Current opinion in virology最新文献_第2页

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: modulation of viral gene expression and perturbation of host signaling pathways lead to persistent infection 人类t细胞白血病病毒I型：病毒基因表达的调节和宿主信号通路的扰动导致持续感染

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480

Takafumi Shichijo, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga

{"title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: modulation of viral gene expression and perturbation of host signaling pathways lead to persistent infection","authors":"Takafumi Shichijo, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) was the first human pathogenic retrovirus to be discovered. HTLV-1 induces a T-cell malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), and inflammatory diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), HTLV-1 uveitis (HU), and HTLV-1-associated pulmonary disease (HAPD). Importantly, HTLV-1 maintains persistent infection by regulating viral gene expression and disrupting host signaling pathways — activities that are closely linked to its pathogenicity. By modulating the expression of viral genes, including <em>tax</em> and <em>HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ)</em>, HTLV-1 enables itself to evade host immune attack and to promote the clonal expansion of infected cells. In addition, HTLV-1 perturbs host signaling pathways, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, the IL-10/JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the Rb/E2F signaling pathway. Among these pathways, the first two have recently been demonstrated to be significant in the development of ATL. HBZ enhances the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and the production of an immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, activities which not only help the virus evade the host immune system but also contribute to the proliferation of HTLV-1–infected cells themselves. In addition, HBZ converts HTLV-1–infected cells into Treg-like cells, which further enhances their survival. Overall, HTLV-1 promotes the long-term survival of infected cells <em>in vivo</em> by regulating viral gene expression and disrupting host signaling pathways, thereby accelerating the development of HTLV-1-associated disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications and limitations of respiratory virus infection models in well-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures of livestock 呼吸道病毒感染模型在家畜高分化气道上皮细胞培养中的应用和局限性

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478

Nora M Gerhards, Luca Bordes, Manouk Vrieling, Rineke de Jong, Rik L de Swart

{"title":"Applications and limitations of respiratory virus infection models in well-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures of livestock","authors":"Nora M Gerhards, Luca Bordes, Manouk Vrieling, Rineke de Jong, Rik L de Swart","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of multispecies well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (WD-AEC) models derived from either primary cells or airway organoids has led to novel options for <em>in vitro</em> characterization of host–pathogen interactions for viruses associated with the respiratory disease complex in livestock. Whereas assessment of adaptive immune responses to infection or vaccination currently still requires studies in animals, viral host restriction, tropism, entry, replication, virulence, and innate host responses of the respiratory epithelium can effectively be studied in WD-AEC cultures. Moreover, these models are also suitable for highly sensitive isolation of field strains of respiratory viruses that can replicate to relatively high titers without relying on multiple passages to generate adequate virus stocks with reduced risk of cell-culture adaptations compared to passaging in immortalized cell lines. In this review, we provide a brief overview of currently available methods and potential model applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status of advanced respiratory syncytial virus antiviral therapeutics 2025 晚期呼吸道合胞病毒抗病毒治疗的现状2025

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101477

Claire E Ruckel, Josef D Wolf, Richard K Plemper

{"title":"Status of advanced respiratory syncytial virus antiviral therapeutics 2025","authors":"Claire E Ruckel, Josef D Wolf, Richard K Plemper","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes major morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. In infants, RSV infection is a leading cause of hospitalization and can result to severe respiratory complications marked by bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia. Currently, prophylaxis exists in the form of three licensed vaccines, all approved for adults aged >65 years or pregnant women, but no vaccination is available specifically for infants. Prophylactic monoclonal antibody treatments, palivizumab and nirsevimab, are recommended in some instances for newborns, but treatment cost and need for intravenous administration limit universal accessibility. The only antiviral approved for the RSV indication, ribavirin, is no longer recommended for clinical use, creating an urgent need for a novel generation of effective therapeutics. Extensive anti-RSV drug discovery efforts have long been dominated by viral entry inhibitors that emerged as pharmacodominant in automated drug discovery campaigns, yet more recently developed candidates have expanded the target range to the viral polymerase complex and nucleoprotein. Focusing on advanced therapeutic candidates and investigational drugs that have entered clinical trials, this review will discuss challenges in RSV drug development in perspective of recent breakthroughs in RSV prophylaxis, assess the current stage of RSV therapeutic candidates, and identify key requirements for future improved RSV disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101477"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human organoid models to study coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract 人类类器官模型用于研究冠状病毒呼吸道感染

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476

Merel R te Marvelde , Laura LA van Dijk , Mark A Power , Melanie Rissmann, Rory D de Vries, Bart L Haagmans

{"title":"Human organoid models to study coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract","authors":"Merel R te Marvelde , Laura LA van Dijk , Mark A Power , Melanie Rissmann, Rory D de Vries, Bart L Haagmans","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasized the need to study coronaviruses more thoroughly. Next to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans can be infected by SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and various seasonal coronaviruses. It is likely that all human coronaviruses have a zoonotic origin and circulated in animal reservoirs before crossing the species barrier into humans. Historically, these viruses have been investigated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, mainly utilizing immortalized cell lines and animal models, respectively. Recently, more advanced physiological model systems have been developed to study coronavirus host interactions, with human organoids serving as innovative <em>in vitro</em> tissue culture system that closely mimics human physiology. Organoids provide a promising platform for investigating coronavirus infections, exploring viral tropism, studying host immune responses, and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions. This review explores the origins and use of airway organoids in studying coronaviruses. Additionally, it outlines prospects for leveraging airway organoids for examination of both innate and adaptive immune responses, evaluation of antiviral drugs, and creating intricate co-culture models for enhanced insight into coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Illuminating druggable dark matter in RNA virus replication using in situ cryo-EM 利用原位冷冻电镜阐明RNA病毒复制中的可药物暗物质

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101475

Himanshu Sharma , Marie N Sorin , Kiran B Sharma , Lars-Anders Carlson

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Viruses and cancer — challenges, breakthroughs, and future directions 编辑概述：病毒和癌症-挑战，突破，和未来的方向

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101474

Luca D Bertzbach , Nicole Fischer , Benedikt B Kaufer

引用次数: 0

State-of-the-art in oncolytic virotherapy using adenoviruses other than the commonly applied adenovirus type 5 除常用的5型腺病毒外，使用腺病毒进行溶瘤病毒治疗的最新进展

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101472

Katrin Schröer , Lotta Fiege , Alina Wolf , Vesna Bjelic-Radisic , Anja Ehrhardt

引用次数: 0

Molecules to spillover: how climate warming impacts mosquito-borne viruses 分子溢出：气候变暖如何影响蚊媒病毒

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101473

Isabel O Delwel , Erin A Mordecai

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Ex vivo culture models to study viral infections of the liver 体外培养模型研究肝脏病毒感染

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101462

Esther Föderl-Höbenreich, Katrin Panzitt

引用次数: 0

The liver as a potential gate to the brain for encephalitic viruses 肝脏是脑炎病毒进入大脑的潜在通道

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101463

Alexandre Lalande , Lola Canus , Amélie Bourgeais, Cyrille Mathieu, Eva Ogire

引用次数: 0