Communications Earth & Environment最新文献_第10页

Social benefits and environmental performance of aquaculture need to improve worldwide 全世界水产养殖业的社会效益和环境绩效需要改善

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01790-0

Congjun Xu, Guohuan Su, Sébastien Brosse, Kangshun Zhao, Min Zhang, Jun Xu

{"title":"Social benefits and environmental performance of aquaculture need to improve worldwide","authors":"Congjun Xu, Guohuan Su, Sébastien Brosse, Kangshun Zhao, Min Zhang, Jun Xu","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01790-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01790-0","url":null,"abstract":"As a crucial source of protein for humans, aquaculture provides societal benefits but also poses environmental costs making it pivotal to strike a balance between costs and benefits to ensure aquaculture sustainability. Here we developed a composite sustainability index integrating societal benefits and environmental costs of aquaculture. The results show that two-fifths of the 161 countries achieved a high sustainability score (score > 50) in 2018, indicating a considerable need for improvement in the sustainability of aquaculture worldwide. This was particularly true for Asian countries (average score 45.01 ± 11.44), while European countries outperformed other regions (60.15 ± 13.64). Moreover, a Boosted Regression Tree model revealed that 59.3% of the variance in aquaculture sustainability was supported by eight indicators, including social factors, geographical effects, and aquaculture structures. By focusing on bivalve production and maintaining an optimized choice of fishes and shrimp taxa, the sustainability of global aquaculture could be enhanced. Asian and African countries need to improve aquaculture’s social benefits and environmental performance, and European countries outperformed other regions in overall aquaculture sustainability according to an analysis that uses a composite index with social, economic, and environmental data.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01790-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Light-dependent methane production by a coccolithophorid may counteract its photosynthetic contribution to carbon dioxide sequestration 一种茧石叶藻依靠光产生的甲烷可能会抵消其光合作用对二氧化碳封存的贡献

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01860-3

Yuming Rao, Guang Gao, Ilana Berman-Frank, Mina Bizic, Kunshan Gao

{"title":"Light-dependent methane production by a coccolithophorid may counteract its photosynthetic contribution to carbon dioxide sequestration","authors":"Yuming Rao, Guang Gao, Ilana Berman-Frank, Mina Bizic, Kunshan Gao","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01860-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01860-3","url":null,"abstract":"Many phytoplankton produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas. However, little is known about the relationship between their methane production and photosynthesis, which drives carbon sequestration in the oceans. Here, by ruling out the possibility of classical methanogenesis, we show that the bloom-forming marine microalga Emiliania huxleyi released methane during photosynthesis (did not generate it in darkness) while grown under different light levels, the amount of methane released correlated positively with photosynthetic electron transfer and carbon fixation. Under growth-saturating light, E. huxleyi produces methane at a maximal rate of about 6.6 ×10−11 μg cell−1 d−1 or 3.9 μg g−1 particulate organic carbon d−1. The microalga released up to 7 moles methane while fixing about 105 moles of carbon dioxide. Considering the higher global warming potential of methane than that of carbon dioxide and complicated processes involved in methane air-sea fluxes, the warming potential of phytoplankton methane production should be broadly evaluated. Phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi produce methane during photosynthesis, which may counteract their carbon sequestration potential, according to lab experiments on cultured phytoplankton.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01860-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clay alignment takes place during early stages of sedimentation 粘土排列发生在沉积的早期阶段

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01866-x

Rebecca Kuehn, Rüdiger Kilian, Dustin Lang, Luiz Grafulha Morales, Ola G. Grendal, Michael Stipp

{"title":"Clay alignment takes place during early stages of sedimentation","authors":"Rebecca Kuehn, Rüdiger Kilian, Dustin Lang, Luiz Grafulha Morales, Ola G. Grendal, Michael Stipp","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01866-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01866-x","url":null,"abstract":"The alignment of clay minerals in sediments is of high importance for their mechanical and physical properties. The development of this alignment starts with the deposition of clay, its strength is measured by the crystallographic preferred orientation. So far, the early stages of sedimentation have been restricted to post-mortem observations. Here we present particle settling experiments in four dimensions (time and orientation, as a function of overburden and composition) observed in situ using synchrotron diffraction, in which kaolinite and kaolinite-illite mixtures were sedimented in water columns. The alignment strength in freshly settled sediments increases with overburden, but is higher in deionized water than in seawater. Alignment strength increases within the first few millimetres of overburden and stagnates afterwards. With illite added, the resulting alignment strength is substantially decreased. Our results demonstrate that electrostatic interactions between particles are overcome by gravitational forces already within the upper millimetres of sediment. Clay minerals align in a preferred orientation already during the first stages of sediment settling, prior to deeper sediment compaction, according to particle settling experiments using 4D synchrotron diffraction and crystal-preferred orientation analysis","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01866-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic processes determine precipitation variability in Eastern Central European since the Last Glacial Maximum 末次冰川极盛时期以来中欧东部降水量变化的动态过程

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01876-9

Sophie F. Warken, Dana F. C. Riechelmann, Jens Fohlmeister, Andrea Schröder-Ritzrau, Norbert Frank, Denis Scholz, Klaus P. Jochum, Ionuț-Cornel Mirea, Silviu Constantin, Christoph Spötl

{"title":"Dynamic processes determine precipitation variability in Eastern Central European since the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"Sophie F. Warken, Dana F. C. Riechelmann, Jens Fohlmeister, Andrea Schröder-Ritzrau, Norbert Frank, Denis Scholz, Klaus P. Jochum, Ionuț-Cornel Mirea, Silviu Constantin, Christoph Spötl","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01876-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01876-9","url":null,"abstract":"The response of European precipitation variability to climate change is still poorly understood. Here we present a high-resolution speleothem record of Eastern Central European (ECE) autumn/winter precipitation to study decadal to centennial hydroclimatic variations in the European-Atlantic sector since the Last Glacial Maximum. The Cloşani Cave δ18O record shows that the reorganization of the North Atlantic jet following the demise of the Northern Hemispheric ice sheets lasted until c. 6000 to 5000 years before present. Trace element-derived semi-quantitative autumn/winter precipitation amount reveals that the late Glacial and the early to mid-Holocene experienced about 20–30% higher precipitation than present. During the deglaciation, we detect an increased decadal to centennial precipitation variability decoupled from millennial-scale North Atlantic temperature changes. The findings suggest that dynamic (rather than thermodynamic) processes determine regional precipitation variability and the probability of extreme precipitation events in ECE, highlighting the importance of understanding such dynamics for future predictions. Dynamic atmospheric processes like the North Atlantic jet stream determine the variability of precipitation in Eastern Central Europe, according to analysis of a precipitation record derived from stalagmite trace elemental data from the last twenty thousand years.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01876-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluid upwelling across the Hikurangi subduction thrust during deep slow-slip earthquakes 深层慢滑地震期间彦朗基俯冲推力的流体上涌

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01864-z

Pasan Herath, Pascal Audet

{"title":"Fluid upwelling across the Hikurangi subduction thrust during deep slow-slip earthquakes","authors":"Pasan Herath, Pascal Audet","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01864-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01864-z","url":null,"abstract":"Slow-slip events at global subduction zones relieve tectonic stress over days to years. Through slow-slip cycles, high fluid pressures observed at the top of subducting plates are thought to fluctuate, potentially due to the valving action of an impermeable layer near the plate interface. We model teleseismic scattering data at the Manawatu deep slow-slip patch at the Hikurangi margin in New Zealand and find high seismic P-to-S wave velocity ratios, VP/VS, in the upper ~5 km of the subducting Pacific Plate, reflecting sustained elevated fluid pressures that decrease during slow-slip and increase during inter-slow-slip periods. Within a ~ 3 km thick lower crustal layer of the overriding Australian Plate, decreasing VP/VS during inter-slow-slip periods reflects permeability reduction due to mineral precipitation. Increasing VP/VS during slow-slip reflects increasing permeability and crack density, facilitating upward fluid transfer through this layer. Our results suggest it acts as a valve to relieve high fluid pressures in the subducting slab. Seismic velocity changes near the subduction thrust of the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand result from fluid pressure dynamics associated with deep slow-slip earthquakes, as revealed from receiver function analysis.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01864-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reef site and habitat influence effectiveness of Acropora palmata restoration and its microbiome in the Florida Keys 珊瑚礁地点和栖息地对佛罗里达礁岛群棕榈杉恢复效果及其微生物群的影响

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01816-7

Stephanie M. Rosales, Benjamin D. Young, Allan J. Bright, Enrique Montes, Jia-Zhong Zhang, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Dana E. Williams

{"title":"Reef site and habitat influence effectiveness of Acropora palmata restoration and its microbiome in the Florida Keys","authors":"Stephanie M. Rosales, Benjamin D. Young, Allan J. Bright, Enrique Montes, Jia-Zhong Zhang, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Dana E. Williams","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01816-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01816-7","url":null,"abstract":"The success of coral restoration for the critically endangered Acropora palmata is understudied. Here, we examined how habitat and coral microbiomes influenced survivorship in four genets of A. palmata outplanted in three reefs. A. palmata microbiomes were correlated to reef and habitat and minimally to coral genet. Carysfort Reef exhibited the lowest survivorship which correlated to lower current velocity and a higher relative abundance of Rhodobacterales in A. palmata. Higher survivorship was present at Pickles Reef which correlated to the highest current velocity, and at North Dry Rocks with the shallowest outplant depth. Habitat factors driven by time of year such as higher levels of nitrate, nitrite, and temperature also correlated with a relative increase in a putative pathogen, Alteromonadales, and a decrease in an uncharacterized core bacteria. We suggest outplanting at sites with high currents, lower depths, and at lower concentrations of nitrate/nitrite to increase A. palmata survivorship. Habitat factors such as current velocity and water depth play a key role in the survivorship of the endangered coral Acropora palmata and its microbiome, according to surveys at coral restoration sites.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01816-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Annual grass invasions and wildfire deplete ecosystem carbon storage by >50% to resistant base levels 年度草入侵和野火将生态系统碳储存消耗到抗性基础水平的 50% 以上

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01795-9

Toby M. Maxwell, Harold E. Quicke, Samuel J. Price, Matthew J. Germino

{"title":"Annual grass invasions and wildfire deplete ecosystem carbon storage by >50% to resistant base levels","authors":"Toby M. Maxwell, Harold E. Quicke, Samuel J. Price, Matthew J. Germino","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01795-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01795-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological disturbance can affect carbon storage and stability and is a key consideration for managing lands to preserve or increase ecosystem carbon to ameliorate the global greenhouse gas problem. Dryland soils are massive carbon reservoirs that are increasingly impacted by species invasions and altered fire regimes, including the exotic-grass-fire cycle in the extensive sagebrush steppe of North America. Direct measurement of total carbon in 1174 samples from landscapes of this region that differed in invasion and wildfire history revealed that their impacts depleted soil carbon by 42–49%, primarily in deep horizons, which could amount to 17.1–20.0 Tg carbon lost across the ~400,000 ha affected annually. Disturbance effects on soil carbon stocks were not synergistic, suggesting that soil carbon was lowered to a floor—i.e. a resistant base-level—beneath which further loss was unlikely. Restoration and maintenance of resilient dryland shrublands/rangelands could stabilize soil carbon at magnitudes relevant to the global carbon cycle. In the semiarid rangelands of the western US, the annual grass invasion and wildfire depleted the soil carbon in deep horizons and led to ecosystem carbon loss across 400,000 hectares, according to an analysis based on soil and biomass samples and statistical approach.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01795-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydroclimatic impacts of the abrupt cooling event 8200 years ago in the western Indo-Pacific Warm Pool 西印度洋-太平洋暖池 8200 年前骤冷事件的水文气候影响

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01825-6

Yama Dixit, Stephen Chua, Yu Ting Yan, Aakanksha Kumari, Adam D. Switzer

{"title":"Hydroclimatic impacts of the abrupt cooling event 8200 years ago in the western Indo-Pacific Warm Pool","authors":"Yama Dixit, Stephen Chua, Yu Ting Yan, Aakanksha Kumari, Adam D. Switzer","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01825-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01825-6","url":null,"abstract":"The most prominent abrupt climate event during the Holocene, the ‘8.2 ka event’, was characterized by severe cooling at high northern latitudes causing diverse hydroclimate shifts globally. A precise understanding of the hydroclimate response of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) region to the 8.2 ka cooling, remains elusive. Here we present sub-centennial stable carbon isotope record on benthic foraminifera Asterorotalia pulchella and X-ray fluorescence elemental data of a marine sediment core from the Kallang River Basin, Singapore. We show that the rainfall in the western IPWP weakened for ~200 years at ~8.15 ± 0.03 ka BP, consistent with other regional and Southern Hemispheric records, however there is a lag of ~100 years from the North Atlantic cooling. A north-south signal propagation from the North Atlantic possibly via oceanic along with atmospheric routes operating on centennial scales led to southward location of Intertropical convergence zone causing droughts in Southeast Asia. Drying in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool lagged about a century behind the high northern latitude cooling known as the 8.2 ka event due to oceanic heat transport, according to analysis of a high-resolution foraminiferal record from a sediment core offshore Singapore","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01825-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rural land systems both support and hinder the Sustainable Development Goals across Europe 整个欧洲的农村土地制度既支持又阻碍可持续发展目标的实现

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01736-6

Kimberly A. Nicholas, Murray Scown

{"title":"Rural land systems both support and hinder the Sustainable Development Goals across Europe","authors":"Kimberly A. Nicholas, Murray Scown","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01736-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01736-6","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainable rural land systems, including farms and forestry, is essential to achieve the European Union’s goal of fair and healthy food systems while becoming climate-neutral and halting biodiversity loss. Here we quantitatively assess the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of rural land systems in Europe using spatial hotspot analyses based on 15 environmental and 9 social sustainability indicators from the European Sustainable Development Goals and the Common Agricultural Policy. We find high subsidy support for under-performing sustainability areas and low sustainability performance in areas producing the most calories. However, we identified two brightspots with good environmental and socioeconomic performance (Nordics and Central Europe), and five dragspots hindering sustainability: the Balkans, the Lowlands, Northern Italy, Southern Italy and Malta, and Southern Spain. Redirecting support to reward social and environmental benefits from land use can help achieve sustainability goals. European agricultural subsidies are mainly allocated to rural regions where agriculture is intensified such as southern Europe, the Lowlands, and the Balkans, instead of Nordic and Central Europe which are more sustainable, according to a spatial hotspot analysis of 24 sustainability indicators","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01736-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe 必须采用微生物解决方案应对气候灾难

IF 8.1 1区地球科学

Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01817-6

Raquel Peixoto, Christian R. Voolstra, Lisa Y. Stein, Philip Hugenholtz, Joana Falcao Salles, Shady A. Amin, Max Häggblom, Ann Gregory, Thulani P. Makhalanyane, Fengping Wang, Nadège Adoukè Agbodjato, Yinzhao Wang, Nianzhi Jiao, Jay T. Lennon, Antonio Ventosa, Patrik M. Bavoil, Virginia Miller, Jack A. Gilbert

引用次数: 0