Current opinion in virology最新文献

Editorial overview: Antiviral Strategies and Counter Measures (2025) 编辑概述：抗病毒策略和对策（2025）。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101524

Johnson Mak, John P. Bilello

引用次数: 0

Antiviral restriction factors of bats: the front line of a critical reservoir of zoonotic viruses 蝙蝠的抗病毒限制因子：人畜共患病毒关键储存库的前线。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101522

Joshua A Hayward , Michelle L Baker , Gilda Tachedjian

{"title":"Antiviral restriction factors of bats: the front line of a critical reservoir of zoonotic viruses","authors":"Joshua A Hayward , Michelle L Baker , Gilda Tachedjian","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bats harbor diverse viruses pathogenic in other mammals, typically without obvious signs of clinical disease, attributed to an immune system that balances antiviral immunity with disease tolerance. It has been hypothesized that this balanced immune system may have arisen, at least in part, in response to the evolution of flight, which generates cellular stress, and subsequent selection for reduced inflammation and disease tolerance in bats. A major component of antiviral immunity is restriction factors (RFs). RFs are host cell proteins representing the first line of antiviral defense in all mammals, including bats. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of bat RFs that have diversified compared to many of their counterparts in humans and other mammals. Across bat lineages, RF repertoires are repeatedly remodeled through shifts in basal and interferon-stimulated gene expression and expansions (e.g. <em>APOBEC3, TRIM, IFITM, tetherin, GBPs</em>). These diversified RFs target all major stages of viral replication. Bat-specific variations in RFs include residue- and isoform-dependent IFITM3 and tetherin functions, extensive <em>APOBEC3</em> and <em>TRIM</em> gene locus rearrangements, as well as the presence of novel RFs, including a yet-to-be-identified RF that functions as a dominant, capsid-dependent nuclear-import block in pteropids, and RTP4 and RNF214 present in both bats and humans. Understanding these bat-adapted antiviral factors may inspire new approaches for host-directed therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inborn errors of autophagy underlying severe viral infections in humans 人类严重病毒感染的先天自噬错误

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101510

Trine H Mogensen

{"title":"Inborn errors of autophagy underlying severe viral infections in humans","authors":"Trine H Mogensen","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inborn errors of immunity can underlie susceptibility to severe viral infection in humans. and the majority relate to defective induction of or response to antiviral type I interferon (IFN). However there is increasing awareness of defects in other cellular processes, that can predispose to severe infectious disease. Recently, defects in autophagy-related genes or -processes have been demonstrated to predispose to life-threatening viral diseases, including defects in autophagy-related genes in patients with herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections in the central nervous system, as well as impairment of noncanonical antiviral immunity in critical COVID-19. However, the molecular mechanisms and complex intersections between autophagy, metabolism, cell death, and inflammation, and how defects in autophagy-related proteins may interfere with these cellular processes, are only now starting to emerge. This review presents the current knowledge on inborn errors of autophagy discovered in patients with severe viral infection and discusses some of the remaining knowledge gaps in our understanding of how autophagy processes act against viruses, how immunopathology and lack of viral control ensues when they fail, and how these insights may be translated into clinical medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orthobunyavirus entry: receptors, endocytosis, and fusion cues 正布尼亚病毒进入：受体、内吞作用和融合线索。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101523

Qilin Xin , Pierre-Yves Lozach

引用次数: 0

Beyond the liver: the broadened tissue tropism of hepatitis E virus 肝外：戊型肝炎病毒的组织嗜性变宽

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101508

Sarah Schlienkamp , Olinda Pinto Veiga , Volker Kinast , Eike Steinmann

引用次数: 0

Immune evasion and pathogenesis of henipaviruses 亨尼帕病毒的免疫逃避及其发病机制

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101509

Juwan Kim , Su J Lee , Dae-Gyun Ahn , Ji-Seung Yoo

引用次数: 0

Clinical and mechanistic insights into Brucella and viral co-infection 布鲁氏菌和病毒合并感染的临床和机制见解。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101506

Shi-Yang Tian , Xin Wu

引用次数: 0

A storm is born: immune activation and pathogenesis in arthritogenic alphavirus infections 一场风暴诞生：关节炎源性甲病毒感染的免疫激活和发病机制

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101498

Wesley Freppel , Yong Qian Koo , Lara J Herrero

{"title":"A storm is born: immune activation and pathogenesis in arthritogenic alphavirus infections","authors":"Wesley Freppel , Yong Qian Koo , Lara J Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River, and Mayaro viruses, are emerging global viruses responsible for causing arthralgia and chronic arthritis. Following mosquito-borne transmission, they quickly initiate infection in the skin, including in resident immune cells, and disseminate systemically into musculoskeletal tissues. The innate immune system responds rapidly through the activation of interferons, the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the recruitment of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, while the adaptive immune response, particularly virus-specific T and B cells, is critical for viral clearance. However, excessive immune activation can lead to both acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain through cytokine storm, tissue damage, and supporting immunopathology. Additionally, viral persistence and immune evasion may contribute to the development of chronic synovitis and cartilage degradation, leading to persistent joint pain. Despite recent advances, antiviral treatments remain unavailable, and to date, there is only one vaccine licensed (VIMKUNYA™ in 2025, against CHIKV), underscoring the urgent need for further research. This review explores the complex interplay between host immune responses and viral factors that lead from acute infection to chronic inflammation. Furthermore, it highlights key gaps in understanding viral persistence and immune evasion, and how to predict chronic diseases to improve therapeutic and preventive strategies against arthritogenic alphaviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human autoantibodies against type I interferons in severe viral disease 严重病毒性疾病中抗I型干扰素的人自身抗体

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101511

Kevin Groen, Benjamin G Hale

{"title":"Human autoantibodies against type I interferons in severe viral disease","authors":"Kevin Groen, Benjamin G Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are critical antiviral cytokines that restrict viral replication and limit viral disease. A remarkable recent discovery is that human autoantibodies (autoAbs) neutralizing the activities of IFN-Is phenocopy inborn errors of immunity and markedly exacerbate susceptibility to life-threatening infections. Development of these pathogenic autoAbs in humans is strongly linked to genetic and nongenetic factors affecting thymic function, and they are estimated to be present in >100 million people worldwide with a prevalence that increases with age. Here, we review major advances from the last few years that have improved our mechanistic understanding of human IFN-I autoAb development and function, as well as their association with a significant proportion of different severe viral diseases. In particular, we highlight how neutralizing IFN-I autoAbs can persist in individuals for decades, compromising IFN-I-mediated defenses, and underlying subsequent critical infections with diverse pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, seasonal influenza viruses, herpesviruses, and rare zoonoses caused by MERS-CoV, flaviviruses, and avian H5N1 influenza A virus. Furthermore, we discuss how neutralizing IFN-I autoAbs facilitate severe adverse events with live-attenuated viral vaccines, such as the yellow fever or chikungunya virus vaccines, and suggest how implementation of IFN-I autoAb diagnostics in at-risk populations may be clinically beneficial with current prophylactic or therapeutic options. Finally, in the context of new experimental insights into how autoAbs block the ability of IFN-Is to engage with the IFNAR1/IFNAR2 receptors, we detail future opportunities to design advanced novel therapeutic strategies that might specifically mitigate IFN-I autoAb pathogenic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101511"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-emerging Oropouche virus infections: insights into maternal–fetal crosstalk, coinfections, and expanding public health threats 再次出现的Oropouche病毒感染：对母胎串扰、共感染和扩大公共卫生威胁的见解

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101507

Débora Familiar-Macedo , Gielenny M Salem , Anushka Kesavan , Suan-Sin Foo

引用次数: 0