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引用次数: 0
摘要
综述的目的:膳食盐在调节肠道微生物群和导致心力衰竭(HF)方面的作用和潜在机制尚不清楚。本综述总结了膳食盐和肠道-心脏轴在心力衰竭中的作用机制:肠道微生物群与包括高血压在内的多种心血管疾病(CVDs)有关。包括高盐摄入量在内的膳食因素会影响肠道微生物群,导致菌群失调。微生物多样性减少导致的微生物种类失衡以及随之而来的免疫细胞活化已通过多种机制被认为与高血压的发病机制有关。肠道微生物群和肠道相关代谢物会降低肠道微生物群的生物多样性并激活多种信号通路,从而导致高血脂。高膳食盐会调节肠道微生物群的组成,并通过增加肠道上皮钠/氢交换器同工酶 3 的表达、心脏β肌球蛋白重链的表达、激活肌细胞增强因子/活化 T 细胞核因子和盐诱导激酶 1 来加重或诱发高血脂。这些机制解释了心房颤动患者结构和功能失调的原因。
Purpose of review: The role and underlying mechanisms mediated by dietary salt in modulating the gut microbiota and contributing to heart failure (HF) are not clear. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dietary salt and the gut-heart axis in HF.
Recent findings: The gut microbiota has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including HF. Dietary factors including high consumption of salt play a role in influencing the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. An imbalance of microbial species due to a reduction in microbial diversity with accompanying immune cell activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HF via several mechanisms. The gut microbiota and gut-associated metabolites contribute to HF by reducing gut microbiota biodiversity and activating several signaling pathways. High dietary salt modulates the gut microbiota composition and exacerbate or induce HF by increasing the expression of the epithelial sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 in the gut, cardiac expression of beta myosin heavy chain, activation of the myocyte enhancer factor/nuclear factor of activated T cell, and salt-inducible kinase 1. These mechanisms explain the resulting structural and functional derangements in patients with HF.
期刊介绍:
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of hypertension.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as antihypertensive therapies, associated metabolic disorders, and therapeutic trials. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.