Current opinion in virology最新文献_第3页

Sequence variability of the K1 gene in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and its role in pathogenesis 卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒K1基因序列变异及其在发病机制中的作用

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489

Soyoung Choi , Jun Tae Song , Seung-Hyun Lee , Un Yung Choi

{"title":"Sequence variability of the K1 gene in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and its role in pathogenesis","authors":"Soyoung Choi , Jun Tae Song , Seung-Hyun Lee , Un Yung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious pathogens account for approximately 13% of all human cancers globally, with oncogenic viruses constituting the majority. Among them, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gammaherpesvirus, remains a persistent public health concern. Although KSHV is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where it drives high rates of pediatric and endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), AIDS-related KS remains a significant burden among immunocompromised individuals, especially in areas with limited access to long-term antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, KSHV is etiologically linked to primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease, both increasingly observed in transplant recipients and individuals undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Despite decades of research, no approved vaccine or curative treatment is currently available. Among the KSHV-encoded proteins, the K1 oncoprotein, encoded by the first open reading frame of the viral genome, exhibits exceptional sequence diversity and plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis. K1 activates key host signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, cellular transformation, and survival. Importantly, genetic variation within K1, particularly in its variable regions, forms the basis for classifying KSHV into distinct genotypes that show different geographic distributions and may have divergent pathogenic potentials. In this review, we provide an updated overview of functions of K1, highlight genotype-specific oncogenic mechanisms, and examine how K1 sequence diversity may shape viral evolution, host interactions, and clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications and limitations of respiratory virus infection models in well-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures of livestock 呼吸道病毒感染模型在家畜高分化气道上皮细胞培养中的应用和局限性

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478

Nora M Gerhards, Luca Bordes, Manouk Vrieling, Rineke de Jong, Rik L de Swart

{"title":"Applications and limitations of respiratory virus infection models in well-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures of livestock","authors":"Nora M Gerhards, Luca Bordes, Manouk Vrieling, Rineke de Jong, Rik L de Swart","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of multispecies well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (WD-AEC) models derived from either primary cells or airway organoids has led to novel options for <em>in vitro</em> characterization of host–pathogen interactions for viruses associated with the respiratory disease complex in livestock. Whereas assessment of adaptive immune responses to infection or vaccination currently still requires studies in animals, viral host restriction, tropism, entry, replication, virulence, and innate host responses of the respiratory epithelium can effectively be studied in WD-AEC cultures. Moreover, these models are also suitable for highly sensitive isolation of field strains of respiratory viruses that can replicate to relatively high titers without relying on multiple passages to generate adequate virus stocks with reduced risk of cell-culture adaptations compared to passaging in immortalized cell lines. In this review, we provide a brief overview of currently available methods and potential model applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: modulation of viral gene expression and perturbation of host signaling pathways lead to persistent infection 人类t细胞白血病病毒I型：病毒基因表达的调节和宿主信号通路的扰动导致持续感染

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480

Takafumi Shichijo, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga

{"title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: modulation of viral gene expression and perturbation of host signaling pathways lead to persistent infection","authors":"Takafumi Shichijo, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) was the first human pathogenic retrovirus to be discovered. HTLV-1 induces a T-cell malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), and inflammatory diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), HTLV-1 uveitis (HU), and HTLV-1-associated pulmonary disease (HAPD). Importantly, HTLV-1 maintains persistent infection by regulating viral gene expression and disrupting host signaling pathways — activities that are closely linked to its pathogenicity. By modulating the expression of viral genes, including <em>tax</em> and <em>HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ)</em>, HTLV-1 enables itself to evade host immune attack and to promote the clonal expansion of infected cells. In addition, HTLV-1 perturbs host signaling pathways, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, the IL-10/JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the Rb/E2F signaling pathway. Among these pathways, the first two have recently been demonstrated to be significant in the development of ATL. HBZ enhances the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and the production of an immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, activities which not only help the virus evade the host immune system but also contribute to the proliferation of HTLV-1–infected cells themselves. In addition, HBZ converts HTLV-1–infected cells into Treg-like cells, which further enhances their survival. Overall, HTLV-1 promotes the long-term survival of infected cells <em>in vivo</em> by regulating viral gene expression and disrupting host signaling pathways, thereby accelerating the development of HTLV-1-associated disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Host-targeted antivirals as broad-spectrum inhibitors of respiratory viruses 宿主靶向抗病毒药物作为呼吸道病毒的广谱抑制剂。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492

Rudolf K Beran, Arya Vijjapurapu, Varsha Nair, Venice Du Pont

{"title":"Host-targeted antivirals as broad-spectrum inhibitors of respiratory viruses","authors":"Rudolf K Beran, Arya Vijjapurapu, Varsha Nair, Venice Du Pont","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, are among the leading causes of acute respiratory infections worldwide. Strategies for antiviral drug development include direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which inhibit viral proteins, or host-targeting antivirals (HTAs), which target host factors required for the viral life cycle. DAAs are often virus-specific, leaving gaps for emerging viruses such as novel coronaviruses and influenza viruses, or less common respiratory viruses such as human metapneumovirus. Moreover, DAAs are prone to viral resistance due to the low fidelity of viral polymerases, whereas HTAs act on conserved host proteins that are less susceptible to viral escape due to greater genetic stability. A variety of HTAs are currently being investigated that target viral entry, replication, assembly, or egress. The key challenges for the development of effective broad-spectrum HTAs are related to safety and translation of <em>in vitro</em> potency to <em>in vivo</em> efficacy. This review examines host factors crucial for respiratory virus lifecycles — including sialic acid receptors, lipids, phosphoinositide kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, cellular helicases, and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways — and the small-molecule inhibitors and biologics that are being explored to target them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the zoonotic spectrum of sandfly-borne phleboviruses, Africa 评估非洲白蛉传播的白蛉病毒的人畜共患谱。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494

Edwin O Ogola , Missiani Ochwoto , Tatenda Chiuya , Marshall E Bloom , David P Tchouassi

{"title":"Evaluating the zoonotic spectrum of sandfly-borne phleboviruses, Africa","authors":"Edwin O Ogola , Missiani Ochwoto , Tatenda Chiuya , Marshall E Bloom , David P Tchouassi","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandfly-borne phleboviruses (SBPs) are an important cause of febrile diseases and neuroinvasive infections in humans, especially in endemic regions. They have been described in Central Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean regions. Current investigations suggest that SBPs originated from Africa, albeit with little zoonotic threat information. Particularly pertinent is the recent identification of genetically diverse SBPs associated with human infection circulating in North and East Africa. Spread of these viruses to new regions may pose a significant risk to the local populations with little or no pre-existing immunity. Additionally, the lack of SBP detection methods at the point of care may lead to an incorrect diagnosis of malaria and influenza, inappropriate treatment, and an underestimated disease burden. Despite the availability of a wide range of analytic approaches that include cell culture, electron microscopy, and serological screening, diagnosis remains a challenge. Application of new molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) would enable description of new SBPs; however, correlation with additional field clinical data is needed to evaluate the zoonotic significance of any new SBPs. In this review, we provide a summary of the disease ecology of SBPs in Africa to concatenate the existing knowledge on transmission dynamics. The review also highlights the limited surveillance of SBPs in Africa, thus confirming the need for enhanced virus characterization incorporating advanced approaches such as capture-based target enrichment NGS, allowing for the detection of existing and novel SBPs, in addition to epidemiologic data on their clinical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 101494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human organoid models to study coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract 人类类器官模型用于研究冠状病毒呼吸道感染

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476

Merel R te Marvelde , Laura LA van Dijk , Mark A Power , Melanie Rissmann, Rory D de Vries, Bart L Haagmans

{"title":"Human organoid models to study coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract","authors":"Merel R te Marvelde , Laura LA van Dijk , Mark A Power , Melanie Rissmann, Rory D de Vries, Bart L Haagmans","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasized the need to study coronaviruses more thoroughly. Next to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans can be infected by SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and various seasonal coronaviruses. It is likely that all human coronaviruses have a zoonotic origin and circulated in animal reservoirs before crossing the species barrier into humans. Historically, these viruses have been investigated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, mainly utilizing immortalized cell lines and animal models, respectively. Recently, more advanced physiological model systems have been developed to study coronavirus host interactions, with human organoids serving as innovative <em>in vitro</em> tissue culture system that closely mimics human physiology. Organoids provide a promising platform for investigating coronavirus infections, exploring viral tropism, studying host immune responses, and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions. This review explores the origins and use of airway organoids in studying coronaviruses. Additionally, it outlines prospects for leveraging airway organoids for examination of both innate and adaptive immune responses, evaluation of antiviral drugs, and creating intricate co-culture models for enhanced insight into coronavirus infections of the respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11082,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in virology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecules to spillover: how climate warming impacts mosquito-borne viruses 分子溢出：气候变暖如何影响蚊媒病毒

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101473

Isabel O Delwel , Erin A Mordecai

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Viruses and cancer — challenges, breakthroughs, and future directions 编辑概述：病毒和癌症-挑战，突破，和未来的方向

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101474

Luca D Bertzbach , Nicole Fischer , Benedikt B Kaufer

引用次数: 0

State-of-the-art in oncolytic virotherapy using adenoviruses other than the commonly applied adenovirus type 5 除常用的5型腺病毒外，使用腺病毒进行溶瘤病毒治疗的最新进展

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101472

Katrin Schröer , Lotta Fiege , Alina Wolf , Vesna Bjelic-Radisic , Anja Ehrhardt

引用次数: 0

Illuminating druggable dark matter in RNA virus replication using in situ cryo-EM 利用原位冷冻电镜阐明RNA病毒复制中的可药物暗物质

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101475

Himanshu Sharma , Marie N Sorin , Kiran B Sharma , Lars-Anders Carlson

引用次数: 0