Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献_第5页

Gastric Cancer: The Microbiome Beyond Helicobacter pylori. 胃癌：幽门螺旋杆菌之外的微生物组

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_6

Melissa Mendes-Rocha, Joana Pereira-Marques, Rui M Ferreira, Ceu Figueiredo

{"title":"Gastric Cancer: The Microbiome Beyond Helicobacter pylori.","authors":"Melissa Mendes-Rocha, Joana Pereira-Marques, Rui M Ferreira, Ceu Figueiredo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_6","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer remains an important global health burden. Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological factor in gastric cancer, infecting the stomach of almost half of the population worldwide. Recent progress in microbiome research offered a new perspective on the complexity of the microbial communities of the stomach. Still, the role of the microbiome of the stomach beyond H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis is not well understood and requires deeper investigation. The gastric bacterial communities of gastric cancer patients are distinct from those of patients without cancer, but the microbial alterations that occur along the process of gastric carcinogenesis, and the mechanisms through which microorganisms influence cancer progression still need to be clarified. Except for Epstein-Barr virus, the potential significance of the virome and of the mycobiome in gastric cancer have received less attention. This chapter updates the current knowledge regarding the gastric microbiome, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, within the context of H. pylori-mediated carcinogenesis. It also reviews the possible roles of the local gastric microbiota, as well as the microbial communities of the oral and gut ecosystems, as biomarkers for gastric cancer detection. Finally, it discusses future perspectives and acknowledges limitations in the area of microbiome research in the gastric cancer setting, to which further research efforts should be directed. These will be fundamental not only to increase our current understanding of host-microbial interactions but also to facilitate translation of the findings into innovative preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies to decrease the global burden of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"444 ","pages":"157-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of Lassa Fever. 拉沙热流行病学。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_234

Antoinette R Bell-Kareem, Allison R Smither

引用次数: 1

Mammarenavirus Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Implications. 乳头状病毒遗传多样性及其生物学意义。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8

Manuela Sironi, Diego Forni, Juan C de la Torre

{"title":"Mammarenavirus Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Implications.","authors":"Manuela Sironi, Diego Forni, Juan C de la Torre","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the family Arenaviridae are classified into four genera: Antennavirus, Hartmanivirus, Mammarenavirus, and Reptarenavirus. Reptarenaviruses and hartmaniviruses infect (captive) snakes and have been shown to cause boid inclusion body disease (BIBD). Antennaviruses have genomes consisting of 3, rather than 2, segments, and were discovered in actinopterygian fish by next-generation sequencing but no biological isolate has been reported yet. The hosts of mammarenaviruses are mainly rodents and infections are generally asymptomatic. Current knowledge about the biology of reptarenaviruses, hartmaniviruses, and antennaviruses is very limited and their zoonotic potential is unknown. In contrast, some mammarenaviruses are associated with zoonotic events that pose a threat to human health. This review will focus on mammarenavirus genetic diversity and its biological implications. Some mammarenaviruses including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are excellent experimental model systems for the investigation of acute and persistent viral infections, whereas others including Lassa (LASV) and Junin (JUNV) viruses, the causative agents of Lassa fever (LF) and Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), respectively, are important human pathogens. Mammarenaviruses were thought to have high degree of intra-and inter-species amino acid sequence identities, but recent evidence has revealed a high degree of mammarenavirus genetic diversity in the field. Moreover, closely related mammarenavirus can display dramatic phenotypic differences in vivo. These findings support a role of genetic variability in mammarenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Here, we will review the molecular biology of mammarenaviruses, phylogeny, and evolution, as well as the quasispecies dynamics of mammarenavirus populations and their biological implications.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"439 ","pages":"265-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of Host Cell Signaling Pathways by Varicella-Zoster Virus. 水痘-带状疱疹病毒对宿主细胞信号通路的调节

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_251

Nandini Sen, Ann M Arvin

引用次数: 0

Pyroptosis in Antiviral Immunity. 抗病毒免疫中的裂殖现象

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_189

Teneema Kuriakose, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti

{"title":"Pyroptosis in Antiviral Immunity.","authors":"Teneema Kuriakose, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti","doi":"10.1007/82_2019_189","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2019_189","url":null,"abstract":"Pyroptosis is a form of lytic, programmed cell death that functions as an innate immune effector mechanism to facilitate host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses. This type of proinflammatory cell death is orchestrated by proteolytic activation of human or mouse caspase-1, mouse caspase-11 and human caspase-4 and caspase-5 in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. Induction of pyroptosis requires either a canonical inflammasome responsible for caspase-1 activation or a noncanonical complex composed of caspase-11 in mice or caspase-4 or caspase-5 in humans. Recent studies have identified the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, a substrate of these inflammatory caspases, as an executioner of pyroptosis. The membrane pores formed by gasdermin D facilitate release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and consequent biologic effects of these cytokines together with other released components. Pyroptosis, like other forms of programmed cell death, helps eliminate infected cells and thereby restricts the replicative niche, undermining survival and proliferation of intracellular pathogens. This includes viruses as well as bacteria, where ample evidence supports a critical role for inflammasome effector functions and cell death in host defense. Viruses have evolved their own mechanisms to modulate inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis. Here, we review the current literature regarding the role of pyroptosis in antiviral immune responses.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314647/pdf/nihms-1068517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37489918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the Helicobacter pylori Oncoprotein CagA in Gastric Carcinogenesis. 幽门螺杆菌肿瘤蛋白 CagA 对胃癌发病的影响

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_9

Masanori Hatakeyama

{"title":"Impact of the Helicobacter pylori Oncoprotein CagA in Gastric Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Masanori Hatakeyama","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_9","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori CagA is the first and only bacterial oncoprotein etiologically associated with human cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, CagA acts as a pathogenic/pro-oncogenic scaffold that interacts with and functionally perturbs multiple host proteins such as pro-oncogenic SHP2 phosphatase and polarity-regulating kinase PAR1b/MARK2. Although H. pylori infection is established during early childhood, gastric cancer generally develops in elderly individuals, indicating that oncogenic CagA activity is effectively counteracted at a younger age. Moreover, the eradication of cagA-positive H. pylori cannot cure established gastric cancer, indicating that H. pylori CagA-triggered gastric carcinogenesis proceeds via a hit-and-run mechanism. In addition to its direct oncogenic action, CagA induces BRCAness, a cellular status characterized by replication fork destabilization and loss of error-free homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by inhibiting cytoplasmic-to-nuclear localization of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor. This causes genomic instability that leads to the accumulation of excess mutations in the host cell genome, which may underlie hit-and-run gastric carcinogenesis. The close connection between CagA and BRCAness was corroborated by a recent large-scale case-control study that revealed that the risk of gastric cancer in individuals carrying pathogenic variants of genes that induce BRCAness (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2) dramatically increases upon infection with cagA-positive H. pylori. Accordingly, CagA-mediated BRCAness plays a crucial role in the development of gastric cancer in conjunction with the direct oncogenic action of CagA.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"444 ","pages":"239-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmed Necrosis in Host Defense. 宿主防御中的程序性坏死

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2023_264

Edward S Mocarski

{"title":"Programmed Necrosis in Host Defense.","authors":"Edward S Mocarski","doi":"10.1007/82_2023_264","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2023_264","url":null,"abstract":"Host control over infectious disease relies on the ability of cells in multicellular organisms to detect and defend against pathogens to prevent disease. Evolution affords mammals with a wide variety of independent immune mechanisms to control or eliminate invading infectious agents. Many pathogens acquire functions to deflect these immune mechanisms and promote infection. Following successful invasion of a host, cell autonomous signaling pathways drive the production of inflammatory cytokines, deployment of restriction factors and induction of cell death. Combined, these innate immune mechanisms attract dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages as well as innate lymphoid cells such as natural killer cells that all help control infection. Eventually, the development of adaptive pathogen-specific immunity clears infection and provides immune memory of the encounter. For obligate intracellular pathogens such as viruses, diverse cell death pathways make a pivotal contribution to early control by eliminating host cells before progeny are produced. Pro-apoptotic caspase-8 activity (along with caspase-10 in humans) executes extrinsic apoptosis, a nonlytic form of cell death triggered by TNF family death receptors (DRs). Over the past two decades, alternate extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis outcomes have been described. Programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, occurs when receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) activates mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL), causing cell leakage. Thus, activation of DRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pathogen sensor Z-nucleic acid binding protein 1 (ZBP1) initiates apoptosis as well as necroptosis if not blocked by virus-encoded inhibitors. Mammalian cell death pathways are blocked by herpesvirus- and poxvirus-encoded cell death suppressors. Growing evidence has revealed the importance of Z-nucleic acid sensor, ZBP1, in the cell autonomous recognition of both DNA and RNA virus infection. This volume will explore the detente between viruses and cells to manage death machinery and avoid elimination to support dissemination within the host animal.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10345791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Guide to Preclinical Models of Zoster-Associated Pain and Postherpetic Neuralgia. 带状疱疹相关疼痛和带状疱疹后神经痛的临床前模型指南。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_240

Benjamin E Warner, William F Goins, Phillip R Kramer, Paul R Kinchington

{"title":"A Guide to Preclinical Models of Zoster-Associated Pain and Postherpetic Neuralgia.","authors":"Benjamin E Warner, William F Goins, Phillip R Kramer, Paul R Kinchington","doi":"10.1007/82_2021_240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2021_240","url":null,"abstract":"Reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (HZ), which is commonly accompanied by acute pain and pruritus over the time course of a zosteriform rash. Although the rash and associated pain are self-limiting, a considerable fraction of HZ cases will subsequently develop debilitating chronic pain states termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). How VZV causes acute pain and the mechanisms underlying the transition to PHN are far from clear. The human-specific nature of VZV has made in vivo modeling of pain following reactivation difficult to study because no single animal can reproduce reactivated VZV disease as observed in the clinic. Investigations of VZV pathogenesis following primary infection have benefited greatly from human tissues harbored in immune-deficient mice, but modeling of acute and chronic pain requires an intact nervous system with the capability of transmitting ascending and descending sensory signals. Several groups have found that subcutaneous VZV inoculation of the rat induces prolonged and measurable changes in nociceptive behavior, indicating sensitivity that partially mimics the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia seen in HZ and PHN patients. Although it is not a model of reactivation, the rat is beginning to inform how VZV infection can evoke a pain response and induce long-lasting alterations to nociception. In this review, we will summarize the rat pain models from a practical perspective and discuss avenues that have opened for testing of novel treatments for both zoster-associated pain and chronic PHN conditions, which remain in critical need of effective therapies.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"438 ","pages":"189-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Structures and Functions of VZV Glycoproteins. VZV糖蛋白的结构和功能。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_243

Stefan L Oliver

引用次数: 0

Lassa Virus Genetics. 拉沙病毒遗传学。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_212

Raphaëlle Klitting, Samar B Mehta, Judith U Oguzie, Paul E Oluniyi, Matthias G Pauthner, Katherine J Siddle, Kristian G Andersen, Christian T Happi, Pardis C Sabeti

{"title":"Lassa Virus Genetics.","authors":"Raphaëlle Klitting, Samar B Mehta, Judith U Oguzie, Paul E Oluniyi, Matthias G Pauthner, Katherine J Siddle, Kristian G Andersen, Christian T Happi, Pardis C Sabeti","doi":"10.1007/82_2020_212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2020_212","url":null,"abstract":"In a pattern repeated across a range of ecological niches, arenaviruses have evolved a compact four-gene genome to orchestrate a complex life cycle in a narrow range of susceptible hosts. A number of mammalian arenaviruses cross-infect humans, often causing a life-threatening viral hemorrhagic fever. Among this group of geographically bound zoonoses, Lassa virus has evolved a unique niche that leads to significant and sustained human morbidity and mortality. As a biosafety level 4 pathogen, direct study of the pathogenesis of Lassa virus is limited by the sparse availability, high operating costs, and technical restrictions of the high-level biocontainment laboratories required for safe experimentation. In this chapter, we introduce the relationship between genome structure and the life cycle of Lassa virus and outline reverse genetic approaches used to probe and describe functional elements of the Lassa virus genome. We then review the tools used to obtain viral genomic sequences used for phylogeny and molecular diagnostics, before shifting to a population perspective to assess the contributions of phylogenetic analysis in understanding the evolution and ecology of Lassa virus in West Africa. We finally consider the future outlook and clinical applications for genetic study of Lassa virus.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"440 ","pages":"23-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/82_2020_212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4