{"title":"Inhaled aerosol viral-vectored vaccines against tuberculosis","authors":"Elena Stylianou, Iman Satti","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. The development of effective TB vaccines faces significant challenges, marked by the absence of validated correlates of protection and predictive animal models. Strategic approaches to enhance TB vaccines and augment BCG efficacy include utilising prime-boost strategies with viral-vectored vaccines and exploring innovative delivery techniques, such as mucosal vaccine administration. Viral vectors offer numerous advantages, including the capacity to accommodate genes encoding extensive antigenic fragments and the induction of robust immune responses. Aerosol delivery aligns with the route of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection and holds the potential to enhance protective mucosal immunity. Aerosolised viral-vectored vaccines overcome anti-vector immunity, facilitating repeated aerosol deliveries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000221/pdfft?md5=04c597abb2d6d73af7162d4b949bc065&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Ruscitti , Coraline Radermecker , Thomas Marichal
{"title":"Journey of monocytes and macrophages upon influenza A virus infection","authors":"Cecilia Ruscitti , Coraline Radermecker , Thomas Marichal","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza A virus (IAV) infections pose a global health challenge that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the host immune response to devise effective therapeutic interventions. As monocytes and macrophages play crucial roles in host defence, inflammation, and repair, this review explores the intricate journey of these cells during and after IAV infection. First, we highlight the dynamics and functions of lung-resident macrophage populations post-IAV. Second, we review the current knowledge of recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived cells, emphasising their roles in viral clearance, inflammation, immunomodulation, and tissue repair. Third, we shed light on the consequences of IAV-induced macrophage alterations on long-term lung immunity. We conclude by underscoring current knowledge gaps and exciting prospects for future research in unravelling the complexities of macrophage responses to respiratory viral infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A complex immune communication between eicosanoids and pulmonary macrophages","authors":"Erwan Pernet , Jeremie Poschmann , Maziar Divangahi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory viral infections represent a constant threat for human health and urge for a better understanding of the pulmonary immune response to prevent disease severity. Macrophages are at the center of pulmonary immunity, where they play a pivotal role in orchestrating beneficial and/or pathological outcomes during infection. Eicosanoids, the host bioactive lipid mediators, have re-emerged as important regulators of pulmonary immunity during respiratory viral infections. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking eicosanoids' and pulmonary macrophages' homeostatic and antimicrobial functions and discuss eicosanoids as emerging targets for immunotherapy in viral infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret WY Choi, Carmina A Isidoro, Amy Gillgrass
{"title":"Mechanisms of mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract involved in defense against HIV infection","authors":"Margaret WY Choi, Carmina A Isidoro, Amy Gillgrass","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human immunodeficiency virus-1 remains a major global health threat. Since the virus is often transmitted through sexual intercourse and women account for the majority of new infections within the most endemic regions, research on mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract (FRT) is of paramount importance. At the FRT, there are intrinsic barriers to HIV-1 infection, such as epithelial cells and the microbiome, and immune cells of both the innate and adaptive arms are prepared to respond in case the virus overcomes the first line of defense. In this review, we discuss recent findings on FRT mucosal mechanisms of HIV-1 defense and highlight research gaps. While defense from HIV-1 infection at the FRT has been understudied, current and future research is essential to develop new therapeutics and vaccines that can protect this unique mucosal site from HIV-1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000129/pdfft?md5=201b12ae41fe575f4b65fe87ec4eff7d&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells in protective immunity to influenza virus","authors":"Seungwoo Lee , Karen KM Yeung , Tania H Watts","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza virus is an important human pathogen with significant pandemic potential. Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung provide critical protection against influenza, but unlike Trm at other mucosal sites, Trm in the respiratory tract (RT) are subject to rapid attrition in mice, mirroring the decline in protective immunity to influenza virus over time. Conversely, dysfunctional Trm can drive fibrosis in aged mice. The requirement for local antigen to induce and maintain RT Trm must be considered in vaccine strategies designed to induce this protective immune subset. Here, we discuss recent studies that inform our understanding of influenza-specific respiratory Trm, and the factors that influence their development and persistence. We also discuss how these biological insights are being used to develop vaccines that induce Trm in the RT, despite the limitations to monitoring Trm in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000117/pdfft?md5=f18cd080d8b6c2b16f27010dbe9f2ea5&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Wang , Yanling Wang , Jinjing Zhang , Yushi Yao
{"title":"Role of trained innate immunity against mucosal cancer","authors":"Tao Wang , Yanling Wang , Jinjing Zhang , Yushi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mucosal tissues are frequent targets of both primary and metastatic cancers. This has highlighted the significance of both innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity at mucosal sites. Trained innate immunity (TII) is an emerging concept defined as enhanced reactivity of innate leukocytes long after a previous stimulation that induces prolonged epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic changes. Trained innate leukocytes can respond to heterologous targets due to their lacking of antigen-specificity in most cases. Emerging experimental and clinical data suggest that certain microbes or their products induce TII in mucosal-associated innate leukocytes which endows heterologous anti-tumor innate immunity, in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. In this mini-review, we summarize updated findings on the significance of TII in mucosal cancers. We also attempt to raise a few key questions critical to our further understanding on the roles of TII in mucosal cancers, and to the potential application of TII as anti-cancer strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139737921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatitis-B virus: replication cycle, targets, and antiviral approaches","authors":"Nour Nasser , Pierre Tonnerre , Abdellah Mansouri , Tarik Asselah","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>An estimated 257 million people are chronic carriers of hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection, which resulted in around 1 million deaths, mainly due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long-term nucleotide analog treatment<span> of HBV infection is associated with favorable prognosis, no disease progression, and a reduction of HCC risk, but lifelong treatments are required. A better understanding of HBV replication cycle and the </span></span>host immune response<span> will likely improve the identification of new targets for drug development. Studies are ongoing to determine if it is possible to successfully combine direct-acting antivirals (DAA) with an immunomodulatory therapy to allow increased cure rates. This review will start with summarizing the HBV replication cycle, recall current treatments, and then discuss potential targets and antiviral approaches in development to optimistically reach the HBV cure.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Lawrence , Michelle Heung , Julia Nave , Christoph Henkel , Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
{"title":"The natural virome and pandemic potential: Disease X","authors":"Philip Lawrence , Michelle Heung , Julia Nave , Christoph Henkel , Beatriz Escudero-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last decade, the emergence of several zoonotic viruses has demonstrated that previously unknown or neglected pathogens have the potential to cause epidemics and therefore to pose a threat to global public health. Even more concerning are the estimated 1.7 million still-undiscovered viruses present in the natural environment or ‘global virome’, with many of these as-yet uncharacterized viruses predicted to be pathogenic for humans. Thus, in order to mitigate disease emergence and prevent future pandemics, it is crucial to identify the global extent of viral threats to which humans may become exposed. This requires cataloguing the viruses that exist in the environment within their various and diverse host species, and also understanding the viral, host, and environmental factors that dictate the circumstances that result in viral spillover into humans. We also address here which strategies can be implemented as countermeasure initiatives to reduce the risk of emergence of new diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625723000779/pdfft?md5=4f6ecf08963be84a929494708f55f8b6&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625723000779-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138298634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in nonhuman primates","authors":"Taylor Saturday, Neeltje van Doremalen","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continued pressure of COVID-19 on public health worldwide underlines the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Though many animal models are readily available for use, the nonhuman primate (NHP) models are considered the gold standard in recapitulating disease progression in humans. In this review, we highlight the relevant research since the beginning of the pandemic to critically evaluate the importance of this model. We characterize the disease’s clinical manifestations, aspects of viral replication and shedding, induction of the host’s immune response, and pathological findings that broaden our understanding of the importance of NHPs in research to strengthen our public health approach to the pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial overview: The virome in health and disease (2022)","authors":"Jelle Matthijnssens, Evelien Adriaenssens","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}