Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献_第10页

Self-amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and Its Mode of Action. 基于自扩增mrna的疫苗技术及其作用方式

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_233

Giulietta Maruggi, Jeffrey B Ulmer, Rino Rappuoli, Dong Yu

{"title":"Self-amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and Its Mode of Action.","authors":"Giulietta Maruggi, Jeffrey B Ulmer, Rino Rappuoli, Dong Yu","doi":"10.1007/82_2021_233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2021_233","url":null,"abstract":"Self-amplifying mRNAs derived from the genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses have recently come into focus as a promising technology platform for vaccine development. Non-virally delivered self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to be highly versatile, potent, streamlined, scalable, and inexpensive. By amplifying their genome and the antigen encoding mRNA in the host cell, the self-amplifying mRNA mimics a viral infection, resulting in sustained levels of the target protein combined with self-adjuvanting innate immune responses, ultimately leading to potent and long-lasting antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, in principle, any eukaryotic sequence could be encoded by self-amplifying mRNA without the need to change the manufacturing process, thereby enabling a much faster and flexible research and development timeline than the current vaccines and hence a quicker response to emerging infectious diseases. This chapter highlights the rapid progress made in using non-virally delivered self-amplifying mRNA-based vaccines against infectious diseases in animal models. We provide an overview of the unique attributes of this vaccine approach, summarize the growing body of work defining its mechanism of action, discuss the current challenges and latest advances, and highlight perspectives about the future of this promising technology.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/82_2021_233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9113422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Chikungunya Virus. 靶向基孔肯雅病毒的小分子抑制剂

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_195

Nicole Haese, John Powers, Daniel N Streblow

引用次数: 9

Chronic Chikungunya Virus Disease. 慢性基孔肯雅病毒病。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_147

Mary K McCarthy, Bennett J J Davenport, Thomas E Morrison

{"title":"Chronic Chikungunya Virus Disease.","authors":"Mary K McCarthy, Bennett J J Davenport, Thomas E Morrison","doi":"10.1007/82_2018_147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_147","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has caused both small- and large-scale epidemics of incapacitating musculoskeletal disease across the globe. A substantial proportion of infected individuals experience debilitating arthralgia and/or arthritis that can persist in relapsing or continuous forms for months to years, an occurrence that appears independent of viral strain and outbreak location. Due to the lack of CHIKV-specific vaccine or therapeutics, treatment of chronic CHIKV disease is limited to supportive care. Although the epidemiologic and molecular mechanisms that dictate resolution or chronicity of CHIKV disease remain unclear, several risk factors and immunological responses have been implicated in the development of chronic CHIKV disease. Mounting evidence from animal models and limited case studies indicates that chronic disease is likely a result of induced autoimmunity and/or viral persistence in joint-associated tissue. Due to the global spread and explosive, often unpredictable nature of CHIKV epidemics, concerted efforts to obtain a more precise understanding of the development and maintenance of chronic CHIKV disease must be at the forefront of investigative endeavors.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/82_2018_147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10755550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Formulation and Delivery Technologies for mRNA Vaccines. mRNA疫苗的配方和递送技术。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_217

Chunxi Zeng, Chengxiang Zhang, Patrick G Walker, Yizhou Dong

引用次数: 110

Control of CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms. PI3K亚型对CD4+ T细胞分化和功能的控制。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8

Benjamin Cameron, Syed Aymaan Zaheer, Margarita Dominguez-Villar

{"title":"Control of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms.","authors":"Benjamin Cameron, Syed Aymaan Zaheer, Margarita Dominguez-Villar","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a highly conserved intracellular signaling pathway involving numerous key effectors which, in response to diverse extracellular stimuli, modulate the phenotype and function of most mammalian cell types in a pleiotropic manner. PI3K signaling plays a critical role in the development, activation, and differentiation of lymphocytes. In particular, the PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ isoforms have been shown to carry out essential, non-redundant roles in T cells, and therefore, tight regulation of the PI3K pathway is important to maintain the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Recent and ongoing efforts to manipulate the biology of T helper cell subsets in the treatment of autoimmune conditions, inflammatory disorders, as well as cancer have shown promising results, and targeting the PI3K pathway may be beneficial in these contexts. However, more insight as to the precise function of individual PI3K isoforms in pathogenic and protective immune cell subsets is still required, and how exactly PI3K signaling is regulated and integrated with classical immune pathways. This chapter provides an overview of the role of PI3K isoforms in the differentiation and function of T helper cell subsets, within the broader context of targeting this pathway to potentially alleviate immunopathology.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33514447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets. 血小板中的 PI3K 异构体信号。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11

Waltraud C Schrottmaier, Marion Mussbacher, Manuel Salzmann, Julia B Kral-Pointner, Alice Assinger

{"title":"PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets.","authors":"Waltraud C Schrottmaier, Marion Mussbacher, Manuel Salzmann, Julia B Kral-Pointner, Alice Assinger","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11","url":null,"abstract":"Platelets are unique anucleated blood cells that constantly patrol the vasculature to seal and prevent injuries in a process termed haemostasis. Thereby they rapidly adhere to the subendothelial matrix and recruit further platelets, resulting in platelet aggregates. Apart from their central role in haemostasis, they also kept some of their features inherited by their evolutionary ancestor-the haemocyte, which was also involved in immune defences. Together with leukocytes, platelets fight pathogenic invaders and guide many immune processes. In addition, they rely on several signalling pathways which are also relevant to immune cells. Among these, one of the central signalling hubs is the PI3K pathway. Signalling processes in platelets are unique as they lack a nucleus and therefore transcriptional regulation is absent. As a result, PI3K subclasses fulfil distinct roles in platelets compared to other cells. In contrast to leukocytes, the central PI3K subclass in platelet signalling is PI3K class Iβ, which underlines the uniqueness of this cell type and opens new ways for potential platelet-specific pharmacologic inhibition. An overview of platelet function and signalling with emphasis on PI3K subclasses and their respective inhibitors is given in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33514450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PI3K Targeting in Non-solid Cancer. PI3K在非实体癌中的靶向作用

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_17

Hye Na Kim, Heather Ogana, Vanessa Sanchez, Cydney Nichols, Yong-Mi Kim

引用次数: 2

Class I PI3K Biology. PI3K生物学。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_1

Tihitina Y Aytenfisu, Hannah M Campbell, Mayukh Chakrabarti, L Mario Amzel, Sandra B Gabelli

引用次数: 1

Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. 基于信使rna的传染病疫苗。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_202

Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Drew Weissman, Norbert Pardi

引用次数: 47

PI3K and AKT at the Interface of Signaling and Metabolism. PI3K和AKT在信号和代谢的界面。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_13

Giovanni Solinas, Barbara Becattini

{"title":"PI3K and AKT at the Interface of Signaling and Metabolism.","authors":"Giovanni Solinas, Barbara Becattini","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_13","url":null,"abstract":"The PI3K/AKT signaling module is recruited by several receptors implicated in maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and signaling pathways controlling immune responses. Constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT signaling leads to tissue overgrowth and is frequently observed in cancer cells, whereas reduced PI3K/AKT signaling is associated with diabetes and growth defects. Thus, a critical roadblock to effective PI3K-targeted therapy comes from the crucial role of PI3K/AKT signaling in systemic metabolic homeostasis. This chapter describes the role of PI3K/AKT in insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis and the interplay between insulin action and metabolic feedback loops that cause resistance to PI3K-targeted therapies. Furthermore, we provide examples of insulin-independent roles for PI3K/AKT in metabolic homeostasis, and some generalizations on the action of PI3K/AKT signaling at the interface of signaling and metabolism are derived. Finally, the specific roles for different class I PI3K isoforms in controlling systemic metabolic homeostasis and energy balance are discussed. We conclude that defining the functional specificities and redundancies of different class I PI3K isoforms in pathways driving disease and controlling metabolic homeostasis is fundamental to develop novel PI3K-targeted therapies.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33512534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5