Current opinion in virology最新文献

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus NSs: a multifaceted viral protein in host-virus interactions. 发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒NSs：宿主-病毒相互作用中的多面病毒蛋白。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101495

Kabita Adhikari, Younho Choi

{"title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus NSs: a multifaceted viral protein in host-virus interactions.","authors":"Kabita Adhikari, Younho Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal tick-borne bunyavirus, and its nonstructural protein NSs is the engine driving viral pathogenesis. Far beyond a simple accessory protein, NSs acts as a master manipulator of the host: it shuts down interferon defenses, rewires inflammatory signaling, and creates an immunosuppressive environment that favors viral survival. At the same time, NSs reshapes cellular physiology by halting the cell cycle, reprogramming stress and antioxidant pathways, dismantling antiviral granules, and hijacking metabolic organelles such as lipid droplets and autophagosomes to build replication-permissive niches. Remarkably, NSs also functions as a cross-kingdom suppressor of RNA interference, disarming antiviral defenses in both mammalian hosts and tick vectors to ensure efficient replication and transmission. This convergence of immune evasion, cellular reprogramming, and vector adaptation underscores NSs as the central determinant of SFTSV virulence and a striking example of how a single viral protein can orchestrate complex host-pathogen interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"101495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the zoonotic spectrum of sandfly-borne phleboviruses, Africa. 评估非洲白蛉传播的白蛉病毒的人畜共患谱。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494

Edwin O Ogola, Missiani Ochwoto, Tatenda Chiuya, Marshall E Bloom, David P Tchouassi

{"title":"Evaluating the zoonotic spectrum of sandfly-borne phleboviruses, Africa.","authors":"Edwin O Ogola, Missiani Ochwoto, Tatenda Chiuya, Marshall E Bloom, David P Tchouassi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sandfly-borne phleboviruses (SBPs) are an important cause of febrile diseases and neuroinvasive infections in humans, especially in endemic regions. They have been described in Central Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean regions. Current investigations suggest that SBPs originated from Africa, albeit with little zoonotic threat information. Particularly pertinent is the recent identification of genetically diverse SBPs associated with human infection circulating in North and East Africa. Spread of these viruses to new regions may pose a significant risk to the local populations with little or no pre-existing immunity. Additionally, the lack of SBP detection methods at the point of care may lead to an incorrect diagnosis of malaria and influenza, inappropriate treatment, and an underestimated disease burden. Despite the availability of a wide range of analytic approaches that include cell culture, electron microscopy, and serological screening, diagnosis remains a challenge. Application of new molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) would enable description of new SBPs; however, correlation with additional field clinical data is needed to evaluate the zoonotic significance of any new SBPs. In this review, we provide a summary of the disease ecology of SBPs in Africa to concatenate the existing knowledge on transmission dynamics. The review also highlights the limited surveillance of SBPs in Africa, thus confirming the need for enhanced virus characterization incorporating advanced approaches such as capture-based target enrichment NGS, allowing for the detection of existing and novel SBPs, in addition to epidemiologic data on their clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"101494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Host-targeted antivirals as broad-spectrum inhibitors of respiratory viruses 宿主靶向抗病毒药物作为呼吸道病毒的广谱抑制剂。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492

Rudolf K Beran, Arya Vijjapurapu, Varsha Nair, Venice Du Pont

{"title":"Host-targeted antivirals as broad-spectrum inhibitors of respiratory viruses","authors":"Rudolf K Beran, Arya Vijjapurapu, Varsha Nair, Venice Du Pont","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, are among the leading causes of acute respiratory infections worldwide. Strategies for antiviral drug development include direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which inhibit viral proteins, or host-targeting antivirals (HTAs), which target host factors required for the viral life cycle. DAAs are often virus-specific, leaving gaps for emerging viruses such as novel coronaviruses and influenza viruses, or less common respiratory viruses such as human metapneumovirus. Moreover, DAAs are prone to viral resistance due to the low fidelity of viral polymerases, whereas HTAs act on conserved host proteins that are less susceptible to viral escape due to greater genetic stability. A variety of HTAs are currently being investigated that target viral entry, replication, assembly, or egress. The key challenges for the development of effective broad-spectrum HTAs are related to safety and translation of <em>in vitro</em> potency to <em>in vivo</em> efficacy. This review examines host factors crucial for respiratory virus lifecycles — including sialic acid receptors, lipids, phosphoinositide kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, cellular helicases, and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways — and the small-molecule inhibitors and biologics that are being explored to target them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple roles of the matrix protein Z in arenavirus infection — a structural perspective 基质蛋白Z在沙粒病毒感染中的多重作用——一个结构视角

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101493

Annika Rammelt , Saskia Johanns , Lennart Sänger , Gabriele Diana , Maria Rosenthal

引用次数: 0

Virological and immunological determinants of hepatitis E virus infection outcomes 戊型肝炎病毒感染结果的病毒学和免疫学决定因素。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101491

Xinjia Wang , Lu Bian , Eun Hee Ha , Lei Wang , Kyle O’Shaughnessy , Yifei Zheng , Zhuoying Feng , Wei Bo Chen , Xianfang Wu

引用次数: 0

Sequence variability of the K1 gene in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and its role in pathogenesis 卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒K1基因序列变异及其在发病机制中的作用

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489

Soyoung Choi , Jun Tae Song , Seung-Hyun Lee , Un Yung Choi

{"title":"Sequence variability of the K1 gene in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and its role in pathogenesis","authors":"Soyoung Choi , Jun Tae Song , Seung-Hyun Lee , Un Yung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious pathogens account for approximately 13% of all human cancers globally, with oncogenic viruses constituting the majority. Among them, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gammaherpesvirus, remains a persistent public health concern. Although KSHV is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where it drives high rates of pediatric and endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), AIDS-related KS remains a significant burden among immunocompromised individuals, especially in areas with limited access to long-term antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, KSHV is etiologically linked to primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease, both increasingly observed in transplant recipients and individuals undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Despite decades of research, no approved vaccine or curative treatment is currently available. Among the KSHV-encoded proteins, the K1 oncoprotein, encoded by the first open reading frame of the viral genome, exhibits exceptional sequence diversity and plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis. K1 activates key host signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, cellular transformation, and survival. Importantly, genetic variation within K1, particularly in its variable regions, forms the basis for classifying KSHV into distinct genotypes that show different geographic distributions and may have divergent pathogenic potentials. In this review, we provide an updated overview of functions of K1, highlight genotype-specific oncogenic mechanisms, and examine how K1 sequence diversity may shape viral evolution, host interactions, and clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dengue NS1 epitope landscape: a blueprint for next-generation vaccines and therapeutics 登革热NS1表位景观：下一代疫苗和疗法的蓝图。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101488

Romchat Kraivong , Sararat Hattakam , Somchai Thiemmeca , Panisadee Avirutnan

引用次数: 0

Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal–fetal interface 病毒传播的细胞间高速公路：母胎界面的隧道纳米管和细胞外囊泡。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101490

Long B Tran , Rafael T Michita , Deepak Kumar , Indira U Mysorekar

引用次数: 0

Nexus of virus and brain: recent advances in flavivirus and enterovirus neuro-infection 病毒与大脑的联系：黄病毒和肠病毒神经感染的最新进展

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101487

Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee , Fok-Moon Lum

{"title":"Nexus of virus and brain: recent advances in flavivirus and enterovirus neuro-infection","authors":"Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee , Fok-Moon Lum","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global prevalence of neurotropic viruses is increasing annually, with no effective treatments available. Viral entry into the brain involves a complex interplay of host and viral factors, such as tight junction complexes, immune regulators, and viral protein polymorphisms. After establishing an infection in the brain, neurotropic viruses can trigger immune cell activation, robust inflammatory responses, and synaptic disruption, contributing to both acute and chronic neuropathology, including accelerated neuronal ageing and neurodegeneration. A wealth of studies has focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovirulence and neuropathogenesis of clinically relevant neurotropic RNA viruses, revealing critical insights into their interactions with host cells and immune response. However, despite such advances, a disparity in knowledge on how these viruses enter the brain remains. In this review, significant progress within the last 2 years, as well as research niche and challenges in unravelling the neuropenetrance of clinically relevant neurotropic flaviviruses and enteroviruses in causing neuro-associated pathology will be discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intracranial calcifications in congenital viral infections: mechanisms and cellular roles 先天性病毒感染的颅内钙化：机制和细胞作用

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101479

Michael Fraczek , Haley Breckenridge , Ivonne Melano , Elisabeth Squillacioti , Karin Nielsen-Saines , Violette Recinos , Weiqiang Chen

{"title":"Intracranial calcifications in congenital viral infections: mechanisms and cellular roles","authors":"Michael Fraczek , Haley Breckenridge , Ivonne Melano , Elisabeth Squillacioti , Karin Nielsen-Saines , Violette Recinos , Weiqiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracranial calcifications (ICCs) are a characteristic neuropathological feature of several congenital viral infections, including Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). These lesions are linked to severe neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as microcephaly, epilepsy, and cognitive deficits, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation and resolution remain unclear. ICCs are thought to arise from an imbalance in osteogenic and osteolytic signaling in the developing brain. Recent work implicates pericytes as key targets of ZIKV, capable of osteogenic reprogramming and direct mineral deposition. However, the pathways leading to calcification in CMV and LCMV infections are less well understood. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, have emerged as potential regulators of calcification. While microglia can limit mineral deposition in noninfectious models of neurodegeneration and injury, their role in the context of congenital viral infection remains speculative. Whether they act to contain calcification, participate in its resolution, or contribute to pathogenesis via neuroinflammatory signaling is still unknown. This short review summarizes current knowledge of ICC pathogenesis during congenital ZIKV, CMV, and LCMV infections, with a focus on emerging potential cellular mediators, such as pericytes and microglia. We discuss known mechanisms, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities to build more representative animal models to elucidate how different viral infections orchestrate calcification in the fetal brain. Clarifying these pathways may inform future therapeutic approaches to mitigate virus-induced neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0