Current Hypertension Reports最新文献

{"title":"Immune Cell Activation in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Jamie N Garcia, Celestine N Wanjalla, Mona Mashayekhi, Alyssa H Hasty","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01222-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-022-01222-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we focus on immune cell activation in obesity and cardiovascular disease, highlighting specific immune cell microenvironments present in individuals with atherosclerosis, non-ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and infectious diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked and often characterized by inflammation and a cluster of metabolic complications. Compelling evidence from single-cell analysis suggests that obese adipose tissue is inflammatory and infiltrated by almost all immune cell populations. How this inflammatory tissue state contributes to more systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and infectious disease is less well understood. However, current research suggests that changes in the adipose tissue immune environment impact an individual's ability to combat illnesses such as influenza and SARS-CoV2. Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent globally and is often associated with type 2 diabetes and heart disease. An increased inflammatory state is a major contributor to this association. Widespread chronic inflammation in these disease states is accompanied by an increase in both innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Acutely, these immune cell changes are beneficial as they sustain homeostasis as inflammation increases. However, persistent inflammation subsequently damages tissues and organs throughout the body. Future studies aimed at understanding the unique immune cell populations in each tissue compartment impacted by obesity may hold potential for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"627-637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9510332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10451933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction.","authors":"Narayanappa Amruta, Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu, Suttira Intapad","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01228-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-022-01228-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5-15% of all pregnancies in the USA and Europe with varying percentages in developing countries. Epidemiological studies have reported that IUGR is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), disruption in placental-mTORC and TGFβ signaling cascades, and endothelial dysfunction in IUGR fetuses, children, adolescents, and adults resulting in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Experimental studies are needed to investigate therapeutic measures to treat increased blood pressure (BP) and long-term CVD problems in people affected by IUGR. We outline the mechanisms mediating fetal programming of hypertension in developing CVD. We have reviewed findings from different experimental models focusing on recent studies that demonstrate CVD in IUGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"693-708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Naked Emperor Parable Apply to Current Perceptions of the Contribution of Renin Angiotensin System Inhibition in Hypertension?","authors":"Carlos M Ferrario,&nbsp;Amit Saha,&nbsp;Jessica L VonCannon,&nbsp;Wayne J Meredith,&nbsp;Sarfaraz Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01229-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01229-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To address contemporary hypertension challenges, a critical reexamination of therapeutic accomplishments using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and a greater appreciation of evidence-based shortcomings from randomized clinical trials are fundamental in accelerating future progress.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Medications targeting angiotensin II mechanism of action are essential for managing primary hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. While the ability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers to control blood pressure is undisputed, practitioners, hypertension specialists, and researchers hold low awareness of these drugs' limitations in preventing or reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Biases in interpreting gained knowledge from data obtained in randomized clinical trials include a pervasive emphasis on using relative risk reduction over absolute risk reduction. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical practice in international hypertension guidelines fail to address the significance of a residual risk several orders of magnitude greater than the benefits. We analyze the limitations of the clinical trials that have led to current recommended treatment guidelines. We define and quantify the magnitude of the residual risk in published hypertension trials and explore how activation of alternate compensatory bioprocessing components within the renin angiotensin system bypass the ability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers to achieve a significant reduction in total and cardiovascular deaths. We complete this presentation by outlining the current incipient but promising potential of immunotherapy to block angiotensin II pathology alone or possibly in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. A full appreciation of the magnitude of the residual risk associated with current renin angiotensin system-based therapies constitutes a vital underpinning for seeking new molecular approaches to halt or even reverse the cardiovascular complications of primary hypertension and encourage investigating a new generation of ACE inhibitors and ARBs with increased capacity to reach the intracellular compartments at which Ang II can be generated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"709-721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10638066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Preeclampsia: A New Perspective.","authors":"Sarah M Albogami,&nbsp;Hayder M Al-Kuraishy,&nbsp;Thabat J Al-Maiahy,&nbsp;Ali K Al-Buhadily,&nbsp;Ali I Al-Gareeb,&nbsp;Mohammed Alorabi,&nbsp;Saqer S Alotaibi,&nbsp;Michel De Waard,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Sabatier,&nbsp;Hebatallah M Saad,&nbsp;Gaber El-Saber Batiha","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01225-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01225-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious and distinct type of pregnancy-induced hypertension, with an incidence of 2-8% worldwide. PE is defined as pregnancy-related hypertension with proteinuria and peripheral edema after 20 weeks of gestation. Hypoxic placenta triggers the release of inflammatory and humoral substances into maternal circulation, leading to induction of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, endothelial dysfunction, and peripheral vasoconstriction. The objective of the present narrative review was to find the association between PE and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in pregnant women from a new perspective.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>HIF-1 is the key transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to hypoxia and low oxygen tension. HIF-1α is involved in the differentiation and growth of the placenta mainly in the first and second trimesters. During normal gestation, HIF-1α responds to the alterations in oxygen tension, cytokine, and angiogenic factors release. HIF-1α is considered a key biomarker of placental function and vascularization during pregnancy. HIF-1α plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PE through activation of anti-angiogenic and inhibition of proangiogenic factors. As well, HIF-1α increases the expression of the p38MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasomes, which promote placental inflammation and dysfunction. HIF-1α acts as a potential link between inflammatory signaling pathways and the development of PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"687-692"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10686607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hypertension on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders.","authors":"Joseph E Malone,&nbsp;Mohamed I Elkasaby,&nbsp;Alan J Lerner","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01221-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review the pathophysiology of hypertension in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and explore the current landscape of clinical trials involving treatment of hypertension to improve cognition.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Hypertension is increasingly recognized as a contributor to cognitive impairment. Clinical trials that explore blood pressure reductions with cognitive outcomes have been promising. Various antihypertensives have been evaluated in clinical trials, with growing interest in those agents that impact the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system due to its own association with cognitive impairment. No antihypertensive agent has been found to be superior to others in reducing cognitive impairment risk or conferring neuroprotective benefits. In this review, the pathophysiology of and clinical trial data involving hypertension and dementia will be explored. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative dementias, and clinical trials have been overall favorable in improving cognition by reductions in blood pressure using antihypertensive agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"615-625"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9186780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Decades of History of Hypertension Research at the University of Toledo: Highlighting Pioneering Contributions in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Host-Microbiota Interactions.","authors":"Veda Gokula, David Terrero, Bina Joe","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01226-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-022-01226-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The study aims to capture the history and lineage of hypertension researchers from the University of Toledo in Ohio and showcase their collective scientific contributions dating from their initial discoveries of the physiology of adrenal and renal systems and genetics regulating blood pressure (BP) to its more contemporary contributions including microbiota and metabolomic links to BP regulation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS), previously known as the Medical College of Ohio, has contributed significantly to our understanding of the etiology of hypertension. Two of the scientists, Patrick Mulrow and John Rapp from UTCOMLS, have been recognized with the highest honor, the Excellence in Hypertension award from the American Heart Association for their pioneering work on the physiology and genetics of hypertension, respectively. More recently, Bina Joe has continued their legacy in the basic sciences by uncovering previously unknown novel links between microbiota and metabolites to the etiology of hypertension, work that has been recognized by the American Heart Association with multiple awards. On the clinical research front, Christopher Cooper and colleagues lead the CORAL trials and contributed importantly to the investigations on renal artery stenosis treatment paradigms. Hypertension research at this institution has not only provided these pioneering insights, but also grown careers of scientists as leaders in academia as University Presidents and Deans of Medical Schools. Through the last decade, the university has expanded its commitment to Hypertension research as evident through the development of the Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine led by Bina Joe as its founding Director. Hypertension being the top risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of human mortality, is an important area of research in multiple international universities. The UTCOMLS is one such university which, for the last 6 decades, has made significant contributions to our current understanding of hypertension. This review is a synthesis of this rich history. Additionally, it also serves as a collection of audio archives by more recent faculty who are also prominent leaders in the field of hypertension research, including John Rapp, Bina Joe, and Christopher Cooper, which are cataloged at Interviews .</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"669-685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10624007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension Across a Woman's Life Cycle.","authors":"Lama Ghazi, Rahul V Annabathula, Natalie A Bello, Li Zhou, Richard Brandon Stacey, Bharathi Upadhya","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01230-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-022-01230-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We reviewed the effects of hypertension and the means to prevent and treat it across the spectrum of a woman's lifespan and identified gaps in sex-specific mechanisms contributing to hypertension in women that need to be addressed.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Hypertension continues to be an important public health problem for women across all life stages from adolescence through pregnancy, menopause, and older age. There remain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in hypertension rates not only overall but also between the sexes. Blood pressure cutoffs during pregnancy have not been updated to reflect the 2017 ACC/AHA changes due to a lack of data. Additionally, the mechanisms behind hypertension development in menopause, including sex hormones and genetic factors, are not well understood. In the setting of increasing inactivity and obesity, along with an aging population, hypertension rates are increasing in women. Screening and management of hypertension throughout a women's lifespan are necessary to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease, and further research to understand sex-specific hypertension mechanisms is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 12","pages":"723-733"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9162995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction and Body Mass Index.","authors":"Rohan Samson,&nbsp;Pierre Vladimir Ennezat,&nbsp;Thierry H Le Jemtel,&nbsp;Suzanne Oparil","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01213-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01213-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Anti-hypertensive and lipid lowering therapy addresses only half of the cardiovascular disease risk in patients with body mass index > 30 kg/m², i.e., obesity. We examine newer aspects of obesity pathobiology that underlie the partial effectiveness of anti-hypertensive lipid lowering therapy for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity-related insulin resistance, vascular endothelium dysfunction, increased sympathetic nervous system/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, and glomerulopathy lead to type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, and chronic disease kidney disease that besides hypertension and dyslipidemia increase cardiovascular disease risk. Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk through multiple pathways. Optimal reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with obesity is likely to require therapy targeted at both obesity and obesity-associated conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 11","pages":"535-546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10637088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial Stiffness and the Canonical WNT/β-catenin Pathway.","authors":"Alexandre Vallée","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01211-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01211-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Arterial stiffness (AS) was mainly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a hypertensive patient. Some risk factors contribute to the development of AS, such as aging, high blood pressure, vascular calcification, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is implicated in numerous signaling and regulating pathways, including embryogenesis, cell proliferation, migration and polarity, apoptosis, and organogenesis. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with the development of these risk factors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is measured to determine AS, and in peripheral artery disease patients, PWV is higher than controls. An augmentation in PWV by 1 m/s has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events by 14%. AS measured by PWV is characterized by the deregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway by the inactivation of its two inhibitors, i.e., DKK1 and sclerostin. Thus, this review focuses on the role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway which contributes to the development of arterial stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 11","pages":"499-507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10637083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Dietary Fibre, Acting via the Gut Microbiome, Lowers Blood Pressure.","authors":"Chudan Xu, Francine Z Marques","doi":"10.1007/s11906-022-01216-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-022-01216-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To discuss the interplay behind how a high-fibre diet leads to lower blood pressure (BP) via the gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Compelling evidence from meta-analyses support dietary fibre prevents the development of cardiovascular disease and reduces BP. This relation is due to gut microbial metabolites, called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fibre fermentation. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate lower BP in independent hypertensive models. Mechanisms are diverse but still not fully understood-for example, they include G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetics, immune cells, the renin-angiotensin system and vasculature changes. Lack of dietary fibre leads to changes to the gut microbiota that drive an increase in BP. The mechanisms involved are unknown. The intricate interplay between fibre, the gut microbiota and SCFAs may represent novel therapeutic approaches for high BP. Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites, produced when fibre intake is low, may hold potential therapeutic applications. Further translational evidence is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"24 11","pages":"509-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9568477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}