Communications Earth & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Marine heatwaves suppress ocean circulation and large vortices in the Gulf of Alaska","authors":"Maya C. Rallu De Malibran, Chloe M. Kaplan, Emanuele Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01785-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01785-x","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale anticyclonic vortices forming along the Gulf of Alaska continental slope serve as fertile ecosystems for marine life, significantly shaping the distribution of primary productivity, with 40–80% of the gulf’s open ocean surface chlorophyll-a concentrated in their cores. Between 2013 and 2023, Alaska experienced some of the largest and longest marine heatwaves ever recorded in the world’s oceans, persistently altering its ecosystem and fisheries. Here, using 30 years of satellite and reanalysis data, we find that the coastal upwelling atmospheric forcing conditions associated with the heatwaves have also significantly suppressed the Gulf of Alaska’s ocean circulation and the formation of large anticyclones. Climate model simulations spanning from 1850 to 2100 suggest that future changes in the Aleutian Low pressure system will lead to a 60% increase in upwelling extremes (>2 standard deviations), further weakening the ocean anticyclones. However, large uncertainties remain in the mechanisms controlling the Aleutian Low’s response to climate forcing in the models. Between 2013 to 2023, marine heatwaves and changing atmospheric conditions have suppressed ocean circulation and anticyclonic vortices formation in the Gulf of Alaska, with future climate changes likely to intensify this trend, according to results from 30 years of satellite and reanalysis data as well as climate model simulations.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01785-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced and smaller phytoplankton during marine heatwaves in eastern boundary upwelling systems","authors":"Weikang Zhan, Ming Feng, Ying Zhang, Xinchen Shen, Haigang Zhan, Qingyou He","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01805-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01805-w","url":null,"abstract":"Marine heatwaves have attracted great attention for their devastating impacts on marine organisms. However, the influence of marine heatwaves on phytoplankton community structure, a key aspect of pelagic ecosystems, remains elusive, especially in the biologically productive eastern boundary upwelling systems. Here, using a combination of multi-satellite observations and model outputs, we discover that phytoplankton in these upwelling systems exhibit not only a marked reduction in biomass (~50%), but also a significant shift toward smaller species in community structures during marine heatwaves, featuring a substantially increased/decreased dominance in picophytoplankton/microphytoplankton. This change in community structure is positively related to the intensity and duration of marine heatwaves, and is likely a result of community competition under reduced nutrient supply due to weakened coastal upwelling associated with poleward wind anomalies. These findings invite us to rethink the dominance of phytoplankton in the eastern boundary upwelling systems under extreme conditions, and may have important implications for local fisheries and carbon cycle under the ongoing warming. Longer and more intense marine heatwaves are associated with a dominance of smaller plankton species and lower overall biomass, according to an analysis of ocean color satellite data and distribution modeling.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01805-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert elicitation of state shifts and divergent sensitivities to climate warming across northern ecosystems","authors":"Émilie Saulnier-Talbot, Éliane Duchesne, Dermot Antoniades, Dominique Arseneault, Christine Barnard, Dominique Berteaux, Najat Bhiry, Frédéric Bouchard, Stéphane Boudreau, Kevin Cazelles, Jérôme Comte, Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Steeve D. Côté, Raoul-Marie Couture, Guillaume de Lafontaine, Florent Domine, Dominique Fauteux, Daniel Fortier, Michelle Garneau, Gilles Gauthier, Dominique Gravel, Isabelle Laurion, Martin Lavoie, Nicolas Lecomte, Pierre Legagneux, Esther Lévesque, Marie-José Naud, Michel Paquette, Serge Payette, Reinhard Pienitz, Milla Rautio, Alexandre Roy, Alain Royer, Martin Simard, Warwick F. Vincent, Joël Bêty","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01791-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01791-z","url":null,"abstract":"Northern regions are warming faster than the rest of the globe. It is difficult to predict ecosystem responses to warming because the thermal sensitivity of their biophysical components varies. Here, we present an analysis of the authors’ expert judgment regarding the sensitivity of six ecosystem components – permafrost, peatlands, lakes, snowpack, vegetation, and endothermic vertebrates – across northern landscapes ranging from boreal to polar biomes. We identified 28 discontinuous component states across a 3700 km latitudinal gradient in northeastern North America and quantified sensitivity as the transition time from an initial to a contrasting state following a theoretical step change increase in mean annual air temperature of 5 °C. We infer that multiple interconnected state shifts are likely to occur within a narrow subarctic latitudinal band at timescales of 10 to more than 100 years, and response times decrease with latitude. Response times differ between components and across latitudes, which is likely to impair the integrity of ecosystems. Warming-induced changes in permafrost, peatlands, lakes, snowpack, vegetation, and vertebrates could impact northern ecosystem integrity, with different response times across components and latitude, according to an expert assessment of sensitivity in northern landscapes.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01791-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid inclusions in magmatic ilmenite record degassing in basic magmas","authors":"Anthony Pochon, Daniel J. Kontak, Giada Iacono-Marziano, Eric Gloaguen, Johann Tuduri, Tom Chatelin, Jacques Précigout, Héctor Campos Rodríguez, Valentin Mollé, Blandine Gourcerol, Loïs Monnier","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01788-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01788-8","url":null,"abstract":"Magmatic volatile phases play a major role in igneous systems, but indirect sampling of the magmatic fluid, especially for basic magmas, remains challenging to document. Here, we report compelling evidence of primary fluid inclusions trapped within magmatic ilmenite from two different basic intrusive settings: Armorican Massif (France) and Central Iberian Zone (Spain). Fluid inclusions have a solute chemistry dominated by sodium, calcium, chlorine, sulfur and iron, with detectable contents of metals and metalloids and thus likely record the onset of late-stage magmatic volatile saturation in these basic magmas. Hence, we argue the presence of fluid inclusions in ilmenite may be a good indicator for magma degassing in these settings and importantly records the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. Additionally, this study suggests that the trapping of the magmatic volatile phase during ilmenite (and other opaque minerals) crystallization may be more common but at present an underappreciated phenomenon in basic igneous magmatic systems. Fluid inclusions within ilmenite record primary magmatic fluids in intrusive mafic rocks and may work as a proxy for mafic magma degassing, as shown by geochemical data from inclusions in mafic samples from the Armorican Massif and the Central Iberian Zone.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01788-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing heatwaves based on land surface energy budget","authors":"Yinglin Tian, Axel Kleidon, Corey Lesk, Sha Zhou, Xiangzhong Luo, Sarosh Alam Ghausi, Guangqian Wang, Deyu Zhong, Jakob Zscheischler","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01784-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01784-y","url":null,"abstract":"Heat extremes pose pronounced threats to social-ecological systems and are projected to become more intense, frequent, and longer. However, the mechanisms driving heatwaves vary across heatwave types and are not yet fully understood. Here we decompose perturbations in the surface energy budget to categorize global heatwave-days into four distinct types: sunny–humid (38%), sunny-dry (26%), advective (18%), and adiabatic (18%). Notably, sunny-dry heatwave-days decrease net ecosystem carbon uptake by 0.09 gC m−2 day−1 over harvested areas, while advective heatwave-days increase the thermal stress index by 6.20 K in populated regions. In addition, from 2000 to 2020, sunny-dry heatwaves have shown the most widespread increase compared to 1979 to 1999, with 67% of terrestrial areas experiencing a doubling in their occurrence. Our findings highlight the importance of classifying heatwave-days based on their underlying mechanisms, as this can enhance our understanding of heatwaves and improve strategies for heat adaptation. Global heatwave days can be classified into sunny-humid, sunny-dry, advective, and adiabatic types, with sunny-dry days showing the most widespread increase from 2000 to 2020, causing carbon uptake reduction, while advective days increase human thermal stress, according to surface energy budget perturbations analysis.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01784-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest definitions require a re-think","authors":"Viviana Zalles, Nancy Harris, Fred Stolle, Matthew C. Hansen","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01779-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01779-9","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking global deforestation is key to the implementation of forest conservation and emissions reduction policies. To make tracking meaningful, the terms forest extent and deforestation must be defined in a way that is simple, transferable, and applicable with existing measurement and monitoring techniques. Tracking global deforestation is key to the implementation of forest conservation and emissions reduction policies. This Comment suggests forest extent and deforestation must be defined in a way that is simple, transferable, and applicable.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01779-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-innovation minimizes the carbon footprint of wine production","authors":"Sudharsanam Abinandan, Kuppan Praveen, Kadiyala Venkateswarlu, Mallavarapu Megharaj","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01766-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01766-0","url":null,"abstract":"Wine industry faces significant sustainability challenges in the wake of climate change. Life cycle assessments for carbon footprint in wineries suggest that the conventional farming exhibits higher values of 0.06–3.0 kg CO2-eq bottle–1 of 750 mL wine as compared to mixed and organic farming. Life cycle assessment findings highlight that most studies often overlooked the resources in farming practices, biogenic emissions, and wastewaters in the overall reduction of winery carbon footprint. We demonstrate that the adoption of eco-innovations such as constructed wetlands and Phycosol utilize the overlooked resource loop and significantly reduce the winery carbon footprint. Empirical data analysis suggests that the use of these eco-innovative models results in 25‒30% reduction of CO2 emissions bottle–1 of 750 mL wine besides embracing Sustainable Development Goal 9, and effectively synergizing with Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 12, thus emphasizing their critical role in ensuring the sustainability of wine production. Constructed wetlands and Phycosol systems that integrate solar technologies with microalgae reduce the winery’s greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals, according to an analysis of data on wastewater generation, biogenic fermentation, and biomass utilization.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01766-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased precipitation has not enhanced the carbon sequestration of afforestation in Northwest China","authors":"Xintao Li, Ke Xia, Taixia Wu, Shudong Wang, Hongzhao Tang, Chenchao Xiao, Hongwu Tang, Nan Xu, Dongzhen Jia","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01733-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01733-9","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns have been raised about the sustainability of large-scale afforestation in semi-arid regions due to potential water constraints. This study investigated whether increased humidity in the semi-arid regions of northwest China could sustain the continued expansion of afforestation efforts. Using multi-source remote sensing data, we found that between 2012 to 2020, annual cumulative precipitation increased by 2.5 millimeters per year, while annual average carbon sequestration in afforested areas declined by 0.002 kilograms of carbon per square meter per year, indicating asynchronous trends. This disparity was primarily attributed to the trade-off between vegetation photosynthesis and transpiration in response to external water conditions, which led to a decline in the water use efficiency of afforested vegetation. The effect of water use efficiency on carbon sequestration was driven by gross primary productivity, rather than evapotranspiration. These findings underscore the importance of targeted afforestation in semi-arid regions, considering local water resource sustainability. In the China Loess Plateau, the annual precipitation increased while average carbon sequestration in afforested areas declined due to the trade-off between vegetation photosynthesis and transpiration, according to an analysis that uses the remote sensing data and a statistical approach.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01733-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital agriculture’s impact on carbon dioxide emissions varies with the economic development of Chinese provinces","authors":"Mingguo Ma, Jiafen Li, Jianfeng Song, Xiaonan Chen","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01786-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01786-w","url":null,"abstract":"Digital empowerment is a dynamic process of complementary digital technology and production factors and plays a critical role in achieving the dual carbon objectives of the carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Here, we use the input-output method, employing panel data on environmental and social factors from 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2021. We explore the impact of digital empowerment development on agricultural carbon dioxide emissions and underlying mechanisms. We found that the relationship between digital empowerment and carbon dioxide emissions is nonlinear and follows an inverted U-curve. The carbon dioxide emissions increase as digital empowerment increases and decrease when digital empowerment crosses the inflection point of 0.0862. Digital empowerment reduces agricultural carbon emissions by optimizing carbon-intensive factor inputs such as fertilizers and improving factor allocation efficiency. Our research provides evidence for policymakers to enable the promotion of digital empowerment of farmers across Chinese provinces. In China, the use of digital technology in agriculture increased from 2012 to 2021, and carbon dioxide emissions initially increased and then decreased due to lower and more efficient fertilizer and fuel use, according to an analysis combining the input-output method and social and environmental data.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01786-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marsh restoration in front of seawalls is an economically justified nature-based solution for coastal protection","authors":"Ernie I. H. Lee, Heidi Nepf","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01753-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01753-5","url":null,"abstract":"A marsh-fronted seawall is a hybrid nature-based coastal protection solution because it attenuates wave energy, reduces erosion, and provides ecosystem services. However, we still have a limited understanding of how to quantify the marsh wave attenuation benefits for economic analysis. Here, we incorporate a prediction of wave attenuation that accounts for species-specific morphology and structural stiffness into a 1-D wave model and validate it with field measurements. Our results show that the wave attenuation varies by a factor of two across different vegetation species. Further, we performed a benefit-cost analysis, in which the economic benefits represent the environmental services value and avoided seawall heightening cost that would otherwise be required to deliver the same overtopping rate without vegetation. We applied the model to a real-world, marsh-fronted seawall design at Juniper Cove, Massachusetts. Although the benefit of marsh-fronted seawalls is sensitive to discount rate, they have benefit-cost ratios greater than one, indicating that it is an economically justified nature-based solution. Further, we found that wave attenuation and benefit-cost ratio are more sensitive to water depth than wave height. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the coastal protection of marshes and economic benefits in one framework. Wave energy reduction and benefit-cost ratios of marsh-fronted seawalls are more sensitive to water depth than wave height, and the restoration of the marsh is an economically justified nature-based solution, according to an analysis that combines a 1-D wave model and benefit-cost analysis.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01753-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}