Communications Earth & Environment最新文献_第3页

Impact of irrigation on farmworker’s heat stress in California differs by season and during the day and night 灌溉对加州农场工人热应激的影响随季节和白天和夜晚的不同而不同

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01959-7

Sagar P. Parajuli, Trent Biggs, Fernando de Sales, Miguel Angel Zavala Perez, Cenlin He, Charles Jones, Callum Thompson, Nicolas Lopez Galvez, Haley Ciborowski, Tiago Quintino, Claudia Di Napoli, Aliasghar Montazar, Tayebeh Hosseini Yazdi, Monica Soucier

{"title":"Impact of irrigation on farmworker’s heat stress in California differs by season and during the day and night","authors":"Sagar P. Parajuli, Trent Biggs, Fernando de Sales, Miguel Angel Zavala Perez, Cenlin He, Charles Jones, Callum Thompson, Nicolas Lopez Galvez, Haley Ciborowski, Tiago Quintino, Claudia Di Napoli, Aliasghar Montazar, Tayebeh Hosseini Yazdi, Monica Soucier","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01959-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01959-7","url":null,"abstract":"Farmworkers, the frontline workers of our food system, are often exposed to heat stress that is likely to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. Irrigation can either alleviate or exacerbate heat stress, quantification of which is crucial in intensely irrigated agricultural lands such as the Imperial Valley in southern California. We investigate the impact of irrigation on wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), a key indicator of heat exposure in humans, using a validated high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model, during day and night and in different seasons. We find that irrigation reduces WBGT by 0.3–1.3 °C during the daytime in summer due to strong evaporative cooling. However, during the summer nights, irrigation increases WBGT by 0.4–1.3 °C, when a large increase in humidity sufficiently raises the wet-bulb temperature. Urban and fallow areas adjacent to cropped fields also experience increased heat stress due to moisture advection from irrigated areas. Our results can inform heat-related policies in agricultural regions of California and elsewhere. In the Imperial Valley of California, irrigation of agricultural fields in summer decreases farmworker’s heat stress in the daytime but increases it at night, according to an analysis that uses high-resolution data from a regional climate model.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01959-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global disparities in transboundary river research have implications for sustainable management 跨界河流研究的全球差异对可持续管理有影响

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01928-0

Mehebub Sahana, Md Kutubuddin Dhali, Sarah Lindley

{"title":"Global disparities in transboundary river research have implications for sustainable management","authors":"Mehebub Sahana, Md Kutubuddin Dhali, Sarah Lindley","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01928-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01928-0","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and hydro-politics pose significant risks for sustainable transboundary river basin management. We reviewed 4237 publications using machine learning and conducted a desk review of 325 publications, analyzing 4713 case studies across 286 basins. Our objectives were to: assess major perspectives and key research themes; analyse how they vary based on basin size, location, runoff, water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption; and reflect on implications for sustainable basin management. Findings show that the volume of research in the global south is disproportionately small compared to basin population size, water withdrawals and water consumption. Moreover, research is predominantly led by global north institutions, shaping study themes and locations. While research in the global south focuses on hydro-politics and natural hazards, the global north emphasizes landscape ecology and governance. These insights highlight the need for more comprehensive assessments in the global south to support sustainable management of transboundary river basins. The volume of research on transboundary rivers and management in the global south is disproportionately small compared to river basin population size, water withdrawals, and consumption, according to an analysis of 4713 case studies using machine learning and desk review.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01928-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3.08 billion-year-old crustal differentiation constrained by Sn and O isotopes of detrital cassiterite 30.8亿年前锡石碎屑Sn、O同位素约束下的地壳分异

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01971-x

Ding-Yi Xiong, Xiao-Lei Wang, Axel Hofmann, Weiqiang Li, Rong-Qing Zhang, Teimoor Nazari-Dehkordi, Yue Guan, Shi-Chao An

{"title":"3.08 billion-year-old crustal differentiation constrained by Sn and O isotopes of detrital cassiterite","authors":"Ding-Yi Xiong, Xiao-Lei Wang, Axel Hofmann, Weiqiang Li, Rong-Qing Zhang, Teimoor Nazari-Dehkordi, Yue Guan, Shi-Chao An","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01971-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01971-x","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of granite-hosted tin deposits reflects the differentiation and maturation of continental crust. While rare in Earth’s early continental crust, the eastern Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa may harbor the oldest known tin-bearing granites. Here we present a perspective of early continental evolution from the study of Archean detrital cassiterite from the volcano-sedimentary continental cover succession of the Dominion Group of the western Kaapvaal Craton. The cassiterites yield a concordia age of 3084.7 ± 2.3 million-year-old, representing the oldest detrital cassiterite ever found. They are enriched in hafnium, zirconium, niobium, and tantalum, depleted in tungsten, and have overall consistent δ18O values (mostly 3‒5‰) but heterogeneous δ122/118Sn values (−0.59 to 0.79‰). They likely originated from erosion of peraluminous granites, forming immediate basement of the Dominion Group. The occurrence of ~3.08 billion-year-old detrital cassiterite suggests widespread tin mineralization in the granites, the intrusion of which led to stabilization of the Kaapvaal craton. A detrital cassiterite found in the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa, implies widespread tin mineralization and stabilization of granitic cratons approximately 3.08 billion years ago, as shown by U-Pb geochronology, trace element and oxygen and tin isotopes.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01971-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

River-lake ecosystems exhibit a strong seasonal cycle of greenhouse gas emissions 江河-湖泊生态系统表现出强烈的温室气体排放季节性循环

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01912-8

Shijie Wang, Shanghua Wu, Yuzhu Dong, Xianglong Li, Yaxin Wang, Yijing Li, Ying Zhu, Jiahui Deng, Xuliang Zhuang

{"title":"River-lake ecosystems exhibit a strong seasonal cycle of greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Shijie Wang, Shanghua Wu, Yuzhu Dong, Xianglong Li, Yaxin Wang, Yijing Li, Ying Zhu, Jiahui Deng, Xuliang Zhuang","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01912-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01912-8","url":null,"abstract":"Inland lakes are a crucial source of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The interconnected river-lake systems feature multiple lake regions, wherein numerous rivers interconnect various lake regions. Their intricate hydrological conditions and interactions distinguish them from conventional lakes, which typically have a single and relatively static water body. However, the greenhouse gas emission characteristics, as well as the driving forces of the interconnected river-lake systems, are still under-researched. Here, we carried out bi-seasonal in situ surveys across a typical interconnected river-lake system, Dongting Lake, along with a meta-analysis derived from 168 lakes spanning six continents, to elucidate this issue. We found that interconnected river-lake systems exhibit a unique temporal variation in carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes, with positive fluxes during the wet season but transitioning to sinks during the dry season. Greenhouse gas fluxes in conventional stable lakes are frequently correlated with abiotic factors, such as hydro-climatological conditions and trophic status. While in Dongting Lake, specific microbial species that are important to the cycling of macronutrients and other less common nutrients, alongside microbial predatory behaviour, can better predict greenhouse gas fluxes. Our study highlights the importance of biotic predictors in prospective greenhouse gases flux estimates. River-lake ecosystems act as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide sources in the wet season and sinks in the dry season, according to an analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from Dongting Lake, China, combined with a global-scale meta-analysis.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01912-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment HFC-23 排放量未反映根据《基加利修正案》做出的承诺

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01946-y

Ben Adam, Luke M. Western, Jens Mühle, Haklim Choi, Paul B. Krummel, Simon O’Doherty, Dickon Young, Kieran M. Stanley, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Peter K. Salameh, Ray F. Weiss, Ronald G. Prinn, Jooil Kim, Hyeri Park, Sunyoung Park, Matt Rigby

{"title":"Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment","authors":"Ben Adam, Luke M. Western, Jens Mühle, Haklim Choi, Paul B. Krummel, Simon O’Doherty, Dickon Young, Kieran M. Stanley, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Peter K. Salameh, Ray F. Weiss, Ronald G. Prinn, Jooil Kim, Hyeri Park, Sunyoung Park, Matt Rigby","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01946-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01946-y","url":null,"abstract":"HFC-23 (trifluoromethane) is a potent greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere primarily as a by-product of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) synthesis. Since 2020, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol has required Parties to destroy their HFC-23 emissions to the extent possible. Here, we present updated HFC-23 emissions estimated from atmospheric observations. Globally, emissions fell to 14.0 ± 0.9 Gg yr-1 in 2023 from their maximum in 2019 of 17.3 ± 0.8 Gg yr-1, but remained five times higher than reported in 2021. Atmospheric observation-based emissions for eastern China, the world’s largest HCFC-22 producer, were also found to be substantially higher than 2020-2022 reported emissions. We estimate that potential HFC-23 sources not directly linked to HCFC-22 production explain only a minor, albeit highly uncertain, fraction of this discrepancy. Our findings suggest that HFC-23 emissions have not been destroyed to the extent reported by the Parties since the implementation of the Kigali Amendment. Substantial hydrofluorocarbon-23 emissions persist despite international reduction commitments: Emissions estimates based on inverse modelling of atmospheric measurements and transport exceeded reported values by more than five times in 2021.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01946-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A decade of declines in toothed whale densities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill 在深水地平线石油泄漏后，齿鲸密度下降了十年

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01920-8

Kaitlin E. Frasier, Macey A. Kadifa, Alba Solsona Berga, John A. Hildebrand, Sean M. Wiggins, Lance P. Garrison, Héloïse Frouin-Mouy, Adolfo Gracia, Arturo Serrano, Lynne E. W. Hodge, Carrie C. Wall, Matthieu Le Hénaff, Melissa S. Soldevilla

{"title":"A decade of declines in toothed whale densities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","authors":"Kaitlin E. Frasier, Macey A. Kadifa, Alba Solsona Berga, John A. Hildebrand, Sean M. Wiggins, Lance P. Garrison, Héloïse Frouin-Mouy, Adolfo Gracia, Arturo Serrano, Lynne E. W. Hodge, Carrie C. Wall, Matthieu Le Hénaff, Melissa S. Soldevilla","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01920-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01920-8","url":null,"abstract":"Shortly after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill began in April 2010, a widely spaced passive acoustic monitoring array was deployed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to document the impacts of this unprecedentedly large and deep offshore oil spill on oceanic marine mammals. The array was subsequently maintained for over a decade. Here we document decadal density declines for seven of eight monitored species groups, including sperm whales (up to 31%), beaked whales (up to 83%), and small delphinids (up to 43%). Declines were observed both within and outside of the surface oil footprint. Though not conclusively linked to the oil spill, the broad spatial and temporal scale of these declines observed for disparate marine mammal species is consistent with Deepwater Horizon impacts. These declines have exceeded and outlasted post-spill damage assessment predictions, suggesting that the offshore ecosystem impacts of Deepwater Horizon may have been larger than previously thought. Whale and delphinid numbers in the Gulf of Mexico have declined by up to 83% in the ten years following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, according to analysis of passive acoustic monitoring data.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01920-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fuel shifts reduce most of the greenhouse gas emissions from transportation in the United States 燃料转换减少了美国交通运输的大部分温室气体排放

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01924-4

Noah Horesh, Jason C. Quinn

{"title":"Fuel shifts reduce most of the greenhouse gas emissions from transportation in the United States","authors":"Noah Horesh, Jason C. Quinn","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01924-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01924-4","url":null,"abstract":"Decarbonizing the United States transportation sector has emerged as a critical objective to combat climate change due to its high greenhouse gas emissions, largely from light-duty vehicles. This study assesses the breakdown of life cycle emissions of various transportation options under average and maximum ridership scenarios and quantifies emissions reductions through mode shifts and technology advancements. Electrified transportation achieves half the greenhouse gas emissions of petroleum-fueled options in 2023, with projections indicating a reduction to one-fifth by 2050. Battery systems contribute up to one-fifth of lifetime emissions of electric vehicles and buses as of 2023, and this share is estimated to increase to half by 2050 as electricity emissions are greatly reduced with the decarbonization of electricity. The study concludes that shifting away from light-duty vehicles can achieve near-term greenhouse gas reductions, but these reductions are minimal in the long term when combined with transportation electrification powered by decarbonized electricity. In the United States, electrification can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from passenger transportation by half now and up to 85 percent by 2050 with a decarbonized grid, according to an analysis that uses life cycle assessment and ridership scenarios.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01924-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simple ecological indicators benchmark regeneration success of Amazonian forests 简单的生态指标是亚马逊森林更新成功的基准

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01949-9

André L. Giles, Juliana Schietti, Milena F. Rosenfield, Rita C. Mesquita, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira, Ima C. G. Vieira, Lourens Poorter, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Marielos Peña-Claros, João Siqueira, Luis Oliveira Junior, Mário Marcos do Espírito-Santo, Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento, Joice N. Ferreira, Erika Berenguer, Jos Barlow, Fernando Elias, Henrique Luis Godinho Cassol, Richarlly C. Silva, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Natália Medeiros, André B. Junqueira, Paulo Massoca, Marciel Jose Ferreira, Markus Gastauer, Leandro V. Ferreira, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Catarina C. Jakovac

{"title":"Simple ecological indicators benchmark regeneration success of Amazonian forests","authors":"André L. Giles, Juliana Schietti, Milena F. Rosenfield, Rita C. Mesquita, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira, Ima C. G. Vieira, Lourens Poorter, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Marielos Peña-Claros, João Siqueira, Luis Oliveira Junior, Mário Marcos do Espírito-Santo, Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento, Joice N. Ferreira, Erika Berenguer, Jos Barlow, Fernando Elias, Henrique Luis Godinho Cassol, Richarlly C. Silva, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Natália Medeiros, André B. Junqueira, Paulo Massoca, Marciel Jose Ferreira, Markus Gastauer, Leandro V. Ferreira, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Catarina C. Jakovac","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01949-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01949-9","url":null,"abstract":"Natural regeneration of Amazon forests offers a promising strategy to mitigate forest loss and advance the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. However, the vast variability in regeneration rates across environmental gradients and over time poses considerable challenges for assessing regeneration success and ecosystem services provision in human-modified landscapes. Here we compiled 448 plots from forest regeneration in the Amazon to investigate the drivers of regrowth capacity and identify robust ecological indicators. By modeling optimal successional trajectories, we estimated reference values for vegetation structure, diversity, and functioning. After 20 years, successful regeneration should reach a minimum basal area of 14 m². ha−¹, at least 34 tree species per 100 individuals, a structural heterogeneity index of 0.27, and 123 Mg.ha−¹ of aboveground biomass. These straightforward indicators and reference values provide a foundational framework for governments and practitioners to assess success and establish targets for Amazon restoration efforts. Optimal regeneration success in Amazonian forests is mapped by simple ecological indicators, providing reference values for measuring restoration success across successional stages based on a large compiled dataset on forest regeneration.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01949-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Russia-Ukraine war reduced food production and exports with a disparate geographical impact worldwide 俄乌战争减少了粮食生产和出口，对全球各地产生了不同程度的影响

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01915-5

Nan Jia, Zilong Xia, Yinshuai Li, Xiang Yu, Xutong Wu, Yingjie Li, Rongfei Su, Mengting Wang, Ruishan Chen, Jianguo Liu

{"title":"The Russia-Ukraine war reduced food production and exports with a disparate geographical impact worldwide","authors":"Nan Jia, Zilong Xia, Yinshuai Li, Xiang Yu, Xutong Wu, Yingjie Li, Rongfei Su, Mengting Wang, Ruishan Chen, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01915-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01915-5","url":null,"abstract":"The transboundary impacts of regional war on global food trade remain underexplored, particularly regarding disruptions to production and trade networks. Here we address this gap by developing a rapid assessment framework that integrates remote sensing, policy monitoring, and network analysis to evaluate the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on global winter cereal production and trade. Using satellite data, we estimated yield reductions for wheat, barley, and oats and analyzed the effects of export-ban policies enacted since February 24, 2022. Our findings indicate that lower- and middle-income countries were disproportionately impacted, as trade networks became fragmented, forming isolated clusters that threatened food accessibility. Geographically distant countries experienced greater disruptions than those near the conflict. This framework provides insights into the cascading effects of conflict on global food systems and offers a predictive tool for policymakers to address food availability challenges during future crises. Lower- and middle-income countries are disproportionately impacted by the reduction of winter cereals yields and fragmentation of the food trade due to the Russia-Ukraine war, according to an analysis that uses satellite cropland data, meteorological and trade data, and network approach.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01915-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling global surface dust deposition using physics-informed neural networks 利用物理信息神经网络模拟全球地表尘埃沉积

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01942-2

Constanza A. Molina Catricheo, Fabrice Lambert, Julien Salomon, Elwin van ’t Wout

{"title":"Modeling global surface dust deposition using physics-informed neural networks","authors":"Constanza A. Molina Catricheo, Fabrice Lambert, Julien Salomon, Elwin van ’t Wout","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01942-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01942-2","url":null,"abstract":"Paleoclimatic measurements serve to understand Earth System processes and evaluate climate model performances. However, their spatial coverage is generally sparse and unevenly distributed across the globe. Statistical interpolation methods are the prevalent techniques to grid such data, but these purely data-driven approaches sometimes produce results that are incoherent with our knowledge of the physical world. Physics-Informed Neural Networks follow an innovative approach to data analysis and physical modeling through machine learning, as they incorporate physical principles into the data-driven learning process. Here, we develop a machine-learning algorithm to reconstruct global maps of atmospheric dust surface deposition fluxes from paleoclimatic archives for the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum periods. We design an advection-diffusion equation that prevents dust particles from flowing upwind. Our physics-informed neural network improves on kriging interpolation by allowing variable asymmetry around data points. The reconstructions display realistic dust plumes from continental sources towards ocean basins following prevailing winds. Physics-Informed Neural Networks trained with natural dust values and paleoclimatic measurements can reconstruct the global dust deposition during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, complementing traditional kriging reconstruction methods.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01942-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0