Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献

Epstein-Barr Virus-Mediated Tumorigenesis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. eb病毒介导鼻咽癌的肿瘤发生。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_353

Alan Kwok Shing Chiang, Kwok Wai Lo, Musheng Zeng

{"title":"Epstein-Barr Virus-Mediated Tumorigenesis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Alan Kwok Shing Chiang, Kwok Wai Lo, Musheng Zeng","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_353","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV-mediated epithelial cell transformation is a crucial early event in the development of NPC. NPC and other EBV-associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma have latency II program and a genomic landscape characterized by NF-κB pathway activating mutations, implicating the presence of viral latency program-specific oncogenesis. After the establishment of persistent EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, latency II viral genes (such as EBNA1, LMP1) are expressed to drive malignant transformation and reshape tumor microenvironment. During clonal expansion of EBV-infected NPC cells, various somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations are acquired to prevent virus-induced stress, evade immune surveillance, enhance genomic instability, reprogram metabolism mechanism, and promote NPC progression. Pathogenic variant of EBV characterized by EBER2 polymorphism is highly concentrated in NPC of Southern Chinese population. The interaction between this variant and host HLA haplotype may create a high viral set point to predispose risk individuals in the same population to develop NPC. Effective screening program of risk individuals in endemic populations will allow detection of early-stage NPC that is more amenable to cure utilizing treatment regimen with reduced toxicity while targeting EBV's pathogenic mechanism in NPC will enable the development of novel therapeutic strategy against metastatic and recurrent disease.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeted Modulation of Lipid Mediator-Biosynthetic Enzymes as Strategy for Inflammation Resolution Pharmacology. 靶向调节脂质介质-生物合成酶作为炎症消退的药理学策略。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_350

Paul M Jordan, Oliver Werz

{"title":"Targeted Modulation of Lipid Mediator-Biosynthetic Enzymes as Strategy for Inflammation Resolution Pharmacology.","authors":"Paul M Jordan, Oliver Werz","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_350","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid mediators (LMs) comprise a large variety of signaling molecules that are enzymatically produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a wide biosynthetic network. These pivotal mediators regulate all stages of inflammation, from initiation, progression, and maintenance to resolution and regain of tissue homeostasis. While leukotrienes and prostaglandins, produced from arachidonic acid (AA) by the 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways, respectively, mediate/promote inflammatory reactions and related symptoms, the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) terminate and resolve inflammation. SPMs encompass mainly the omega-3-PUFA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins, which are synthesized by sequential PUFA oxygenation steps, involving primarily 15-LOX-1/2 isoforms, but for some specific SPMs, also the 5-LOX, 12-LOX, COX-2, and cytochrome P450 enzymes mediate one of these oxygenations. Due to their valuable inflammation-resolving features, different strategies have been developed in order to exploit the beneficial functions of SPMs for the intervention with chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the promising strategy of promoting endogenous SPM formation by applying exogenous agents that activate SPM-biosynthetic enzymes, also in combination with omega-3-PUFA supplementation, for resolution pharmacology. Results from pilot clinical trials that confirm the applicability and efficacy of such agents and their combinations in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disorders are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacterial Infections: Host Defense and Inflammation Resolution Mechanisms for Therapy. 细菌感染：宿主防御和炎症消退机制的治疗。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_348

Salma A Rizo-Téllez, János G Filep

引用次数: 0

Neuronal Guidance Proteins in the Fundamental Biology of Inflammation Resolution. 炎症消退基础生物学中的神经元引导蛋白。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_349

Valbona Mirakaj

{"title":"Neuronal Guidance Proteins in the Fundamental Biology of Inflammation Resolution.","authors":"Valbona Mirakaj","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_349","url":null,"abstract":"The initiation and resolution of acute inflammatory responses rely on highly orchestrated biochemical and cellular programs, in which a finely tuned repertoire of mediators regulates the dynamics, migration, and effector functions of immune cells in space and time. Persistent, incompletely resolved inflammatory reactions disrupt this delicate homeostatic equilibrium and foster the development of severe acute and chronic diseases. Central mediators that terminate inflammatory responses and actively transition them into resolution are therefore of paramount importance. These include not only specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators but also peptide and protein mediators, cytokines with context-dependent pro-resolving function, stromal and neuronal signals, as well as cell-intrinsic resolution mechanisms such as efferocytosis, metabolic reprogramming, and tissue-repair programs. Innate and adaptive immune cells integrate these signals and, as major sources and effectors of pro-resolving mediators, drive clearance of harmful stimuli and dying cells and foster tissue repair. Within this broader network of pro-resolving pathways, neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of immune cell positioning and function that act far beyond their classical roles in axon guidance and are now regarded as integral components of the active inflammation-resolution program. This chapter interrogates the fundamental biology of selected NGPs-including Netrin-1, repulsive guidance molecule A (RGM-A), Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A), Neogenin (Neo1), and Plexin C1 (PLXC1)-and delineates their dual roles within inflammatory and resolution programs, with particular emphasis on how these cues sculpt leukocyte trafficking, promote cellular clearance, and drive immune cell reprogramming along the temporal axis from the early phase of acute inflammation to the restoration of tissue homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolution Failure in Periodontal Diseases: Dysregulated Pro-resolving Mechanisms in Chronic Inflammation and Tissue Breakdown. 牙周病的消退失败：慢性炎症和组织破坏中失调的促消退机制。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_347

Giacomo Baima, Nika Mehrnia, Mario Romandini, Thomas E Van Dyke

{"title":"Resolution Failure in Periodontal Diseases: Dysregulated Pro-resolving Mechanisms in Chronic Inflammation and Tissue Breakdown.","authors":"Giacomo Baima, Nika Mehrnia, Mario Romandini, Thomas E Van Dyke","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_347","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Although classically interpreted as the consequence of excessive inflammation that drives microbial dysbiosis, accumulating experimental and clinical evidence indicates that periodontitis can be more precisely described as a disorder of failed inflammatory resolution. In periodontal tissues-constantly exposed to microbial challenge-resolution is not a terminal event but a constitutive biological requirement essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. This chapter examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which pro-resolving pathways become dysregulated in periodontitis, with particular emphasis on imbalances in lipid mediator networks, defective biosynthetic class switching, impaired receptor-mediated signaling, altered leukocyte fate decisions, and disruption of osteoimmune coupling. We further discuss how these resolution defects are functionally expressed across immune, stromal, and bone compartments, and how they reshape the inflammatory microenvironment and host-microbiome interactions. Finally, we evaluate the implications of these mechanisms for resolution pharmacology, highlighting how restoration of endogenous termination and repair programs-rather than suppression of inflammatory initiation-offers a biologically grounded therapeutic paradigm. Collectively, this chapter positions periodontitis as both a disease-specific manifestation of resolution failure and a tractable translational model for advancing resolution-based therapeutic strategies with potential relevance beyond oral tissues.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Resolution of Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Role of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in the Recovery from Exercise, Injury, and Disease. 修正：骨骼肌炎症的解决：专门的促溶解脂质介质在运动、损伤和疾病恢复中的作用。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_351

Xinyue Lu, Hamood Rehman, James F Markworth

引用次数: 0

Resolution Biology in Soft Tissue Joint Disease. 软组织关节疾病的溶解生物学。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_346

Stephanie G Dakin

{"title":"Resolution Biology in Soft Tissue Joint Disease.","authors":"Stephanie G Dakin","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_346","url":null,"abstract":"Injured joint soft tissues, including tendons and ligaments, repair through an inflammatory process, which can result in fibrosis and persistent tissue abnormality, increasing the likelihood of recurrent injury. The aetiology of disease affecting tendons and ligaments is complex and multifactorial, including interplay between the effects of repetitive wear and tear, daily exercise and ageing. This chapter summarises new knowledge on how inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of soft tissue joint disease, highlighting fibroblasts and macrophages as important tissue-resident cell types implicated in sustaining inflammation. Diseased musculoskeletal soft tissues show plasticity in their inflammatory signatures, which change from the early to advanced stages of disease. After exposure to inflammation, tendons and ligaments mount a protective counter-resolution response, evidenced by the identification of pro-resolving receptors in these musculoskeletal tissues. Studies utilising patient-derived cells support that protective resolution responses may become dysregulated in chronically diseased musculoskeletal soft tissues. Therapeutic strategies that boost endogenous tissue-protective resolution responses could help to prevent chronic inflammation and irreversible fibrosis, providing new treatments for patients with soft tissue joint disease.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 25+ Year Journey on Yeast-Regulated Cell Death Research. 酵母调控细胞死亡研究的25年历程

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_342

Maria João Sousa, António Rego, Vítor M Martins, Cátia Santos-Pereira, Susana R Chaves, Manuela Côrte-Real

{"title":"A 25+ Year Journey on Yeast-Regulated Cell Death Research.","authors":"Maria João Sousa, António Rego, Vítor M Martins, Cátia Santos-Pereira, Susana R Chaves, Manuela Côrte-Real","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_342","url":null,"abstract":"More than 25 years ago, researchers began to question whether budding yeast, a unicellular eukaryote, could undergo a cell death process similar to mammalian apoptosis. We and others pursued this inquiry to enhance our understanding of yeast's endogenous cell death mechanisms and to exploit yeast as a simple cell model for potential translation to and from the mammalian apoptosis field. Initially, there was skepticism, as apoptosis was thought to be exclusive to multicellular organisms, and key regulators of mammalian apoptosis were absent from yeast. Over the years, the study of cell death using different cell/organism models has evolved, with cell death processes now broadly categorized into accidental cell death (ACD) and regulated cell death (RCD). According to this classification, unlike ACD, RCD can be pharmacologically and genetically controlled. This chapter provides a historical retrospective of yeast RCD (yRCD) research, examining conserved molecular components, organelles, signaling pathways, and posttranslational modifications that regulate cellular commitment to death. By revisiting early interpretations in light of contemporary evidence, we highlight how several initial dogmas have been refined or overturned, while conceptual and methodological challenges remain. We anticipate that less explored and novel experimental approaches and technologies, particularly those offering temporal, single-cell, and systems-level resolution, will continue to advance the field, enabling relevant biotechnological and biomedical applications and helping to address current challenges associated with sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy. 过继性t细胞免疫疗法。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_345

Stephen Gottschalk, Catherine M Bollard, Cliona M Rooney

{"title":"Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy.","authors":"Stephen Gottschalk, Catherine M Bollard, Cliona M Rooney","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_345","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to diverse malignancies defined by distinct patterns of viral latent antigen expression, which shape tumor immunogenicity and influence responsiveness to T-cell therapies. Adoptive transfer of EBV-specific T cells (EBVSTs) has demonstrated exceptional efficacy in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), particularly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), when donor-derived EBVSTs restore antiviral immunity, persist long term, and induce high response rates with minimal toxicity. Advances in manufacturing and the development of multispecific virus-specific T cells (VSTs) have increased accessibility, while \"off-the-shelf\" third-party products now enable urgent treatment and have achieved regulatory approval in Europe. Type 2 latency tumors such as Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain more challenging due to restricted antigen expression and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Strategies that enrich T cells targeting the type 2 latency antigens, LMP1, LMP2, EBNA1, and BARF1 have improved outcomes, but many patients require enhanced approaches to overcome tumor immune evasion. Genetic engineering technologies-resistance to immunosuppressive drugs, providing cytokine support, dominant-negative TGFβ receptors, chemokine receptors, and chimeric antigen receptors-offer promising avenues to improve persistence, trafficking, and antitumor potency. Collectively, the clinical experience underscores the safety, durability, and therapeutic potential of EBVSTs across EBV-associated diseases. Continued innovation in engineering and antigen targeting is poised to broaden VST applicability and support development of widely available cell therapies for EBV-associated and other cancers.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148027948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolution Pharmacology Targeting the Melanocortin System. 靶向黑素皮质素系统的分辨率药理学。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/82_2026_343

Nicholas J Day, Camilla S A Davan-Wetton, Natalya Khodeneva, Mohammed T Hussain, Trinidad Montero-Melendez

{"title":"Resolution Pharmacology Targeting the Melanocortin System.","authors":"Nicholas J Day, Camilla S A Davan-Wetton, Natalya Khodeneva, Mohammed T Hussain, Trinidad Montero-Melendez","doi":"10.1007/82_2026_343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2026_343","url":null,"abstract":"The simple but profound conceptual change in our understanding of how inflammation is terminated resulted in the emergence of a new field of research offering new opportunities for drug development. The realisation that inflammation is terminated through the orchestration of coordinated cellular and molecular responses shifted the efforts in the search for new medicines to target chronic inflammation towards the exploitation of our body's own pro-resolving mechanisms. The melanocortin system, a pro-resolving system formed by a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors and a series of endogenous peptides, is a candidate under intense efforts for the development of new drugs for the treatment of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and others with underlying chronic inflammation. Indeed, several melanocortin drugs have already reached regulatory approval and are currently used in patients. Here we describe the therapeutic potential of targeting the melanocortin system and its role in the resolution of inflammation, we summarise the developmental efforts to generate improved molecules, and we analyse the areas requiring further development in order to keep progressing into novel medicines.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0