent, for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In contrast, evidence is either lacking or not supportive for other autoimmune conditions. In this chapter, we present the main epidemiological findings that justify these conclusions and their implications for prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Links Between Dengue Virus, Climate and Climate Change.","authors":"José Lourenço, Martim Afonso Geraldes","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate plays a crucial role in shaping dengue virus (DENV) transmission dynamics by influencing directly the physical and behavioural traits of mosquito individuals and viral replication. This chapter describes and evidences the intricate relationships between climate variables, mosquito traits and DENV transmission, highlighting the importance of understanding such connections in the context of a growing DENV burden and a global environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Human Health Problems Caused by Pathogenic and Immuno-activating Fungi.","authors":"Richard Summerbell, James Scott","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, several types of novel fungal health problems have been emerging in parallel. Antifungal-drug-resistant opportunistic pathogens have emerged both in previously unknown lineages, notably Candida auris, and in traditional pathogens and opportunists such as the Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex and Aspergillus fumigatus. Emergence of resistance in Aspergillus is clearly connected to agricultural use of fungicides related to medical antifungals, but is brought into further prominence by the simultaneous emergence of immunosuppressive viral effects connected to influenza and SARS CoV 2 infections. The sources of drug resistance phenotypes in Candida auris and Trichophyton indotineae are unclear, but neither climate change nor drug misuse can be clearly implicated. In Onygenalean endemic mycoses, however, climate change is under suspicion of causing range extension in Coccidioides immitis. Decimation of some North American bat species associated with Histoplasma hot spots has not had a perceptible effect on this fungus so far. Historical reading suggests that it may have survived a previous loss of conditioned habitat when the passenger pigeon became extinct. Emergence of Emergomyces and new Blastomyces species appears mainly to be related to enhanced recognition. Two separate sporotrichosis outbreaks in cats in South America and Southeast Asia suggest a little-discussed mechanism of pathogen emergence, opportunity trawling, i.e. ingress of new potential hosts into pathogen habitats leading to novel epizootics. In the investigations of non-pathogenic fungi connected to immunologically or toxicologically mediated symptomatology in indoor environments, the slow augmentation of difficult-to-obtain evidence has clarified that indoor dampness and mould can cause diverse health effects, ranging from novel advent of asthmatic conditions to eczema-like skin disturbances. The methodology used to evaluate indoor mould symptomatology shares some of the deficiencies that racked medical evaluations of causality during the SARS CoV 2 outbreak. Pertinent epidemiological connections may be obscured by an excessive positivistic demand for proof where the combination of valid evidence and judicious attention to the precautionary principle would better serve the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Mycobiome.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Bing Zhai","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human mycobiome refers to the fungal communities residing across body sites and plays pivotal roles in human health and disease. This chapter summarizes technical advances and current knowledge on the human mycobiome and discusses its clinical implications. Although high-throughput sequencing-based approaches have greatly improved the resolution of profiling fungal populations compared to the traditional culture-based methods, researchers should be aware of the inherent limitations of each approach and choose the most appropriate one or combination based on specific context of their study. We highlight the research progress on the composition of mycobiome and its cross talk with the host in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, oral cavity, genital tract, tumor tissues, and skin surface. The complex cross-kingdom interactions with bacteria and the emergence of new fungal pathogens-potentially driven by environment factors, emphasize the need to integrate mycobiome studies into broader microbial networks and the One Health frameworks. Together, this chapter underscores the potential of the human mycobiome as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in various diseases and advocates for interdisciplinary efforts to address the impact of fungi on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}