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Retasking of canonical antiviral factors into proviral effectors 将经典抗病毒因子重新分配为原病毒效应器
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101271
Cason R King , Andrew Mehle
{"title":"Retasking of canonical antiviral factors into proviral effectors","authors":"Cason R King ,&nbsp;Andrew Mehle","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under constant barrage by viruses<span><span>, hosts have evolved a plethora of antiviral effectors and defense mechanisms. To survive, viruses must adapt to evade or subvert these defenses while still capturing cellular resources to fuel their replication cycles. Large-scale studies of the antiviral activities of cellular proteins and processes have shown that different viruses are controlled by distinct subsets of antiviral genes. The remaining antiviral genes are either ineffective in controlling infection, or in some cases, actually promote infection. In these cases, classically defined antiviral factors are retasked by viruses to enhance viral replication. This creates a more nuanced picture revealing the contextual nature of antiviral activity. The same protein can exert different effects on replication, depending on multiple factors, including the host, the target cells, and the specific virus infecting it. Here, we review numerous examples of viruses hijacking canonically </span>antiviral proteins<span> and retasking them for proviral purposes.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ribosomes in poxvirus infection 痘病毒感染中的核糖体
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101256
Chorong Park, Derek Walsh
{"title":"Ribosomes in poxvirus infection","authors":"Chorong Park,&nbsp;Derek Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Poxviruses are large double-stranded DNA </span>viruses that encode their own </span>DNA replication, transcription, and mRNA biogenesis machinery, which underlies their ability to replicate entirely in the cytoplasm. However, like all other viruses, poxviruses remain dependent on host ribosomes to translate their mRNAs into the </span>viral proteins<span> needed to complete their replication cycle. While earlier studies established a fundamental understanding of how poxviruses wrestle with their hosts for control of translation initiation and elongation factors that guide ribosome recruitment and mRNA decoding, recent work has begun to reveal the extent to which poxviruses directly target the ribosome itself. This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulation of ribosomes and translation in poxvirus infection.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
RNA polymerase II subunit modulation during viral infection and cellular stress RNA聚合酶II亚基在病毒感染和细胞应激中的调节
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101259
Leah Gulyas , Britt A Glaunsinger
{"title":"RNA polymerase II subunit modulation during viral infection and cellular stress","authors":"Leah Gulyas ,&nbsp;Britt A Glaunsinger","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Control of gene expression, including transcription, is central in dictating the outcome of viral infection. One of the profound alterations induced by viruses is modification to the integrity and function of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Here, we discuss how infection perturbs the Pol II complex by altering subunit phosphorylation and turnover, as well as how cellular genotoxic stress (e.g. DNA damage) elicits similar outcomes. By highlighting emerging parallels and differences in Pol II control during viral infection and abiotic stress, we hope to bolster identification of pathways that target Pol II and regulate the transcriptome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10150648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hepatitis E virus species barriers: seeking viral and host determinants 戊型肝炎病毒物种屏障:寻找病毒和宿主决定因素
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101274
Volker Kinast , Mara Klöhn , Maximilian K Nocke , Daniel Todt , Eike Steinmann
{"title":"Hepatitis E virus species barriers: seeking viral and host determinants","authors":"Volker Kinast ,&nbsp;Mara Klöhn ,&nbsp;Maximilian K Nocke ,&nbsp;Daniel Todt ,&nbsp;Eike Steinmann","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intimate relationship between virus and host cell can result in highly adapted viruses that are restricted to a single host. However, some viruses have the ability to infect multiple host species. Remarkably, hepatitis E viruses (HEV) comprise genotypes that are either ‘single-host’ or ‘multi-host’ genotypes, a trait that raises fundamental questions: Why do different genotypes differ in their host range, despite a high degree of genomic similarity? What are the underlying molecular determinants that shape species barriers? Here, we review the current knowledge of viral and host determinants that may affect the evolutionary trajectories of HEV. We also provide a perspective on techniques and methods that address open questions of HEV host range and adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101274"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625722000852/pdfft?md5=c6595d1b70c91638f0ef10d0877e457d&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625722000852-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
MicroRNA-mediated control of Epstein–Barr virus infection and potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications microrna介导的eb病毒感染控制及其潜在的诊断和治疗意义
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101272
Rebecca L Skalsky
{"title":"MicroRNA-mediated control of Epstein–Barr virus infection and potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications","authors":"Rebecca L Skalsky","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Herpesviruses<span>, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), encode multiple viral microRNAs that are expressed throughout various infection stages. While much progress has been made in evaluating both the viral and host microRNAs (miRNAs) that are detected during infection as well as elucidating their molecular targets </span></span><em>in vitro</em>, our understanding of their contributions to pathogenesis <em>in vivo</em><span>, viral oncogenesis, and clinical implications for these small molecules remains limited. miRNAs are widely recognized as key regulators of global cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and development of immune responses. This review discusses the roles of miRNAs in EBV infection and current advances in miRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies potentially applicable toward EBV-associated diseases.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33512431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Co-opted membranes, lipids, and host proteins: what have we learned from tombusviruses? 增选膜、脂质和宿主蛋白:我们从瘤状病毒中学到了什么?
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101258
Peter D Nagy
{"title":"Co-opted membranes, lipids, and host proteins: what have we learned from tombusviruses?","authors":"Peter D Nagy","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Positive-strand RNA viruses replicate in intracellular membranous structures formed after virus-driven intensive manipulation of subcellular organelles and membranes. These unique structures are called viral-replication organelles (VROs). To build VROs, the </span>replication proteins<span><span> coded by (+)RNA viruses co-opt host proteins, including membrane-shaping, lipid synthesis<span>, and lipid-modification enzymes to create an optimal microenvironment that (i) concentrates the viral replicase and associated host proteins and the viral RNAs; (ii) regulates enzymatic activities and spatiotemporally the replication process; and (iii) protects the viral RNAs from recognition and degradation by the host innate immune defense. </span></span>Tomato bushy stunt virus<span> (TBSV), a plant (+)RNA virus, serves as an advanced model to study the interplay among viral components, co-opted host proteins, lipids, and membranes. This review presents our current understanding of the complex interaction between TBSV and host with panviral implications.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40377763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Barriers to hepatitis C virus infection in mice 小鼠对丙型肝炎病毒感染的屏障
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101273
Michael P Schwoerer, Alexander Ploss
{"title":"Barriers to hepatitis C virus infection in mice","authors":"Michael P Schwoerer,&nbsp;Alexander Ploss","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unable to infect mice, a fact that has severely limited their use as small-animal models for HCV pathogenesis and as tools for HCV vaccine development. HCV is blocked at various stages of its life cycle in mouse cells, due to incompatibility with host factors, the presence of dominant restriction factors, and effective immune responses. Molecular mechanisms for several such blocks have been characterized. The stepwise understanding of these limitations in mice will enable the development of an immunocompetent mouse that can fully support HCV infection and exhibit disease similar to that of infected humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33512507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Therapeutic approaches to Epstein–Barr virus cancers eb病毒癌的治疗方法
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101260
Samantha S Soldan, Troy E Messick, Paul M Lieberman
{"title":"Therapeutic approaches to Epstein–Barr virus cancers","authors":"Samantha S Soldan,&nbsp;Troy E Messick,&nbsp;Paul M Lieberman","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) establishes a lifelong latent infection that can be a causal agent for a diverse spectrum of cancers and autoimmune disease. A complex and dynamic viral lifecycle evades eradication by the host immune system and confounds antiviral therapeutic<span> strategies. To date, there are no clinically approved vaccines or therapies that selectively target EBV as the underlying cause of EBV-associated disease. Here, we review the challenges and recent advances in the development of EBV-specific therapeutics for treatment of EBV-associated cancers.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Druggable host gene dependencies in primary effusion lymphoma 原发性积液性淋巴瘤的可用药宿主基因依赖性
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270
Neil Kuehnle, Eva Gottwein
{"title":"Druggable host gene dependencies in primary effusion lymphoma","authors":"Neil Kuehnle,&nbsp;Eva Gottwein","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we review what is known about human gene essentiality in PEL-derived cell lines. We provide an updated list of PEL-specific human gene dependencies, based on the improved definition of core essential genes across human cancer types. The requirements of PEL cell lines for interferon regulatory factor 4 (<em>IRF4</em>), basic leukine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (<em>BATF</em>), G1/S cyclin D2 (<em>CCND2</em>), CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator <em>(CFLAR)</em>, MCL1 apoptosis regulator (<em>MCL1)</em>, and murine double minute 2 (<em>MDM2</em>) have been confirmed experimentally. KSHV co-opts IRF4 and BATF to drive superenhancer (SE)-mediated expression of <em>IRF4</em> itself, <em>MYC</em>, and <em>CCND2</em>. IRF4 dependency of SE-mediated gene expression is shared with Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cell lines, as well as several B-cell lymphomas of nonviral etiology. LCLs and ATLL cell lines similarly share dependencies on <em>CCND2</em> and <em>CFLAR</em> with PEL, but also have distinct gene dependencies. Genetic dependencies could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in PEL and other cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gut virome in early life: origins and implications 早期生命中的肠道病毒:起源和意义
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233
Elizabeth A Kennedy , Lori R Holtz
{"title":"Gut virome in early life: origins and implications","authors":"Elizabeth A Kennedy ,&nbsp;Lori R Holtz","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The human body is colonized by a multitude of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which play important roles in health and disease. </span>Microbial colonization during early life is thought to be a particularly important period with lasting consequences for health. Viral populations in the gut are particularly dynamic in early life before they stabilize in adulthood. The composition of the early-life virome is increasingly recognized as a determinant of disease later in life. Here, we review the development of the virome in healthy infants, as well as the role of the early-life virome in the development of disease states including diarrhea, malnutrition, and autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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