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Druggable host gene dependencies in primary effusion lymphoma 原发性积液性淋巴瘤的可用药宿主基因依赖性
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270
Neil Kuehnle, Eva Gottwein
{"title":"Druggable host gene dependencies in primary effusion lymphoma","authors":"Neil Kuehnle,&nbsp;Eva Gottwein","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we review what is known about human gene essentiality in PEL-derived cell lines. We provide an updated list of PEL-specific human gene dependencies, based on the improved definition of core essential genes across human cancer types. The requirements of PEL cell lines for interferon regulatory factor 4 (<em>IRF4</em>), basic leukine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (<em>BATF</em>), G1/S cyclin D2 (<em>CCND2</em>), CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator <em>(CFLAR)</em>, MCL1 apoptosis regulator (<em>MCL1)</em>, and murine double minute 2 (<em>MDM2</em>) have been confirmed experimentally. KSHV co-opts IRF4 and BATF to drive superenhancer (SE)-mediated expression of <em>IRF4</em> itself, <em>MYC</em>, and <em>CCND2</em>. IRF4 dependency of SE-mediated gene expression is shared with Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cell lines, as well as several B-cell lymphomas of nonviral etiology. LCLs and ATLL cell lines similarly share dependencies on <em>CCND2</em> and <em>CFLAR</em> with PEL, but also have distinct gene dependencies. Genetic dependencies could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in PEL and other cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gut virome in early life: origins and implications 早期生命中的肠道病毒:起源和意义
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233
Elizabeth A Kennedy , Lori R Holtz
{"title":"Gut virome in early life: origins and implications","authors":"Elizabeth A Kennedy ,&nbsp;Lori R Holtz","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The human body is colonized by a multitude of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which play important roles in health and disease. </span>Microbial colonization during early life is thought to be a particularly important period with lasting consequences for health. Viral populations in the gut are particularly dynamic in early life before they stabilize in adulthood. The composition of the early-life virome is increasingly recognized as a determinant of disease later in life. Here, we review the development of the virome in healthy infants, as well as the role of the early-life virome in the development of disease states including diarrhea, malnutrition, and autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Viral–host interactions during splicing and nuclear export of influenza virus mRNAs 流感病毒mrna剪接和核输出过程中病毒与宿主的相互作用
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101254
Matthew Esparza, Prasanna Bhat, Beatriz MA Fontoura
{"title":"Viral–host interactions during splicing and nuclear export of influenza virus mRNAs","authors":"Matthew Esparza,&nbsp;Prasanna Bhat,&nbsp;Beatriz MA Fontoura","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As influenza-A viruses (IAV) replicate in the host cell nucleus<span>, intranuclear pathways are usurped for viral gene expression. The eight genomic viral ribonucleoproteins<span><span> (vRNPs) segments of IAV are transcribed and two generate viral mRNAs (M and NS) that undergo alternative splicing<span> followed by export from the nucleus. The focus of this review is on viral RNA splicing and nuclear export. Recent mechanistic advances on M and NS splicing show differential regulation by RNA-binding proteins as well as distinct intranuclear localization. After a review of IAV splicing, we will discuss the nuclear export of viral mRNAs, which occur by interacting with specific constituents of the host mRNA export machinery that translocate viral mRNAs through the </span></span>nuclear pore complex for translation in the cytoplasm.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10751016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Bacteriophage T4 as a nanovehicle for delivery of genes and therapeutics into human cells T4噬菌体作为一种纳米载体，将基因和治疗药物输送到人体细胞中
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101255
Venigalla B Rao, Jingen Zhu
{"title":"Bacteriophage T4 as a nanovehicle for delivery of genes and therapeutics into human cells","authors":"Venigalla B Rao,&nbsp;Jingen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The ability to deliver therapeutic genes and biomolecules into a human cell and restore a defective function has been the holy grail of medicine. Adeno-associated viruses and lentiviruses<span> have been extensively used as delivery vehicles, but their capacity is limited to one (or two) gene(s). Bacteriophages are emerging as novel vehicles for gene therapy. The large 120 × 86-nm T4 capsid allows engineering of both its surface and its interior to incorporate combinations of DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and their complexes. </span></span><em>In vitro</em><span> assembly using purified components allows customization for various applications and for individualized therapies. Its large capacity, cell-targeting capability, safety, and inexpensive manufacturing could open unprecedented new possibilities for gene, cancer, and stem cell therapies. However, efficient entry into primary human cells and intracellular trafficking are significant barriers that must be overcome by gene engineering and evolution in order to translate phage-delivery technology from bench to bedside.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9283593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The enigmatic roles of Anelloviridae and Redondoviridae in humans 无绒病毒科和红多病毒科在人类中的神秘作用
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101248
Louis J Taylor , Emma L Keeler , Frederic D Bushman , Ronald G Collman
{"title":"The enigmatic roles of Anelloviridae and Redondoviridae in humans","authors":"Louis J Taylor ,&nbsp;Emma L Keeler ,&nbsp;Frederic D Bushman ,&nbsp;Ronald G Collman","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><em>Anelloviridae</em></span> and <em>Redondoviridae</em><span><span><span><span> are virus families with small, circular, single-stranded DNA genomes that are common components of the </span>human virome. Despite their small </span>genome size of less than 5000 bases, they are remarkably successful — anelloviruses colonize over 90% of adult humans, while the recently discovered redondoviruses have been found at up to 80% prevalence in some populations. Anelloviruses are present in blood and many organs, while redondoviruses are found mainly in the ororespiratory tract. Despite their high prevalence, little is known about their biology or pathogenic potential. In this review, we discuss anelloviruses and redondoviruses and explore their enigmatic roles in </span>human health and disease.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40531052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Editorial overview: Anti-viral strategies: Human antibody immune response and antibody-based therapy against viruses 编辑概述:抗病毒策略:人类抗体免疫反应和基于抗体的病毒治疗
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101247
Qiao Wang, Zhong Huang
{"title":"Editorial overview: Anti-viral strategies: Human antibody immune response and antibody-based therapy against viruses","authors":"Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Zhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9256202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40482991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: Viral pathogenesis 编辑概述:病毒的发病机制
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101253
Antonio Bertoletti , Matteo Iannacone
{"title":"Editorial overview: Viral pathogenesis","authors":"Antonio Bertoletti ,&nbsp;Matteo Iannacone","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9263199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40589798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lying low-chromatin insulation in persistent DNA virus infection 持续性DNA病毒感染中的低染色质绝缘
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101257
Christy S Varghese, Joanna L Parish, Jack Ferguson
{"title":"Lying low-chromatin insulation in persistent DNA virus infection","authors":"Christy S Varghese,&nbsp;Joanna L Parish,&nbsp;Jack Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persistent virus infections are achieved when the intricate balance of virus replication, host-cell division and successful immune evasion is met. The genomes of persistent DNA viruses are either maintained as extrachromosomal episomes or can integrate into the host genome. Common to both these strategies of persistence is the chromatinisation of viral DNA by cellular histones which, like host DNA, are subject to epigenetic modification. Epigenetic repression of viral genes required for lytic replication occurs, while genes required for latent or persistent infection are maintained in an active chromatin state. Viruses utilise host-cell chromatin insulators, which function to maintain epigenetic boundaries and enforce this strict transcriptional programme. Here, we review insulator protein function in virus transcription control, focussing on CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cofactors. We describe CTCF-dependent activities in virus transcription regulation through epigenetic and promoter–enhancer insulation, three-dimensional chromatin looping and manipulation of transcript splicing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625722000682/pdfft?md5=a934e4d351404403585abe735143b053&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625722000682-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9158256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Immunotherapy for KSHV-associated diseases kshv相关疾病的免疫治疗
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101249
Kathryn Lurain, Robert Yarchoan, Ramya Ramaswami
{"title":"Immunotherapy for KSHV-associated diseases","authors":"Kathryn Lurain,&nbsp;Robert Yarchoan,&nbsp;Ramya Ramaswami","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Kaposi sarcoma<span> herpesvirus (KSHV)-associated diseases (Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease<span><span>, primary effusion lymphoma<span>, and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome) are associated with </span></span>immune suppression and dysregulation and loss of KSHV-specific immunity. These diseases are most frequent in people living with HIV as well as those with primary or iatrogenic immune deficiencies. KSHV itself can modulate the immune system via viral homologs of host cytokines or downregulation of immune-surface markers altering host </span></span></span>immune surveillance<span><span>. These factors make KSHV-associated diseases prime targets for immunotherapy approaches. Several agents have been studied or are under investigation in KSHV-associated diseases, including </span>monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, and therapeutic cytokines. Here, we review the role of immunotherapies in KSHV-associated diseases.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 and concepts for application 抗HIV-1的广泛中和抗体及其应用概念
IF 5.9 2区 医学
Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101211
Henning Gruell , Philipp Schommers
{"title":"Broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 and concepts for application","authors":"Henning Gruell ,&nbsp;Philipp Schommers","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting HIV-1 exhibit significant antiviral activity in humans. Recent advances have demonstrated that novel antibodies and bNAb combinations can effectively restrict the development of viral escape mutations. Moreover, passive immunization trials have provided proof-of-principle for bNAb-mediated prevention of infection with antibody-sensitive HIV-1 strains. In contrast, clinical studies investigating the activity of HIV-1 bNAbs on the latent reservoir failed to demonstrate substantial effects. Clinical adoption of HIV-1 bNAbs will require the development of more potent and broadly active antibodies as well as their implementation in optimized strategies to fully harness the capabilities of bNAbs. We review preclinical and clinical studies on HIV-1 bNAbs to highlight their potential and remaining limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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