Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献

LMP2A-The Other EBV Oncogene. 另一种EBV致癌基因lmp2a。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_330

Mariah Riel, Eric C Johannsen

{"title":"LMP2A-The Other EBV Oncogene.","authors":"Mariah Riel, Eric C Johannsen","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_330","url":null,"abstract":"LMP2A is the Rodney Dangerfield of viral oncogenes: It gets no respect. Initial impressions-that it was dispensable for EBV transformation of B lymphocytes and only enhanced transformation efficiency-still shape how this oncogene is viewed. This view needs to be reconsidered in light of a wealth of evidence supporting its role as a key oncogene in EBV-associated malignancies. LMP2A constitutively activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the most frequently mutated pathway in human cancer. In nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas, which account for most EBV-associated cancers, LMP2A is expressed much more frequently than LMP1 and is a dependency factor in both malignancies. Additionally, as a B cell receptor (BCR) mimic, LMP2A plays an essential role in EBV's persistence strategy of establishing life-long infection in memory-like B cells by mimicking germinal center reactions and maintaining EBV latency. Finally, recent studies suggest that LCLs are dependent on LMP2A signaling and ΔLMP2A-LCLs are phenotypically distinct from wildtype LCLs. As we seek to define EBV's role in autoimmunity, it will be important to understand the extent to which LMP2A contributes to these diseases as well. As a constitutive BCR mimic, LMP2A may drive aberrant B cell activation and survival, potentially promoting the breakdown of tolerance. We should be cautious not to underestimate its role in autoimmunity as was once done in cancer.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EBV Noncoding RNAs. 非编码rna。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_329

Rebecca L Skalsky

引用次数: 0

Global Genomic Surveillance: On-The-Ground Responses. 全球基因组监测：实地反应。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_287

Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Marta Giovanetti

{"title":"Global Genomic Surveillance: On-The-Ground Responses.","authors":"Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Marta Giovanetti","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_287","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic surveillance has emerged as a fundamental tool in the global response to dengue virus (DENV), enabling the rapid detection of viral strains, monitoring of transmission dynamics, and assessment of evolutionary changes that may impact disease control strategies. This chapter examines the critical role of genomic surveillance in addressing the ongoing dengue crisis, highlighting its contributions to outbreak detection, strain characterization, and vaccine efficacy assessments. We provide a comparative analysis of regional approaches to genomic surveillance, emphasizing disparities in infrastructure, sequencing capacity, and data-sharing frameworks across different epidemiological settings. Despite its transformative potential, the implementation of genomic surveillance faces significant challenges, including logistical constraints, limited sequencing accessibility in resource-limited settings, and issues related to data integration and public health decision-making. We discuss these barriers and propose strategies to enhance genomic surveillance efforts, such as strengthening international collaborations, fostering capacity-building initiatives, and integrating real-time sequencing technologies with epidemiological and ecological modeling. Finally, we explore future directions in genomic surveillance, advocating for a more coordinated and sustainable approach to genomic data generation and utilization, ultimately improving global preparedness and response to dengue and other emerging arboviruses.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual Foundations of Cell Mortality. 细胞死亡的概念基础。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_328

Pierre M Durand, Grant Ramsey

{"title":"Conceptual Foundations of Cell Mortality.","authors":"Pierre M Durand, Grant Ramsey","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_328","url":null,"abstract":"The new era of microbial cell death stems from a flood of new information emanating from the mechanistic and evolutionary life sciences, philosophy, and even sociology. In the shifting landscape, longstanding cell death terminologies and concepts have rightfully been questioned. There is currently very little consensus on how these concepts should be defined. One result of this is that similar findings often prompt different explanations because of the diversity of meanings associated with the terms. In this chapter, we review terms and concepts in microbial cell death that are key to understanding cell mortality. We discuss concepts like cell death, mortality, and the distinction between endogenous and exogenous death. We examine the contentious problem of defining programmed cell death (PCD) and argue that an evolutionary concept of PCD is foundational and applies to all cells across the tree of life, including microbial taxa. Alternative conceptions that define PCD in mechanistic, developmental, and ecological terms are useful tools for dissecting the molecular mechanisms, environmental triggers, and functions of PCD, but they do not define what PCD fundamentally is. Finally, we emphasize the importance of being clear on such concepts in order to achieve an overarching cell mortality framework.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Importance of Agricultural Fungi on Human and Animal Health: Case Studies from Grains. 农业真菌对人类和动物健康的重要性：来自谷物的案例研究。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_325

Anuradha Jayathissa, Mayantha Shimosh Kurera, Skyler Shaw, Nicholas Gamayao, Mohamed Samir Youssef, Harmeet Chawla, Matthew G Bakker, Sean Walkowiak

引用次数: 0

Fungi as Food. 作为食物的真菌。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_326

Jonathan D Heale, Alex J Pate, Paul S Dyer

{"title":"Fungi as Food.","authors":"Jonathan D Heale, Alex J Pate, Paul S Dyer","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_326","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are essential for a wide variety of food products and processes. They have a major role in the production of many fermented foodstuffs, may be eaten directly as fruit bodies and mycelium, and are used to produce food additives. They contribute to food production worldwide, even in cultures which do not typically consume mushrooms, because yeasts and edible moulds are utilised in a great variety of fermentation processes. Most fungal cultures used in food production at industrial scale show evidence of selection and domestication. However, other strains may still be obtained from the wild, either through incidental colonisation of a fermentation substrate as a result of a traditional preparation method or due to the inability to reliably cultivate a given organism, necessitating collection from its native habitat. This review provides an overview of the uses of fungi, both yeasts and filamentous fungi, in food production with a focus on research findings over the past decade. This includes a review of the production of foodstuffs through the fermentation of a wide variety of substrates, particularly dairy, but also including meat and plant matter. In addition, the use of fungi in the production of secreted enzymes and food additives is considered. Finally, the cultivation and harvesting of fungal fruiting bodies and mycoprotein are reviewed. The review aims to capture the breadth of the field by covering examples from every inhabited continent, including reference to fungal food systems which have historically been under-studied.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antifungal Drug Resistance. 抗真菌药物耐药性。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_327

Johanna Rhodes

引用次数: 0

The Epstein-Barr Virus in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Immunobiology, and Therapeutic Implications. 经典霍奇金淋巴瘤中的eb病毒：发病机制、免疫生物学和治疗意义

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_324

Maher K Gandhi, Paul Murray

{"title":"The Epstein-Barr Virus in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathogenesis, Immunobiology, and Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Maher K Gandhi, Paul Murray","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_324","url":null,"abstract":"Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a unique B cell malignancy characterised by the presence of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells within an extensive inflammatory microenvironment. In approximately 40% of cases- particularly in the mixed cellularity subtype-HRS cells are infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV-positive cHL displays a restricted pattern of viral gene expression (latency II), with functional contributions from EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2A/B, as well as some non-coding RNAs. This review synthesises current knowledge on the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of cHL. It provides an overview of molecular and immunological distinctions between EBV-positive and EBV-negative cHL, highlighting differences in host genomic alterations, immune evasion strategies, and tumour microenvironment composition. EBV+ cHL demonstrates a relatively lower mutational burden but harnesses viral proteins to subvert immune surveillance, recruit regulatory immune subsets, and upregulate checkpoint ligands, such as PD-L1. We also discuss the prognostic significance of EBV in cHL, its epidemiological associations with HLA polymorphisms, and emerging EBV-directed immunotherapies- including virus-specific T cell transfer and engineered TCR approaches.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiviral Strategies Against Dengue Virus: Recent Insights into Compounds Targeting Viral and Host Factors. 针对登革热病毒的抗病毒策略：针对病毒和宿主因子的化合物的最新见解。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_322

Anjaranirina Koloina Rakotoarimanana, Patrick Carriere Richez, Voahangy Vestalys Ramanandraibe, Anne Bialecki, Chaker El Kalamouni

{"title":"Antiviral Strategies Against Dengue Virus: Recent Insights into Compounds Targeting Viral and Host Factors.","authors":"Anjaranirina Koloina Rakotoarimanana, Patrick Carriere Richez, Voahangy Vestalys Ramanandraibe, Anne Bialecki, Chaker El Kalamouni","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_322","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV), the most prevalent arbovirus worldwide, continues to pose a major public health threat with no approved antiviral therapy to date. Despite decades of research, therapeutic development remains stalled at the preclinical stage, hindered by the virus's genetic variability, narrow therapeutic window, and complex interplay with the host immune system. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current antiviral strategies, covering both direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting viral proteins (E, prM/M, C, NS2B/NS3, NS4A/B, and NS5) and host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) interfering with viral entry, replication, assembly, and immune modulation. Across 11 mechanistic categories, we observe a strong prevalence of natural products with in vitro efficacy, but limited advancement to in vivo or clinical testing. This translational gap reflects key limitations: restricted compound availability, lack of pharmacokinetic data, and insufficient collaboration between pharmacognosy, virology, and medicinal chemistry. We highlight the urgent need for integrated efforts to optimize promising leads and promote their clinical development. This review outlines the main challenges and perspectives to reinvigorate antiviral discovery against DENV.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing Dengue's Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Pathways. 追踪登革热的进化和系统发生途径。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/82_2025_288

Talita Émile Ribeiro Adelino, Marta Giovanetti

{"title":"Tracing Dengue's Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Pathways.","authors":"Talita Émile Ribeiro Adelino, Marta Giovanetti","doi":"10.1007/82_2025_288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2025_288","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) is a rapidly evolving arbovirus responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding its evolutionary trajectory is essential for tracking viral emergence, transmission dynamics, and the factors driving its geographic expansion. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic diversification and phylogenetic pathways of DENV, focusing on serotype evolution and the classification of genetic lineages. We discuss molecular phylogenetics as a key tool for elucidating the evolutionary relationships among DENV strains and highlight the application of phylodynamic approaches to infer viral dispersal patterns in endemic and newly affected regions. Furthermore, we examine the historical spread of DENV, with particular attention to cross-border transmission events facilitated by human mobility and trade. Additionally, we explore the role of climatic and ecological drivers, such as temperature fluctuations, vector adaptation, and urbanization, in shaping the evolutionary dynamics of the virus. By integrating genomic, epidemiological, and ecological data, this chapter underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to dengue surveillance and control, ultimately contributing to the refinement of predictive models and public health interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of DENV outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0