{"title":"Editorial overview: The lung, the gut, and the genital mucosae: microbial targets and therapeutic playgrounds","authors":"Jean-Michel Sallenave , Zhou Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: carcinogenesis in the era of direct-acting antivirals","authors":"Felix Fiehn , Claudia Beisel , Marco Binder","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with a risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are available, the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of HCV-associated HCC are still high. This article reviews the current knowledge of the mechanisms of HCV-induced carcinogenesis with a special focus on those processes that continue after virus clearance and outlines implications for patient surveillance after DAA treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000373/pdfft?md5=b876ef78dbae9ae549ed962138355e88&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca D Bertzbach , Wing-Hang Ip , Konstantin von Stromberg , Thomas Dobner , Roger J Grand
{"title":"A comparative review of adenovirus A12 and C5 oncogenes","authors":"Luca D Bertzbach , Wing-Hang Ip , Konstantin von Stromberg , Thomas Dobner , Roger J Grand","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oncogenic viruses contribute to 15% of global human cancers. To achieve that, virus-encoded oncoproteins deregulate cellular transcription, antagonize common cellular pathways, and thus drive cell transformation. Notably, adenoviruses were the first human viruses proven to induce cancers in diverse animal models. Over the past decades, human adenovirus (HAdV)-mediated oncogenic transformation has been pivotal in deciphering underlying molecular mechanisms. Key adenovirus oncoproteins, encoded in early regions 1 (E1) and 4 (E4), co-ordinate these processes. Among the different adenovirus species, the most extensively studied HAdV-C5 displays lower oncogenicity than HAdV-A12. A complete understanding of the different HAdV-A12 and HAdV-C5 oncoproteins in virus-mediated cell transformation, as summarized here, is relevant for adenovirus research and offers broader insights into viral transformation and oncogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000270/pdfft?md5=b1c8568f6544b889bae01e107ab80485&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine immunogenicity","authors":"Ali Amini , Paul Klenerman , Nicholas M Provine","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell population that are highly abundant in humans. They possess a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognises microbial metabolites formed during riboflavin biosynthesis, presented on a nonpolymorphic MHC-like molecule MR1. MAIT cells possess an array of effector functions, including type 1, type 17, and tissue repair activity. Deployment of these functions depends on the stimuli they receive through their TCR and/or cytokine receptors. Strong cytokine signalling, such as in response to vaccination, can bypass TCR triggering and provokes a strong proinflammatory response. Although data are still emerging, multiple aspects of MAIT cell biology are associated with modulation of immunity induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines. In this review, we will address how MAIT cells may play a role in immunogenicity of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how these cells can be harnessed as cellular adjuvants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000269/pdfft?md5=8838ea4613372645c271faa7dcfb1024&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idia Boncheva , Johanne Poudrier , Emilia L Falcone
{"title":"Role of the intestinal microbiota in host defense against respiratory viral infections","authors":"Idia Boncheva , Johanne Poudrier , Emilia L Falcone","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viral infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, can alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can significantly influence both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in either enhanced pathogen clearance or exacerbation of the infection, possibly leading to inflammatory complications. A deeper understanding of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and host immune responses in the context of respiratory viral infections (i.e. the gut–lung axis) is necessary to develop new treatments. This review highlights key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota, including its metabolites, can act locally or at distant organs to combat respiratory viruses. Therapeutics aimed at harnessing the microbiota to prevent and/or help treat respiratory viral infections represent a promising avenue for future investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000245/pdfft?md5=af0be0052753bba2ab97ec6e9cc7966b&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early signaling pathways in virus-infected cells","authors":"Delphine Bonhomme, Enzo Z Poirier","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Virus infection activates specific pattern recognition receptors and immune signal transduction, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of innate immunity. We describe here the molecular organization of early signaling pathways downstream of viral recognition, including conformational changes, post-translational modifications, formation of oligomers, and generation of small-molecule second messengers. Such molecular organization allows tight regulation of immune signal transduction, characterized by swift but transient responses, nonlinearity, and signal amplification. Pathologies of early immune signaling caused by genomic mutations illustrate the fine regulation of the immune transduction cascade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000257/pdfft?md5=3a474d5251fda8e9b7b4acd700053034&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhaled aerosol viral-vectored vaccines against tuberculosis","authors":"Elena Stylianou, Iman Satti","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. The development of effective TB vaccines faces significant challenges, marked by the absence of validated correlates of protection and predictive animal models. Strategic approaches to enhance TB vaccines and augment BCG efficacy include utilising prime-boost strategies with viral-vectored vaccines and exploring innovative delivery techniques, such as mucosal vaccine administration. Viral vectors offer numerous advantages, including the capacity to accommodate genes encoding extensive antigenic fragments and the induction of robust immune responses. Aerosol delivery aligns with the route of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection and holds the potential to enhance protective mucosal immunity. Aerosolised viral-vectored vaccines overcome anti-vector immunity, facilitating repeated aerosol deliveries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000221/pdfft?md5=04c597abb2d6d73af7162d4b949bc065&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Ruscitti , Coraline Radermecker , Thomas Marichal
{"title":"Journey of monocytes and macrophages upon influenza A virus infection","authors":"Cecilia Ruscitti , Coraline Radermecker , Thomas Marichal","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza A virus (IAV) infections pose a global health challenge that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the host immune response to devise effective therapeutic interventions. As monocytes and macrophages play crucial roles in host defence, inflammation, and repair, this review explores the intricate journey of these cells during and after IAV infection. First, we highlight the dynamics and functions of lung-resident macrophage populations post-IAV. Second, we review the current knowledge of recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived cells, emphasising their roles in viral clearance, inflammation, immunomodulation, and tissue repair. Third, we shed light on the consequences of IAV-induced macrophage alterations on long-term lung immunity. We conclude by underscoring current knowledge gaps and exciting prospects for future research in unravelling the complexities of macrophage responses to respiratory viral infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A complex immune communication between eicosanoids and pulmonary macrophages","authors":"Erwan Pernet , Jeremie Poschmann , Maziar Divangahi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory viral infections represent a constant threat for human health and urge for a better understanding of the pulmonary immune response to prevent disease severity. Macrophages are at the center of pulmonary immunity, where they play a pivotal role in orchestrating beneficial and/or pathological outcomes during infection. Eicosanoids, the host bioactive lipid mediators, have re-emerged as important regulators of pulmonary immunity during respiratory viral infections. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking eicosanoids' and pulmonary macrophages' homeostatic and antimicrobial functions and discuss eicosanoids as emerging targets for immunotherapy in viral infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret WY Choi, Carmina A Isidoro, Amy Gillgrass
{"title":"Mechanisms of mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract involved in defense against HIV infection","authors":"Margaret WY Choi, Carmina A Isidoro, Amy Gillgrass","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human immunodeficiency virus-1 remains a major global health threat. Since the virus is often transmitted through sexual intercourse and women account for the majority of new infections within the most endemic regions, research on mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract (FRT) is of paramount importance. At the FRT, there are intrinsic barriers to HIV-1 infection, such as epithelial cells and the microbiome, and immune cells of both the innate and adaptive arms are prepared to respond in case the virus overcomes the first line of defense. In this review, we discuss recent findings on FRT mucosal mechanisms of HIV-1 defense and highlight research gaps. While defense from HIV-1 infection at the FRT has been understudied, current and future research is essential to develop new therapeutics and vaccines that can protect this unique mucosal site from HIV-1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625724000129/pdfft?md5=201b12ae41fe575f4b65fe87ec4eff7d&pid=1-s2.0-S1879625724000129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}